Near-field beam pattern measurement of qualification model of ALMA band 8 (385–500 GHz) cartridge receiver     

Masato Naruse  Tetsuya Ito  Yutaro Sekimoto  Hiroyuki Toba  Naohisa Satou  Masahiro Sugimoto  Wenlei Shan  Yoshizou Iizuka  Toshiaki Kamba  Mamoru Kamikura  Yasutaka Serizawa 《Experimental Astronomy》2009,24(1-3):89-107

We have developed a near-field vector beam measurement system covering the range of frequencies from 385 to 500 GHz. The measurement set-up is capable of measurements with dynamic range exceeding 50 dB and amplitude and phase stability respectively of 0.1 dB/h and 1 degree/5 min at room temperature. Beam patterns of the ALMA band 8 corrugated horns and receiver optics block were measured at room temperature and lately compared with physical optics calculations obtained in the far-field. Both co-polar and cross-polar beam patterns of a qualification model of the ALMA band 8 cartridge cooled in a cartridge-test-cryostat have also been measured in the near-field as a detector of a submillimeter vector network analyzer. The measurements presented in this work refer to the lowest, middle and upper frequencies of band 8. The comparisons between software model and experimental measurements at these frequencies show good agreement down to ?30 dB for the main polarization component. The cross-polarization level of the beam propagating through the receiver optics block was also characterized. We found that a cross-polarization level better than ?28 dB can be achieved at all measured frequencies. The measured beam pattern of this receiver corresponds to efficiency of greater than 92% at the sub reflector (diameter of 750 mm) of the ALMA 12 m optics.  相似文献   

Overview of the MITI Nankai Trough Wells: A Milestone in the Evaluation of Methane Hydrate Resources   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yoshihiro Tsuji    Hisashi Ishida    Masaru Nakamizu    Ryo Matsumoto  Satoshi Shimizu 《Resource Geology》2004,54(1):3-10

Abstract. Bottom-simulating reflectors suggestive of the presence of methane hydrates are widely distributed below the ocean floor around Japan. In late 1999, drilling of the MITI Nankai Trough wells was conducted to explore this potential methane hydrate resource and a Tertiary conventional structure. The wells are located in the Northwest Pacific Ocean off Central Japan at a water depth of 945 m. A total of six wells were drilled, including the main well, two pilot wells, and three post survey wells at intervals of 10–100 m. All wells except the first confirmed the occurrence of hydrates based on logging-while-drilling, wire-line logging and/or coring using a pressure and temperature coring system in addition to conventional methods. Based on the various well profiles, four methane hydrate-bearing sand-rich intervals in turbidite fan deposits were recognized. Methane hydrates fill the pore spaces in these deposits, reaching saturation of up to 80 % in some layers. The methane hydrate-bearing turbiditic sand layers are less than 1 m thick, with a total thickness of 12–14 m. The bottom depth of high hydrate concentration correlates well with the depth of the bottom-simulating reflector. Based on these exploration results, the Japanese government inaugurated a 16-year methane hydrate exploitation program in 2001.  相似文献   

Petrographic features of a high-temperature granite just newly solidified magma at the Kakkonda geothermal field, Japan     

Munetake Sasaki  Koichiro Fujimoto  Takayuki Sawaki  Hitoshi Tsukamoto  Osamu Kato  Ryo Komatsu  Nobuo Doi  Masakatsu Sasada 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,121(3-4):247-269

