Registrazione dei bradisismi costieri     

Dr. Silvio Polli 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1948,12(3-4):113-120

Riassunto Si descrive un procedimento di livellazione mareografica mediante il quale è possibile determinare la misura di un movimento verticale costiero in senso assoluto, cioè indipendentemente dai moti relativi della costa e del livello medio marino. Esso si basa sulla determinazione delle velocità dell'aumento (aumento in un dato intervallo di tempo) del livello medio marino di tutti i mari e di quella contemporanea della stazione in esame. Queste determinazioni rendono possibile di stabilire un piano fondamentale invariabile nel tempo e nello spazio. Si mette inoltre in evidenza come il procedimento possa dare una precisione che arriva sino al mm su zone costiere lunghe centinaia di km. Si confronta la livellazione mareografica con quella geometrica di precisione. Sono dati infine i risultati di una applicazione al caso delle coste italiane.

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Zusammenfassung Man beschreibt ein Verfahren für eine mareographische Nivellierung womit man eine absolute vertikale Küstenbewegung bemessen kann und zwar unabh?ngig von der relativen Bewegung der Küste und des mittleren Wasserniveaus. Das Verfahren begründet sich auf die Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeiten der Zunahme (Zunahme in einer bestimmten Zwischenzeit) des mittleren Wasserniveaus aller Meere und von der gleichzeitigen Geschwindigkeit der Zunahme der mareographischen Station die geprüft werden soll. Mit diesen Bestimmungen ist es m?glich ein fondamentales Niveau unver?ndert in Zeit und Raume festzustellen. Man bezeigt ausserdem wie das Verfahren eine Pr?zision eines mm für 200–400 km Küstenl?nge geben kann. Man vergleicht die mareographische mit der geometrischen Nivellierung. Man gibt die Resultate der Anwendung dieses Verfahrens an der italienischen Küste.

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The Serra da Graciosa A-type Granites and Syenites, southern Brazil: Part 2: Petrographic and mineralogical evolution of the alkaline and aluminous associations     

Guilherme A.R. Gualda  Silvio R.F. Vlach 《Lithos》2007,93(3-4):310-327

The Serra da Graciosa Granites and Syenites comprise five distinct plutons in the Brasiliano/Pan-African Graciosa A-type Province, southern Brazil. Six petrographic series can be identified in these plutons: (1) Alkaline series 1, composed of amphibole-bearing alkali feldspar syenites with varied mafic mineralogy and quartz contents, from alkali feldspar syenites with calcic amphibole, clinopyroxene, olivine and allanite to alkali feldspar quartz syenites with sodic–calcic amphibole and chevkinite–perrierite and to alkali feldspar granites with sodic amphibole; (2) Alkaline series 2, characterized by amphibole-bearing alkali feldspar granites, with limited modal variations but amphibole compositions also varying from calcic to sodic; (3) Alkaline series 3, of limited occurrence, which includes alkali feldspar syenites with olivine and clinopyroxene and no amphibole; (4) Aluminous series 1, of widespread occurrence, with various petrographic facies of biotite granites with amphibole; (5) Aluminous series 2, characterized by alkali feldspar granites with biotite and only minor amphibole; (6) Monzodiorites, typically with biotite, calcic amphibole and augitic clinopyroxene, partially mingled with granitic magmas. The mafic minerals present are, in general, Fe-rich with correspondingly low Mg and Al contents. In Alkaline series 1, amphiboles crystallized in progressively more oxidizing and alkaline conditions, while in Alkaline series 2, the initial conditions were somewhat more oxidizing and shifted to reducing in the final stages. In Aluminous series 1 and Aluminous series 2, amphiboles are calcic and comparatively homogeneous. The amphiboles in the monzodioritic rocks, while also homogeneous, are more Mg-rich and show compositions quite distinct from the calcic varieties in the other associations, and this is also the case for clinopyroxene. Mg# in biotite decreases from the monzodioritic rocks to Aluminous series 1 and further to Aluminous series 2. Contrasting evolution of the various associations suggests that several coeval magmatic series are present in the Serra da Graciosa granites.  相似文献   

Discussion on "Gold deposits of the Tapajós and Alta Floresta Domains, Tapajós-Parima orogenic belt, Amazon Craton, Brazil" by Santos JOS, Groves DI, Hartmann LA, Moura MA, McNaughton NJ (Mineralium Deposita 36:278–299, 2001)     

Ana Dreher  Silvio Vlach  Sergio Martini 《Mineralium Deposita》2002,37(8):782-784

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Attività solare e frequenza dei temporali     

Prof. Dr. Silvio Polli 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1953,25(1):130-134

Riassunto Dall'esame delle serie dei numeri annui dei giorni con temporale di 12 stazioni europee, comprese fra Leningrado e Napoli, risulta che tra l'andamento del numero dei giorni con temporale e quello dei numeri relativi delle macchie solari si ha la seguente relazione: nelle località settentrionali ad un massimo di attività solare corrisponde un massimo numero di temporali; in quelle meridionali si ha un comportamento opposto, ad un massimo solare corrisponde un minimo numero di giorni con temporale; nelle zone intermedie si ha una combinazione dei due casi con periodicità che generalmente non è bene apprezzabile.

