高密度地震观测揭示的2004年新潟县中部地震的凹凸体和障碍体     

A.Kato  T.Miyatake  N.Hirata  袁志祥 《世界地震译丛》2011,(2)

使用由极密集的临时地震台台网观测的余震到时,阐明了2004年新潟县中部地震主震断层的高分辨率速度结构。评估了速度结构与滑动、应力变化及余震分布的空间关系。根据运动学滑动模型,结合三维地壳结构,计算了断层上静态应力降的分布。具有低余震活动性的高速体十分接近主震的震源,并扩展到了断层的东北侧。该高速体大致与凹凸体重合,其同震滑动量和静态应力降高于周边地区。相比之下,在该高速体的浅外围观测到了负应力降区,沉积厚度向西南方向急剧增加且该区余震活动频繁。我们认为断层破坏区周围围岩的结构非均匀性具有控制主震断层动态破裂过程的显著潜势。  相似文献   

Redox history of the Three Gorges region during the Ediacaran and Early Cambrian as indicated by the Fe isotope     

Yusuke Sawaki  Miyuki Tahata  Tsuyoshi Komiya  Takafumi Hirata  Jian Han  Degan Shu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(1):155-172

The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition is characterized by numerous events such as the emergence of large multi-cellular metazoans and surface environmental disturbances.Based on geological evidence,it has been proposed that this transition coincided with the increase in the atmospheric oxygen level that was key to the evolution of life.Even though ancient redox conditions can be inferred from the composition of sedimentary iron mineral species,this method is not necessarily applicable to all rocks.In the Earth system,the cycling of iron is of considerable interest owing to its sensitivity to redox conditions.Information regarding the paleo-oceanic iron cycle is revealed in the iron isotopic composition of ironbearing minerals.Unfortunately,only limited iron isotopic data exists for Ediacaran-to Cambrianperiod oceans.To circumvent this deficiency,we drilled a fossiliferous Ediacaran to Early Cambrian sedimentary succession in the Three Gorges region,South China.We analyzed the iron isotope ratios(δ~(56/54)Fe)of pyrite grains in the drill cores using laser ablation multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The results demonstrate large variations inδ~(56/54)Fe,from-1.6 to 1.6‰,and positive iron isotope ratios are observed in many successions.The presence of positiveδ~(56/54)Fe in pyrite indicates that the ferrous iron in the seawater was partially oxidized,suggesting that seawater at Three Gorges was ferruginous during the Ediacaran and Early Cambrian periods.However,aggregated pyrite grains in organic carbon-rich black shales at Member 4 of the Doushantuo Formation and the base of the Shuijingtuo Formation yield near-zeroδ~(56/54)Fe values;this suggests that the ocean was transiently dominated by sulfidic conditions during these periods.Notably negativeδ~(56/54)Fe values,lower than-1‰,can be interpreted as a signature of DIR.The DIR also might contribute in part to the re-mineralization of organic matter during the largest negative carbon isotope anomaly in the Ediacaran.  相似文献   

Ellipticity of dark matter haloes with galaxy–galaxy weak lensing     

Rachel Mandelbaum  Christopher M. Hirata  Tamara Broderick  Uro&#; Seljak  Jonathan Brinkmann 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(2):1008-1024

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Nonradial oscillations in zeta ophiuchi in 1991     

E. Kambe  H. Ando  R. Hirata 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,210(1-2):219-221

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The aquifer pollution vulnerability concept: aid or impediment in promoting groundwater protection?     

Stephen Foster  Ricardo Hirata  Bartolome Andreo 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(7):1389-1392

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Behavior of zircon in the upper-amphibolite to granulite facies schist/migmatite transition, Ryoke metamorphic belt, SW Japan: constraints from the melt inclusions in zircon     

Tetsuo Kawakami  Isao Yamaguchi  Akira Miyake  Tomoyuki Shibata  Kenshi Maki  Takaomi D. Yokoyama  Takafumi Hirata 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,165(3):575-591