A 3729-m-deep geothermal research well, WD-1a, provides us with a unique opportunity to study initial petrographic features of a high-temperature granite just after solidification of magma. The well succeeded in collecting three spot-cores of the Kakkonda Granite that is a pluton emplaced at a shallow depth and regarded as a heat source of the active Kakkonda geothermal system. The core samples were collected at the present formation temperatures of 370, 410 and over 500°C. These samples are granodiorite to tonalite consisting mainly of plagioclase, quartz, hornblende, biotite and K-feldspar. A sample collected at a formation temperature of over 500°C possesses the following remarkable petrographic features compared to the other two samples. Interstitial spaces are not completely sealed. K-feldspar exhibits no perthite by the exsolution of albite lamella. Quartz includes glassy melt inclusions without devitrification. Hornblende is less intensively altered to actinolite, and biotite is not altered. This study directly confirmed that perthite in K-feldspar is a recrystallization texture formed at 410–500°C based on a comparison of the in situ temperatures of the samples. Chemical compositions of minerals were analyzed to compare temperatures determined from geothermometers in several publications to the in situ temperatures of the samples.  相似文献   

Area-Averaged Sensible Heat Flux and a New Method to Determine Zero-Plane Displacement Length over an Urban Surface using Scintillometry     

Manabu Kanda  Ryo Moriwaki  Matthias Roth  Tim Oke 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,105(1):177-193

Field observations of area-averagedturbulence characteristics were conducted in a densely built-up residential neighbourhood in Tokyo, Japan. In addition to eddy-correlation (EC) sensors a scintillometer was used for the first time in a city. Significant results include: (1) Scintillometer-derived sensible heat fluxes, Q_H, obtained at a height 3.5 times the building height agree well with those using the EC technique; (2) source areas for the scintillometer fluxes are larger than for the EC sensors, so that at low heights over inhomogeneous terrain scintillometry offers advantages; (3) new similarity relationships for dissipation rates are proposed for urban areas; (4) a new technique that uses simultaneous scintillation measurements at two heights to directly estimate area-averaged zero-plane displacement height, z_d, is proposed. z_d estimated in this way depends slightly on atmospheric stability (lower z_d under more unstable conditions).  相似文献   

可可西里库赛湖揭示的青藏高原北部近4000年来的干湿变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王永波  刘兴起  羊向东  张恩楼  Ryo Matsumoto 《湖泊科学》2008,20(5):605-612

通过青藏高原北部可可西里库赛湖KS-2006孔(深637cm)沉积岩芯总有机碳、总氮含量及沉积物粒度变化的研究,恢复了该地区近4000年来的干湿变化历史.结果表明,该地区近4000年来经历了显著的干湿变化,干旱时段出现在3900-3590cal aBP、3320-2630cal aBP、1720-1420cal aBP及1100-840cal aBP期间:湿润时段出现在3590-3320cal aBP、2630-1720cal aBP、1420-1100cal aBP以及840cal aBP之后小冰期有效降水升高的相对湿润时期.区域对比分析表明库赛湖地区近4000年来的干湿变化受亚洲季风影响;同时,该地区存在明显的中世纪暖期及小冰期的三次降温事件记录.  相似文献   

Temporal variations of the net Kuroshio transport and its relation to atmospheric variations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shusaku Sugimoto  Kimio Hanawa  Kumiko Narikiyo  Megumi Fujimori  Toshio Suga 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(5):611-619

Temporal variations of the net Kuroshio transport are investigated using long-term hydrographic data from repeat section of the 137°E meridian from the south of Japan (34°N) to New Guinea (1°S) conducted by the Japan Meteorological Agency. In this study, boundaries of the Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Counter Current (KCC) are defined based on the sea surface dynamic height distribution. Westward flows associated with the KCC and cold-core eddy north of the Kuroshio are removed from the eastward flow associated with the Kuroshio in order to estimate the net Kuroshio transport strictly. The net Kuroshio transport reveals low-frequency variations: significant signals on a decadal (about 10-year) timescale. The variations of net Kuroshio transport are predominantly caused by changes in the magnitude of oceanic current speed fields associated with a vertical movement of the main pycnocline depth around the southern boundary of the Kuroshio: deepening of the main pycnocline around the southern boundary of the Kuroshio forms a sharp northern upward-tilting slope of the isopycnal surfaces at the Kuroshio region, and eventually the net Kuroshio transport increases together with the Kuroshio eastward transport. By using a wind-driven hindcast model, it is found that the main pycnocline depth variation results from the first-mode baroclinic Rossby waves attributable to two types of Aleutian Low (AL) changes: a change in the magnitude of AL and meridional movement of AL.  相似文献   

