Test of a geometric model for the modification stage of simple impact crater development     

R. A. F. Grieve  J. B. Garvin  J. M. Coderre  J. Rupert 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1989,24(2):83-88

Abstract— Small terrestrial hypervelocity impact craters have a bowl-shaped form and are partially filled by an interior breccia lens, roughly parabolic in cross-section, of allochthonous material. This interior breccia volume is geometrically modelled as the volume of material slumped off the interior wall of the transient cavity during late stage crater modification. This model is tested by comparing the estimated volume of the breccia lens based on observational data with the calculated volume of slump material based on known dimensional parameters. The model fits well for Meteor Crater and Brent and is highly sensitive to changes in input parameters (e.g., a 10% increase in the input diameter for Meteor Crater produces an almost 200% increase in the model breccia lens volume). Further testing of the model with less constrained data from West Hawk Lake and Lonar leads to reasonable fits, given the sensitivity of the model to input parameters. Fits to other craters: Aouelloul, Tenoumer and Wolf Creek, where previous depth data are constrained only by gravity data, are unsatisfactory. However, revised depths can be obtained that fit both the gravity data and the model. While these tests do not provide unqualified support for the model, they do suggest that it may represent a good first order approximation. More and better quality dimensional data are required for more rigorous testing.  相似文献   

Anomalous passive subsidence of deep‐water sedimentary basins: a prearc basin example,southern New Caledonia Trough and Taranaki Basin,New Zealand     

Jan Baur  Rupert Sutherland  Tim Stern 《Basin Research》2014,26(2):242-268

Stratigraphic data from petroleum wells and seismic reflection analysis reveal two distinct episodes of subsidence in the southern New Caledonia Trough and deep‐water Taranaki Basin. Tectonic subsidence of ~2.5 km was related to Cretaceous rift faulting and post‐rift thermal subsidence, and ~1.5 km of anomalous passive tectonic subsidence occurred during Cenozoic time. Pure‐shear stretching by factors of up to 2 is estimated for the first phase of subsidence from the exponential decay of post‐rift subsidence. The second subsidence event occured ~40 Ma after rifting ceased, and was not associated with faulting in the upper crust. Eocene subsidence patterns indicate northward tilting of the basin, followed by rapid regional subsidence during the Oligocene and Early Miocene. The resulting basin is 300–500 km wide and over 2000 km long, includes part of Taranaki Basin, and is not easily explained by any classic model of lithosphere deformation or cooling. The spatial scale of the basin, paucity of Cenozoic crustal faulting, and magnitudes of subsidence suggest a regional process that acted from below, probably originating within the upper mantle. This process was likely associated with inception of nearby Australia‐Pacific plate convergence, which ultimately formed the Tonga‐Kermadec subduction zone. Our study demonstrates that shallow‐water environments persisted for longer and their associated sedimentary sequences are hence thicker than would be predicted by any rift basin model that produces such large values of subsidence and an equivalent water depth. We suggest that convective processes within the upper mantle can influence the sedimentary facies distribution and thermal architecture of deep‐water basins, and that not all deep‐water basins are simply the evolved products of the same processes that produce shallow‐water sedimentary basins. This may be particularly true during the inception of subduction zones, and we suggest the term ‘prearc’ basin to describe this tectonic setting.  相似文献   

Fish community structure on littoral rocky shores in the Eastern Aegean Sea: Effects of exposure and substratum   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fien De Raedemaecker  Anastasia Miliou  Rupert Perkins 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

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