Long-time variation of soil CO2 fluxes at the summit crater of Vulcano (Italy)     

Salvatore Inguaggiato  Lorenzo Calderone  Claudio Inguaggiato  Agnes Mazot  Sabina Morici  Fabio Vita 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(8):1859-1863

Here, we report the first continuous data of geochemical parameters acquired directly from the active summit crater of Vulcano. This approach provides a means to better investigate deep geochemical processes associated with the degassing system of Vulcano Island. In particular, we report on soil CO₂ fluxes from the upper part of Vulcano, a closed-conduit volcano, from September 2007 to October 2010. Large variations in the soil CO₂ and plume SO₂ fluxes (order of magnitude), coinciding with other discontinuous geochemical parameters (CO₂ concentrations in fumarole gas) and physical parameters (increase of shallow seismic activity and fumarole temperatures) have been recorded. The results from this work suggest new prospects for strengthening geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity and for improving the constraints in the construction of a “geochemical model”, this being a necessary condition to better understand the functioning of volcanic systems.  相似文献   

Occurrence probability of moderate to large earthquakes in Italy based on new geophysical methods     

Dario Slejko  Alessandro Caporali  Mark Stirling  Salvatore Barba 《Journal of Seismology》2010,14(1):27-51

We develop new approaches to calculating 30-year probabilities for occurrence of moderate-to-large earthquakes in Italy. Geodetic techniques and finite-element modelling, aimed to reproduce a large amount of neotectonic data using thin-shell finite element, are used to separately calculate the expected seismicity rates inside seismogenic areas (polygons containing mapped faults and/or suspected or modelled faults). Thirty-year earthquake probabilities obtained from the two approaches show similarities in most of Italy: the largest probabilities are found in the southern Apennines, where they reach values between 10% and 20% for earthquakes of M _W ≥ 6.0, and lower than 10% for events with an M _W ≥ 6.5.  相似文献   

Speedup of post earthquake community recovery: the case of precast industrial buildings after the Emilia 2012 earthquake   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

F. Braga  R. Gigliotti  G. Monti  F. Morelli  C. Nuti  W. Salvatore  I. Vanzi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(5):2405-2418

The Emilia, May–July 2012, earthquake hit a highly industrialized area, where some tens thousands industrial buldings, mainly single storey precast structures, are located. Due to the likelihood of strong after shocks and the high vulnerability of these structures, the authorities first asked for a generalized seismic retrofit after the strong shakings of May 20th. In order to accelerate community recovery, this requirement was later loosened, leaving out the buildings which had undergone a strong enough shaking without any damage; the strong enough shaking was defined with reference to the ultimate limit state design earthquake. To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time that the information on the earthquake intensity and structural damage is used for such a large scale post earthquake simplified safety assessment. In short, the earthquake was used as large experimental test. This paper shows the details of the models and computations made to identify the industrial buildings which have been considered earthquake tested and therefore not compelled to mandatory seismic retrofit. Since earthquake indirect (e.g. due to economic halt) costs may be as large the direct ones, or even larger, it is believed that this method may considerably lower the earthquake total costs and speed up the social and economic recovery of a community.  相似文献   

A late paleo-Indian/Early archaic water well in Mexico—Possible oldest water-Management feature in the new world     

S. Christopher Caran  James A. Neely  Barbara M. Winsborough  Francisca Ramirez Sorensen  Salvatore Valastro 《Geoarchaeology》1996,11(1):1-35

A filled prehistoric water well discovered at the village of San Marcos Necoxtla, Puebla, Mexico, may be the oldest directly dated water-management feature in the Americas. The ∼10 m stratigraphic section exposed at this remarkable site records 18,000+ yr of deposition, erosion, water-table and hydrochemical fluctuations, and ≥10,000 yr of continual occupation. Temporal control is afforded by a multicomponent cultural chronology and radiocarbon assays by conventional and experimental techniques. The ∼10 m wide, ∼5 m deep well was excavated, utilized, maintained, and filled with cultural material between <9863 and ≫5950 yr B.P., a span of ≪3913 yr. Ages of other reported Late Pleistocene(?) to Middle Holocene wells in the New World are based on indirect or questionable dating, or are ≤6600 yr. Because of its age and continuity of occupation, the San Marcos Necoxtla well site may help define the nature of the peopling of the Americas and the advent of New World agriculture. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

