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161.
River streamflow monitoring is currently facing a transformation due to the emerging of new innovative technologies. Fixed and mobile measuring systems are capable of quantifying surface flow velocities and discharges, relying on video acquisitions. This camera-gauging framework is sensitive to what the camera can “observe” but also to field circumstances such as challenging weather conditions, river background transparency, transiting seeding characteristics, among others. This short communication paper introduces the novel idea of optimizing image velocimetry techniques selecting the most informative sequence of frames within the available video. The selection of the optimal frame window is based on two reasonable criteria: (a) the maximization of the number of frames, subject to (b) the minimization of the recently introduced dimensionless seeding distribution index (SDI). SDI combines seeding characteristics such as seeding density and spatial clustering of tracers, which are used as a proxy to enhance the reliability of image velocimetry techniques. Two field case studies were considered as a proof-of-concept of the proposed framework, on which seeding metrics were estimated and averaged in time to select the proper application window. The selected frames were analysed using LSPIV to estimate the surface flow velocities and river discharge. Results highlighted that the proposed framework might lead to a significant error reduction. In particular, the computed discharge errors, at the optimal portion of the footage, were about 0.40% and 0.12% for each case study, respectively. These values were lower than those obtained, considering all frames available. 相似文献
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Angelo Ferro Salvatore Gambino Stefano Panepinto Giuseppe Falzone Giuseppe Laudani Bernard Ducarme 《Acta Geophysica》2011,59(3):618-632
In 2007–2008, we installed on Mt. Etna two deep tilt stations using high resolution, self-leveling instruments. These installations
are a result of accurate instrument tests, site selection, drilling and sensor positioning that has allowed detecting variations
related to the principal diurnal and semidiurnal tides for first time on Mt. Etna using tilt data. 相似文献
166.
In this paper a new kinematic and dynamic model on the Recent and active contractional deformation of the Catania region, eastern Sicily, is discussed. The study area represents one of the most seismically active region of the Mediterranean, located at the intersection between the front of the Sicily collision belt and the seismogenic Siculo-Calabrian Rift-Zone. The analysed contractional tectonics form an active triangle zone that originated from the tectonic inversion of a Lower-Middle Pleistocene extensional basin, which was located at the northern edge of the African foreland. The triangle zone consists of two antithetic ENE–WSW oriented thrust-ramps that show evidence of motion during the Holocene and bound a folded belt that involves alluvial deposits as young as 40 ka. These contractional structures represent the final product of the positive tectonic inversion of extensional features located, in the Hyblean Plateau in SE Sicily, along the flank of the active rift zone. The Late Quaternary motions along the inverted structures was accommodated to the west by a major N–S oriented left-lateral fault zone, which separates the active contractional domains from the adjacent sectors of the African margin. As a whole, the Late Quaternary contractional tectonics of SE Sicily have been related to a NW-verging crustal stacking, related to a Mantle intrusion beneath the Hyblean Plateau that developed as effect of the rift-flank deformation. The crustal lineaments, which compose the new kinematic model, represents potentially active seismogenic sources that might be considered in the frame of the seismotectonic picture of the Catania region. 相似文献
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168.
Luca Caracciolo Salvatore Critelli Fabrizio Innocenti Niko Kolios Piero Manetti 《Sedimentology》2013,60(3):865-869
169.
Application and validation of bivariate GIS-based landslide susceptibility assessment for the Vitravo river catchment (Calabria,south Italy) 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Massimo Conforti Gaetano Robustelli Francesco Muto Salvatore Critelli 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(1):127-141
The Calabria (Southern Italy) region is characterized by many geological hazards among which landslides, due to the geological,
geomorphological, and climatic characteristics, constitute one of the major cause of significant and widespread damage. The
present work aims to exploit a bivariate statistics-based approach for drafting a landslide susceptibility map in a specific
scenario of the region (the Vitravo River catchment) to provide a useful and easy tool for future land planning. Landslides
have been detected through air-photo interpretation and field surveys, by identifying both the landslide detachment zones
(LDZ) and landslide bodies; a geospatial database of predisposing factors has been constructed using the ESRI ArcView 3.2
GIS. The landslide susceptibility has been assessed by computing the weighting values (Wi) for each class of the predisposing factors (lithology, proximity to fault and drainage line, land use, slope angle, aspect,
plan curvature), thus evaluating the distribution of the landslide detachment zones within each class. The extracted predisposing
factors maps have then been re-classified on the basis of the calculated weighting values (Wi) and by means of overlay processes. Finally, the landslide susceptibility map has been considered by five classes. It has
been determined that a high percentage (61%) of the study area is characterized by a high to very high degree of susceptibility;
clay and marly lithologies, and slope exceeding 20° in inclination would be much prone to landsliding. Furthermore, in order
to ascertain the proposed landslide susceptibility estimate, a validation procedure has been carried out, by splitting the
landslide detachment zones into two groups: a training and a validation set. By means of the training set, the susceptibility
map has first been produced; then, it has been compared with the validation set. As a result, a great majority of LDZ-validation
set (85%) would be located in highly and very highly susceptible areas. The predictive power of the model is considered reliable,
since more than 50% of the LDZ fall into 20% of the most susceptible areas. The reliability of the susceptibility map is also
suggested by computing the SCAI index, true positive and false positive rates; nevertheless, the most susceptible areas are
overestimated. As a whole, the results indicate that landslide susceptibility assessment based on a bivariate statistics-based
method in a GIS environment may be useful for land planning policy, especially when considering its cost/benefit ratio and
the need of using an easy tool. 相似文献
170.
M. Badalassi A. Braconi S. Caprili W. Salvatore 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(6):2249-2285
Among the resisting systems suitable for the design of ductile steel structures, Eurocode 8 proposes MRFs and EBFs. The formers are considered more efficient in terms of ductility, but they suffer a strong weakness in the lateral stiffness, with following cumbersome design procedures to avoid excessive lateral displacements maintaining a quite high ductile behaviour under seismic actions. Often, the design process leads to not optimized structural members, oversized with respect to the minimum seismic requirements due to lateral deformation limitations. EBFs combine high lateral stiffness, due to bracing elements, and high dissipative capacities, provided by the plastic hinges developed in links. Eurocode 8 proposes a design procedure for EBF structures in which iterative checks are required to design links with a defined level resistance dependent on all the other links’ strength. The present paper investigates the seismic behaviour of EBFs using Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA) to explore their mechanical response under increasing seismic action. IDAs are executed considering the influence of variability of steel mechanical properties on the behaviour of EBFs, using seven artificial accelerograms according to Eurocode 8. The aims of IDAs are the probabilistic assessment of the response of the system with respect to the variability of the material properties, the analysis of structural safety and the ability of the structures to internally redistribute plastic phenomena during the earthquake. Structural safety conditions will be defined according to a multi-level performance approach. The paper presents also some final suggestions for possible improvements and design simplifications. 相似文献