Sedimentary Steryl Chlorin Esters (SCEs) and Other Photosynthetic Pigments as Indicators of Paleolimnological Change Over the Last 28,000 Years from the Buguldeika Saddle of Lake Baikal     

Yuko Soma  Yukinori Tani  Mitsuyuki Soma  Hideo Mitake  Ryo Kurihara  Shinya Hashomoto  Takahiro Watanabe  Toshio Nakamura 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,37(2):163-175

Detailed depth profiles of photosynthetic pigments in a sediment core (G-12) collected at the BDP93 site, the Buguldeika saddle, of south Lake Baikal, along with depth profiles of total organic carbon (TOC) and biogenic silica, were studied to elucidate the temporal changes of phytoplankton assemblages in the lake during the past 28 kyr. In addition to the quantification of carotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-PDA), steryl chlorin esters (SCEs) were analyzed by HPLC-PDA, HPLC-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and sterols in SCEs by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to enrich the taxonomical information on the phytoplankton composition. Allochthonous input of organic matter from the Selenga River resulted in the higher TOC contents in core G-12 than in a previously reported core (G-6) collected at another site from the southern basin. The poorer correlation in core G-12 than in G-6 between TOC and chlorophyll-a-originating pigments, which are indicative of autochthonous production, also indicated a significant allochthonous input at the site. The abundance of lutein among the carotenoids detected, and the good correlation of total chlorophyll a and b shows that green algae represented a significant portion of the phytoplankton, accompanying the diatoms at the G-12 site, after the last glacial period. The presence of cryptomonads and cyanobacteria were confirmed from marker carotenoids in the sediment core. GC–MS analysis of sterols in SCEs detected marker sterols of diatoms, green algae, chrysophytes and dinoflagellates. The depth profiles of the measured indicators gave consistent features for temporal changes in phytoplankton assemblage at the G-12 site of Lake Baikal after the last glacial maximum. Notably, the profile of a chrysophyte-specific sterol in SCEs was consistent with the reported distribution of chrysophyte cysts during the Holocene. The presence of phytoplankton, such as green algae, diatoms and chrysophytes, in Lake Baikal during the late last glacial period was indicated by the analysis of sterols in SCEs. Sedimentary carotenoids and sterols in SCEs were found to give complementary information about phytoplankton composition. These molecular indicators allow us to reconstruct past lake phytoplankton assemblages responding to environmental changes with a time resolution as high as age–depth relationship in sediments attainable at present.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations of stable isotopes in precipitation in midlatitude coastal regions          下载免费PDF全文

Xiaoyang Li  Atsuko Sugimoto  Akihiro Ueta 《水文研究》2017,31(17):3029-3044

Spatial and temporal variations of the isotopic composition of precipitation were investigated to better understand their controlling factors. Precipitation was collected from six locations in Hokkaido, Japan, and event‐based analyses were conducted for a period from March 2010 to February 2013. Relatively low δ values and a high d‐excess for annual averages were observed at three sites located along the Japan Sea compared to the three sites at Pacific Ocean side. Lower δ values in spring and fall and higher d‐excess in winter were observed for the region along the Japan Sea. In total, 264 precipitation events were identified. Precipitation originated predominantly from low‐pressure system (LPS) events, which were classified as northwest (LPS‐NW) and southeast (LPS‐SE) events according to the routes of the low‐pressure center, that passed northwest and southeast of Hokkaido, respectively. LPS‐SE events showed lower δ¹⁸O than LPS‐NW events, which is attributable to the lower δ¹⁸O of water vapor resulting from heavy rainfalls in the upstream region of the LPS air mass trajectories over the Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon observed in Hokkaido can be found in other midlatitude coastal regions and applied for hydrological, atmospheric, and paleoclimate studies. A characteristic spatial pattern was found in LPS‐NW events, in which lower δ¹⁸O was observed on the Japan Sea side than on the Pacific Ocean side in each season. This is likely due to the location of the sampling sites and their distance from the LPS: Precipitation with lower δ¹⁸O in the region along the Japan Sea occurs in a well‐developed cloud system near the low‐pressure center in cold and warm sectors of LPS, whereas precipitation with higher δ¹⁸O on the Pacific side mainly occurs in a warm sector away from the low‐pressure center. Air mass from the north does not always cause low δ in precipitation, and the precipitation process in the upstream region is another important factor controlling the isotopic composition of precipitation, other than the local temperature and precipitation amount.  相似文献   

