排序方式: 共有170条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
82.
Hartl MG Coughlan BM Sheehan D Mothersill C van Pelt FN O'Reilly SJ Heffron JJ O'Halloran J O'Brien NM 《Marine environmental research》2004,57(4):295-310
We explore the use of the clam Tapes semidecussatus Reeves 1864 as an indicator for the presence of potentially genotoxic substances in estuarine sediments. The limitations associated with the interpretation of Comet assay data (expressed as % DNA in tail) in terms of clam reproductive state, size (age) and thermal exposure history following laboratory acclimation are discussed. Hatchery-reared clams, subjected to ambient temperature fluctuations during growth, were exposed in vivo under laboratory conditions for three weeks to sediment samples collected from a polluted site and a "clean" reference site. The DNA damage observed in haemocytes, gill and digestive gland cells was significantly higher in animals exposed to contaminated sediment compared to those exposed to sediment from the reference site. The extent of DNA damage recorded was not correlated with size (age). Spawning was not observed during the experiment. Nevertheless, clams with well-developed gonads showed a statistically higher degree of DNA damage in gill and digestive gland cells- but not haemocytes, demonstrating an increased sensitivity to potential genotoxic compounds, possibly caused by impaired DNA repair capacity due to reproductive activity. Furthermore, the degree of DNA damage in clams exposed to contaminated sediments was higher in autumn and winter compared to spring and summer, suggesting an effect of seasonal priming. 相似文献
83.
Selenium is a potent reproductive and teratogenic environmental contaminant and there are concerns over possible reproductive effects of selenium on the Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) population, a threatened species, in California, USA. In this study, the teratogenic effects of selenium were examined in splittail embryos exposed to 0.0, 5.0, and 15.0 mg l(-1) sodium selenite for 48-h at 18.0 degrees C under static conditions, with renewal every 12 h. Embryo development was evaluated daily for abnormalities from initiation of exposure (stage 27) to initiation of exogenous feeding. At the end of evaluation, prelarvae were preserved for histological analysis. There were no significant differences in mortality or hatching success between control and exposed embryos. Exposed fish had pericardial edema and deformities of skeletal tissues (loss of tail, lordosis, scoliosis, and kyphosis). Other histological alterations were limited to dysplasia, hyperplasia and metaplasia of skeletal tissues in the deformed fish. This study showed that a short exposure of embryos during somite development has significant effects on the musculoskeletal development. 相似文献
84.
在科技迅速发展的二十一世纪,科技期刊的发展受到了严重的制约,必须全面提高科技期刊的学术质量,争取缩短出版时滞,走集团化的可持续发展之路。 相似文献
85.
Recovery of polluted ecosystems: the case for long-term studies 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Hawkins SJ Gibbs PE Pope ND Burt GR Chesman BS Bray S Proud SV Spence SK Southward AJ Langston WJ 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):215-222
Recovery of marine ecosystems from pollution has tended to receive less attention than the study of new or continuing impacts, but such studies are important in charting recovery from acute incidents and following legislation to deal with chronic contamination. Recovery is inevitably a long-term process, and where such studies have been made they are often too short-lived. Interest quickly wanes following an acute incident and governmental bodies rapidly switch to new legislative priorities for chronic inputs. We review three case studies: recovery of dogwhelk populations after local extinction by tributyl tin leachates from anti-fouling paints; recovery of rocky shore communities from oil spills; and recovery of estuarine ecosystems from industrial and urban development. We then make some generalisations about recovery processes before making a plea for long-term studies of polluted areas. 相似文献
86.
火山边缘是与大量岩浆的侵入和排出有关的被动边缘 ,就象北大西洋 /拉布拉多—巴芬体系一样 ,这种岩浆作用出现在板块解体和早期的大洋扩张期间或之前。解体之前的火山活动形成了大面积的溢流玄武岩 ,面积达 1 0 6km2。陆—洋边界出现了与板块解体同期的火山活动 ,值得注意的是 ,它形成了向海倾斜的厚火山楔形体和火山沉积层 ( SDV) ,后者组成了地震研究中的向海倾斜反射系列 ( SDRS)。在它们的下部 ,SDV也含有解体前的玄武岩。大多数火山边缘似乎发育成与羽状物有关的热软流层。对于这种关系是否有规律还存在争议 ,这里不进行讨论。火… 相似文献
87.