Behavior of zircon at the schist/migmatite transition is investigated. Syn-metamorphic overgrowth is rare in zircon in schists, whereas zircon in migmatites has rims with low Th/U that give 90.3 ± 2.2 Ma U–Pb concordia age. Between inherited core and the metamorphic rim, a thin, dark-CL annulus containing melt inclusion is commonly developed, suggesting that it formed contemporaneous with the rim in the presence of melt. In diatexites, the annulus is further truncated by the brighter-CL overgrowth, suggesting the resorption and regrowth of the zircon after near-peak metamorphism. Part of the zircon rim crystallized during the solidification of the melt in migmatites. Preservation of angular-shaped inherited core of 5–10 μm in zircon included in garnet suggests that zircon of this size did not experience resorption but developed overgrowths during near-peak metamorphism. The Ostwald ripening process consuming zircon less than 5–10 μm is required to form new overgrowths. Curved crystal size distribution pattern for fine-grained zircons in a diatexite sample may indicate the contribution of this process. Zircon less than 20 μm is confirmed to be an important sink of Zr in metatexites, and ca. 35-μm zircon without detrital core are common in diatexites, supporting new nucleation of zircon in migmatites. In the Ryoke metamorphic belt at the Aoyama area, monazite from migmatites records the prograde growth age of 96.5 ± 1.9 Ma. Using the difference of growth timing of monazite and zircon, the duration of metamorphism higher than the amphibolite facies grade is estimated to be ca. 6 Myr.  相似文献   

Is the empirical coefficient b for the relaxed eddy accumulation method constant?     

Ayaka Sakabe  Masahito Ueyama  Yoshiko Kosugi  Ken Hamotani  Takashi Hirano  Ryuichi Hirata 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2014,71(1):79-94

The relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method is an attractive alternative to the eddy covariance method to measure trace-gas flux, because it allows the use of analyzers with an optimal integration time to reduce the noise. However, the use of an empirical coefficient b results in uncertainties in the REA method. The consistency of b for temperature was investigated using a 1 year dataset obtained at three forest sites in East Asia: a temperate evergreen coniferous forest, a tropical evergreen broadleaf forest, and a cool-temperate deciduous coniferous forest. The observational b ranged from 0.54 to 0.57 under unstable conditions. Although the values for observational b were within narrow ranges among the sites, there were slight site-specific differences. We introduced new expression of b, similarity b, based on scalar similarity using the integral turbulence characteristics to investigate the nature of b. Both the observational and similarity b increased with increasing atmospheric stability under stable conditions, when lower values for the standard deviation of the vertical wind velocity resulted in higher values for b. The variations in b under stable conditions differed among sites. There were no seasonal variations in the observational b at all sites. Consequently, the present study recommends determining the coefficient b for unstable conditions for each site and considering changes in b associated with atmospheric stability in order to minimize errors in the REA method.  相似文献   

Relationship between age of waste and natural electric potential generation in Sanitary Landfill     

César Augusto Moreira  Antonio Celso de Oliveira Braga  Letícia Hirata Godoy  Diego de Sousa Sardinha 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(4):375-383

The geophysical methods are effective tools for determining changes in physical parameters of the geological environment, as soil or groundwater in the presence of contamination. This work consisted on analyzing the natural electric potential obtained over domestic solid waste ditches with controlled closure dates. The interpretation data suggest the generation of electric potential predominantly through the redox phenomenon, as opposed to the flow potential phenomenon. The statistical data analysis indicates a correlation between residence time of the waste and growing variations of voltage. In addition highlights that eight years are required to achieve the reported values for the area with absence of waste, time estimated for decomposition of most organic matter contained in the buried waste.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of microearthquakes beneath the Japan Trench from ocean bottom seismographic observations     

N. Hirata  T. Yamada  H. Shimamura  H. Inatani  K. Suyehiro 《Geophysical Journal International》1983,73(3):653-669

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Zircon U–Pb ages from tuff beds of the upper Mesozoic Tetori Group in the Shokawa district,Gifu Prefecture,central Japan†     

Nao Kusuhashi  Ai Matsumoto  Masaki Murakami  Takahiro Tagami  Takafumi Hirata  Tsuyoshi Iizuka  Takeshi Handa  Hiroshige Matsuoka 《Island Arc》2006,15(3):378-390

Abstract The upper Mesozoic Tetori Group contains numerous fossils of plants and marine and non‐marine animals. The group has the potential to provide key information to improve our understanding of the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous biota of East Asia. However, the depositional age of the Tetori Group remains uncertain, and without good age constraints, accurate correlation with other areas is very difficult. As a first step in obtaining reliable ages for the formations within the Tetori Group, we used laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to measure the U–Pb ages of zircons collected from tuff beds in the Shokawa district, Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. The youngest reliable U–Pb ages from the tuff beds of the Ushimaru, Mitarai and Okurodani Formations are 130.2 ± 1.7, 129.8 ± 1.0 and 117.5 ± 0.7 Ma, respectively (errors represent 2 SE). These results indicate that the entire Tetori Group in the Shokawa district, which was previously believed to be correlated to the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous, is in fact correlated to the Lower Cretaceous. The maximum ages of the Ushimaru, Mitarai and Okurodani Formations are late Hauterivian to Barremian, late Hauterivian to Barremian and Barremian to Aptian, respectively.  相似文献