Assessment of nitrogen loading from the Kiso-Sansen Rivers into Ise Bay using stable isotopes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ryo Sugimoto  Akihide Kasai  Kouichi Fujita  Kenichi Sakaguchi  Tomomi Mizuno 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(2):231-240

Concentrations of particulate organic nitrogen (PN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and their nitrogen isotope ratios (δ ¹⁵N) in the Kiso-Sansen Rivers were determined from monthly observations over the course of a year to assess variations in the form and sources of riverine nitrogen discharged into Ise Bay. The δ ¹⁵N values of NO₃ ⁻ observed in the Kiso-Sansen Rivers showed a logarithmic decreasing trend from 8 to 0‰, which varied with the river discharge, indicating mixing between point sources with high δ ¹⁵N and non-point sources with low δ ¹⁵N. The influence of isotope fractionation of in situ biogeochemical processes (mainly DIN assimilation by phytoplankton) on δ ¹⁵N of NO₃ ⁻ was negligible, because sufficient concentrations of NH₄ ⁺ for phytoplankton demand would inhibit the assimilation of NO₃ ⁻. A simple relationship between river discharge and δ ¹⁵N of NO₃ ⁻ showed that the fraction of total NO₃ ⁻ flux arising from point sources increased from 4.0–6.3% (1.1–1.8 tN day⁻¹) during higher discharge (>600 m³ s⁻¹) to 30.2–48.3% (2.6–4.1 tN day⁻¹) during lower discharge (<300 m³ s⁻¹). Riverine NO₃ ⁻ discharge from the Kiso-Sansen Rivers can explain 75% of the variations in surface NO₃ ⁻ at the head of Ise Bay over the year.  相似文献   

Quasi-decadal modulations of North Pacific Intermediate Water area in the cross section along the 137°E meridian: impact of the Aleutian Low activity     

Shusaku Sugimoto  Kimio Hanawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(4):519-531

Temporal variations of area of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), in the repeat hydrographic section along 137°E meridian conducted by the Japan Meteorological Agency, are investigated using the de-trended variables from 1972 to 2008. Variations of NPIW area show a clear quasi-decadal (about 10 years) modulation and it is caused by the vertical displacement of isopycnal surfaces in the lower portion of NPIW around the northern boundary of its distribution (30–32°N): The downward (upward) movement of isopycnal surfaces in the lower portion of NPIW as a result of the first-mode baroclinic ocean response stretches (shrinks) the density layer equivalent of NPIW and causes strengthening (weakening) of westward flows associated with the Kuroshio Counter Current, and then it can induce an increase (decrease) of volume transport of NPIW from the east. Consequently, the NPIW northern boundary shifts northward (southward) and an increase (decrease) of the NPIW area is induced. Large-scale atmospheric forcing controlling the vertical displacements of isopycnal surfaces is explored using a wind-driven hindcast ocean model. The vertical displacements stem from the first-mode baroclinic ocean response to the two types of Aleutian Low (AL) activities: in particular, the meridional movement of the AL imparts more potential influence on them than the AL intensity variation does.  相似文献