An evaluation of progress in implementing ecosystem-based management of fisheries in 33 countries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tony J. Pitcher  Daniela Kalikoski  Katherine Short  Divya Varkey  Ganapathiraju Pramod 《Marine Policy》2009

The performance of 33 countries was evaluated for ecosystem-based management (EBM) of fisheries in three fields (principles, criteria and implementation) using quantitative ordination including uncertainty. No country rated overall as ‘good’, only four countries were ‘adequate’, while over half received ‘fail’ grades. A few developing countries performed better than many developed nations. Two case studies test the method. In Indonesia, Raja Ampat and Papua, rated similar to the national evaluation, but better performance might follow successful implementation of a planned EBM initiative. A workshop in Australia rated regional fisheries managed by New South Wales 20% lower for EBM than federally managed fisheries.  相似文献   

Evaluation of bioavailable hydrocarbon sources and their induction potential in Prince William Sound, Alaska.   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Kathrine R Springman  Jeffrey W Short  Mandy Lindeberg  Stanley D Rice 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):218-220

To realistically evaluate the consequences of exposure to a complex mixture, we modified a passive sampler technology, the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), which absorbs the bioavailable hydrophobic organic compounds present in an environment. These samplers were deployed in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, at locations selected as potential sites of hydrocarbon deposition, as well as in random sites for regional assessment.Some of these sites were affected by previous human activity, such as canneries and salmon hatcheries, while others were sites of oil discharge as a consequence of the 1964 earthquake or the oil spill of T/V Exxon Valdez in 1989. The SPMDs were deployed for 27-28 d, processed, and then split, with one aliquot dedicated to chemical analysis and the other injected into juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), along with the proper controls including a solvent control, field blank, and positive control. Trout fry were sacrificed after 2 or 7d, and their livers assayed for CYP1A induction by the standard bioassay for hydrocarbon exposure, the ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) assay. The results of this study were consistent and reproducible and showed that oil, whether deposited in 1964 or 1989, is still bioavailable as it can elicit as sustained response. Also, the same oil deposited in different sites of the same region has degraded differently, which is demonstrated by this method. Other putative sources of hydrocarbons, such as oil seeps, were dismissed as regional sources of induction agents as the responses following injection of modified SPMD extract from those sites did not differ significantly from the solvent control. This is a flexible, sensitive method that assesses the response to site-specific bioavailable contaminants and does so within the normal physiological response range of the target.  相似文献   

The Functions and Values of Fringing Salt Marshes in Northern New England,USA     

Pamela A. Morgan  David M. Burdick  Frederick T. Short 《Estuaries and Coasts》2009,32(3):483-495

We compared the functions and values of fringing salt marshes to those of meadow marshes along the southern Maine/New Hampshire coast. Differences included soil organic matter content, plant species richness, and percent cover of high and low-marsh species. More sediment was trapped per unit area in fringing marshes than in meadow marshes, but this difference was not significant. Similarities included aboveground and belowground peak season biomass and the ability to dampen wave energy. Both marsh types reduced the height of waves coming onto the marsh surface by 63% only 7 m into the marsh. Fringing marshes are diverse in terms of their physical characteristics (width, length, slope, elevation, soils). Despite their small size, they are valuable components of estuaries, performing many ecological functions to the same degree as nearby meadow marshes. More effort should be made to include them in regional efforts to conserve and restore coastal habitats.  相似文献   

云南个旧卡房铜矿床地质地球化学特征及其成因探讨   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨宗喜  毛景文  陈懋弘  程彦博  常勇 《岩石学报》2010,26(3):830-844

云南个旧是世界上最大的锡多金属矿田,卡房铜矿是个旧矿田主要的产铜区。卡房铜矿主要的矿床类型有两类:玄武岩层中或玄武岩与大理岩层间的似层状矿体以及花岗岩与围岩接触带矿体。围岩蚀变主要有夕卡岩化、阳起石化和金云母化。电子探针分析结果显示,卡房铜矿夕卡岩中的辉石主要为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,石榴子石端元组分以钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石为主。流体包裹体及氢、氧同位素研究显示,从主成矿期到后成矿期,流体温度有显著降低(从260～360℃到160～280℃),而流体盐度则基本保持不变(从1.74%～12.51%到1.74%～11.93%)。氢、氧同位素组成表明,早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,而晚期成矿流体可能在上升过程中与地层中的大气降水相混合。硫同位素分析结果表明,卡房铜矿似层状矿体中硫化物的硫来源于三叠系玄武岩,而燕山期花岗岩和三叠纪玄武岩共同为卡房铜矿接触带矿体提供了成矿所需的大部分的硫。铅同位素分析结果显示,卡房铜矿似层状矿体的成矿物质主要来源于三叠系玄武岩,而接触带矿体的铅可能主要来源于燕山期花岗岩。  相似文献   