白垩纪温室效应盛行 ,同位素记录、陆源和海洋生物的古生物地理学、树叶外形和对气候敏感的沉积物分布都表明了其温度比目前温暖 ,尤其是在高纬地区 ( Barron,1 983 ;Herman和 Spicer,1 997;Frakes,1 999)。虽然有变暖的证据 ,但是对高纬的环境还是有争议的。已引入南极大陆冰盖来解释白垩纪的短期全球海平面波动 ( Matthews和 Poore,1 980 ;Abreu 等 ,1 998)以及高古纬度地区沉积的上白垩统沉积物中的钙芒硝状方解石和混积岩的存在 ( Kem-per,1 986;Frakes等 ,1 992 )。此外 ,从箭石属和其他大型无脊椎动物的氧同位素数据至少可以看出… 相似文献
88.
根 据 放 射 成 因 (Sr、 Nd和 Pb)同 位 素 组 分 , 大 洋 玄 武 岩 地 球 化 学 研 究 确 定 了 几 种 地 幔 成 分 。 对 大 西 洋 洋 中 脊 南 部 (Discovery和 Shom区 段 )洋 中 脊 玄 武 岩 (MORB)的 最 新 研 究 探 明 了 具 有 同 位 素 极 值 的 地 幔 组 分 LOMU的 存 在 , 它 具 有 低 238U/204Pb(μ )、 低 206Pb/204Pb和 ∈ ND、 高 87Sr/86Sr和 207Pb/204Pb易 变 性 的 特 征 。 科 学 家 认 为 LOMU对 南 大 西 洋 和 印 度 洋 的 地 幔 羽 状 物 有 影 响 , 并 将 其 归 于 冈 瓦 纳 分 裂 之 后 嵌 进 大 洋 上 地 幔 的 次 大 陆 岩 石 圈 的 残 余 物 质 。 这 里 , 我 们 报 道 了 从 南 大 西 洋 海 岭 发 现 的 高 Mg安 山 质 火 山 玻 璃 , 其 Sr- Nd- Pb同 位 素 组 分 与 LOMU极 其 相 似 。 因 此 , 这 种 火 山 玻 璃 可 能 代 表 了 LOMU型 来 源 的 未 污 染 的 熔 融 物 , 可 用 来 研 究 LOMU和 地 幔 的 成 分 特 征 。 相似文献
89.
气体水合物是由天然气和水组成的固状物质 ,广泛分布于加拿大极地和大陆架地区以及外陆架边缘的沉积物中。虽然水合物的直接标志很少并且分散 ,但是有些环境有利于气体水合物的形成和保存 ,如永冻区或深海之下的低温环境 ,这些条件与适当的地质条件结合起来益于气体水合物的生成和储集 ,加拿大此类地区面积很大 ,表明那里许多沉积盆地的上部2km深处含有巨大的天然烃气储量。我们对加拿大大陆和北冰洋永冻区的气体水合物潜力(北方的马更些三角洲—波弗特海和北冰洋半岛以及加拿大大西洋边缘和加拿大太平洋边缘的戴维斯海峡、拉布拉多陆架… 相似文献
90.
欧洲贫有机物的海洋碳酸盐可以很好地说明众所周知的托阿尔早期的碳同位素正偏移 ,而海洋有机质以及相关的碳酸盐则主要记录了负偏移(以前认为后者主要为成岩成因)。缺失有机物的特提斯期灰岩的碳同位素也存在负偏移 ,其在阿尔伯特阶则极少出现。总之 ,这些δ13C曲线记录了一个同位素值缓慢上升的阶段 ,其同位素值首先被一个负偏移间断 ,然后突然变为正偏移。英格兰约克郡的HawskerBottoms剖面提供了海洋有机物中负偏移的详细资料。这种偏移与黑页岩沉积作用和高分辨率鲕状岩生物地层学的关系很容易确定。也出现了木化石… 相似文献