Contribution of CO2 and H2S emitted to the atmosphere by plume and diffuse degassing from volcanoes: the Etna volcano case study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pedro A. Hernández  Gladys Melián  Salvatore Giammanco  Francesco Sortino  José Barrancos  Nemesio M. Pérez  Eleazar Padrón  Manuela López  Amy Donovan  Toshiya Mori  Kenji Notsu 《Surveys in Geophysics》2015,36(3):327-349

  相似文献   

A novel shell element for nonlinear pushover analysis of reinforced concrete shear walls     

Nunziante Valoroso  Francesco Marmo  Salvatore Sessa 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2015,13(8):2367-2388

  相似文献   

Further studies on “magnetosensitive bacteria”   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

Salvatore Bellini 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(1):6-12

Various experimental techniques for study of magnetosensitive bacteria are described and the experimental results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Seismological constraints on the 2018 Mt. Etna (Italy) flank eruption and implications for the flank dynamics of the volcano     

Salvatore Alparone  Graziella Barberi  Elisabetta Giampiccolo  Vincenza Maiolino  Antonino Mostaccio  Carla Musumeci  Antonio Scaltrito  Luciano Scarfì  Tiziana Tuv  Andrea Ursino 《地学学报》2020,32(5):334-344

3D earthquake locations, focal mechanisms and stress tensor distribution in a 16‐month interval covering the 2018 Mt. Etna flank eruption, enabled us to investigate the relationship between magma intrusion and structural response of the volcano and shed light on the dynamic processes affecting the instability of Mt. Etna. The magma intrusion likely caused tension in the flanks of the volcano, leading to significant ground deformation and redistribution of stress on the neighbouring faults at the edge of Mt. Etna's unstable sector, encouraging the ESE sliding of the eastern flank of the volcano. Accordingly, FPSs of the post‐eruptive events show strike slip faulting mechanisms, under a stress regime characterized by a maximum compressive σ₁, NE‐SW oriented. In this perspective, any flank eruption could temporarily enhance the sliding process of both the southern and eastern flanks of the volcano.  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional vorticity and time‐constrained evolution of the Main Central Thrust zone,Garhwal Himalaya (NW India)     

Chiara Montemagni  Rodolfo Carosi  Nicoletta Fusi  Salvatore Iaccarino  Chiara Montomoli  Igor M. Villa  Stefano Zanchetta 《地学学报》2020,32(3):215-224

Vorticity estimates based on porphyroclasts analysis are limited by the extrapolation to three dimensions of two‐dimensional data. We describe a 3D approach based on the use of X‐ray micro‐computed tomography that better reflects the real 3D geometry of the porphyroclasts population. This new approach for kinematic vorticity analysis in the Munsiari Thrust mylonites, the lower boundary of the Main Central Thrust zone (MCTz) in Indian Himalaya, indicates a large pure shear component during non‐coaxial shearing. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of micas along the mylonitic foliation of the Munsiari and Vaikrita thrusts (the upper boundary of the MCTz) constrain thrust activity to 5–4 and 8–9 Ma, respectively. Available kinematic vorticity analyses of the Vaikrita mylonites suggest the dominance of a simple shear component. Combining these data, we suggest that the southward and structurally downward shift of deformation along the MCTz was accompanied by a progressive increase in the pure shear component in a general shear flow.  相似文献   

Exploiting the use of physical information for the calibration of a lumped hydrological model          下载免费PDF全文

Salvatore Manfreda  Leonardo Mita  Silvano Fortunato Dal Sasso  Caterina Samela  Leonardo Mancusi 《水文研究》2018,32(10):1420-1433

In hydrological modelling, the challenge is to identify an optimal strategy to exploit tools and available observations in order to enhance model reliability. The increasing availability of data promotes the use of new calibration techniques able to make use of additional information on river basins. In the present study, a lumped hydrological model—designed with the aim of utilizing remotely sensed data—is introduced and calibrated, adopting four different schemes that adopt, to varying extents, available physical information. The physically consistent conceptualization of the hydrological model used allowed development of a step by step calibration based on a combination of information, such as remotely sensed data describing snow cover, recession curves obtained from streamflow measurements, and time series of surface run‐off obtained with a baseflow mathematical filter applied to the streamflow time‐series. Results suggest that the use of physical information in the calibration procedure tends to increase model reliability with respect to approaches where the parameters are calibrated using an overall statistic based, considerably or exclusively, on streamflow data.  相似文献