云南瓦渣钨矿区老君山花岗岩体的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及成因探讨   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8  

冯佳睿  毛景文  裴荣富  周振华  杨宗喜 《岩石学报》2010,26(3):845-857

云南省瓦渣钨矿区位于老君山花岗岩体的东北接触带,属于滇东南-桂西白垩纪钨锡多金属成矿区中的组成部分。该矿床与矿区西部大面积分布的老君山第一期中粗粒二云二长花岗岩在时间和成因上有着密切联系。本文通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年、岩石主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的系统研究,进而探讨该花岗岩的形成年龄和动力学背景、岩石物质来源以及形成温度和压力。研究表明,与瓦渣钨矿床有关的中粗粒二云二长花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性岩系,为强过铝质S型花岗岩。岩体形成时代为83.3±1.5Ma,属于晚白垩世,形成于岩石圈伸展环境,其源岩为富粘土的泥质来源,其形成温度为875～900℃,压力约为7×108Pa,相当于深度为26km。  相似文献   

National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis     

Nicholas M. Short Jr  Leonard Dickens 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):47-52

Abstract

Abstract. The growth of the remote sensing field has caused and explosion in the size and complexity of Earth satellite image databases. The explosion of data is already challenging current satellite-based GIS databases. New technologies for information management will be required in the future to maintain these large geographically-oriented systems created by projects such as NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). This paper presents a technology adapted from the planning/scheduling field in Artificial Intelligence (AI) that promises to automate and facilitate the process of creating and storing satellite images and their associated data products.  相似文献   

Could the Ancestral Puebloans of Chaco Canyon,New Mexico,Have Depended on a Groundwater Ecosystem?     

Henry L. Short 《Ground water》2021,59(6):925-934

A thousand years ago, a population of Ancestral Puebloans occupied a high desert canyon in northwestern New Mexico, USA, where precipitation was limited and surface water scarce. Geological conditions, however, seem favorable for the production of a large Hypocrene springs system near the south canyon walls sufficient to have produced a groundwater ecosystem favorable for agriculture, tree growth, and human occupancy. A human-induced ecological impact is suggested as contributing to the dewatering of the springs, eventually reducing local agricultural production and, presumably, the suitability of Chaco Canyon for human occupancy.  相似文献   

The gamma ray lens – an ESA technology reference study     

Craig Brown  Nicola Rando  Alexander Short  Aleksander Lyngvi  Tone Peacock 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,20(1-3):279-288

  相似文献   

Cultural Globalization,Global English,and Geography Journals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Rennie Short  Armando Boniche  Yeong Kim  Patrick Li Li 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(1):1-11

In this paper we review the debate on cultural globalization and examine the rise of English as a form of global communication. The implications of these trends for the geographical community are discussed in an analysis of the use of English in geography journals. We note the increasing number of journals published in English, measure the proportion of contributions from non‐English‐speaking countries in English language journals, and note the language practice of selected journals. We conclude that there has been a trend towards linguistic homogenization and raise the question: what are the implications of a geographical discourse dominated by just one language?  相似文献   

Chenier research on the Australian coast     

Andrew D. Short 《Marine Geology》1989,90(4):345-351

Cheniers occur in numerous locations across northern Australia, principally in association with river mouths and adjacent riverine and tidal mudflats. This region is characterised by hot wet summers, warm dry winters, meso-macro tidal ranges, low waves, tropical cyclones (hurricanes) and mangrove forests, all of which play a role in chenier evolution. A few chenier sites exist in arid regions of southern Australia where all sediments are of in-situ biogenic and marine origin. Studies of Australian cheniers commenced in the 1970's and now encompass all regions, although many specific sites remain uninvestigated.  相似文献