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Summary Observing the series of the annual thunderstorm days of twelve European stations, placed bewteen Leningrad and Neaples, it results that among the going of the number of thunder-storm days and that of the sunspot one's we have the following relationship: in the northern localities at the maximum of the solar activity corresponds the maximum of the thunderstorm; in the southerner localities we have the opposit, at the maximum solar it correponds the minimum of thunderstorms. In the intermediate stations we have a combination of the two cases with a periodicity generally no valuable.

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Comunicazione presentata l'11 Aprile 1953 alla 1.a Assemblea Generale della Società Italiana di Geofisica e Meteorologia (Genova: 10–12 Aprile 1953).  相似文献   

Land subsidence along the Ionian coast of SE Sicily (Italy), detection and analysis via Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal differential SAR interferometry     

Fabio Canova  Cristiano Tolomei  Stefano Salvi  Giovanni Toscani  Silvio Seno 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(3):273-286

The paper presents the results of a multi‐temporal, differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) analysis aiming to identify active surface deformation phenomena in south‐eastern Sicily. The study area has been chosen because of its strong seismicity, high concentration of industrial and agricultural activities, and high density of people living in the coastal area. Furthermore, the morphology, lithology and climatic features of this sector of the Hyblean foreland are suitable for an interferometric analysis, providing a high coherence over the area. The Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal DInSAR technique was used to calculate mean ground velocity maps and displacement time series from a large data set of European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS 1–2) images spanning the time period 1992–2000. The reliability of the DInSAR results was tested calculating the East_SAR and Up_SAR values over two permanent global positioning system (GPS) stations in the area, and comparing them with the East_GPS and Up_GPS values. The residuals between GPS and DInSAR velocities were 1 and 0.6 mm/yr for the Up and East components, respectively. Four main subsiding areas, previously undetected, have been identified, corresponding with the towns of Augusta, Siracusa, Priolo, and Villasmundo. The observed deformation phenomena are located within coastal structural basins, filled with Pleistocene and Holocence deposits, except the Villasmundo land subsidence, which is located on the Hyblean plateau. The measured deformation rates reach values up to ?18 mm/yr in Augusta, –6 mm/yr in Siracusa, –5 mm/yr in Villasmundo and ?4.5 mm/yr in Priolo. The examination of velocity profiles, time series, and geological data allows us to relate all the detected deformation patterns primarily to groundwater over‐exploitation. A multi‐dimensional interpolation with kriging was performed to obtain a field subsidence map. A first‐order elastic deformation model was used to simulate the peculiar features of the Villasmundo subsidence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Deglacial pattern of circulation and marine productivity in the upwelling region off central-south Chile     

Mahyar Mohtadi  Pamela Rossel  Carina B. Lange  Silvio Pantoja  Philipp Bning  Daniel J. Repeta  Maik Grunwald  Frank Lamy  Dierk Hebbeln  Hans-Jürgen Brumsack 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):221-230

A high-resolution sea surface temperature and paleoproductivity reconstruction on a sedimentary record collected at 36°S off central-south Chile (GeoB 7165-1, 36°33′S, 73°40′W, 797 m water depth, core length 750 cm) indicates that paleoceanographic conditions changed abruptly between 18 and 17 ka. Comparative analysis of several cores along the Chilean continental margin (30°–41°S) suggests that the onset and the pattern of deglacial warming was not uniform off central-south Chile due to the progressive southward migration of the Southern Westerlies and local variations in upwelling. Marine productivity augmented rather abruptly at 13–14 ka, well after the oceanographic changes. We suggest that the late deglacial increase in paleoproductivity off central-south Chile reflects the onset of an active upwelling system bringing nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor Equatorial Subsurface Water to the euphotic zone, and a relatively higher nutrient load of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. During the Last Glacial Maximum, when the Southern Westerlies were located further north, productivity off central-south Chile, in contrast to off northern Chile, was reduced due to direct onshore-blowing winds that prevented coastal upwelling and export production.  相似文献   

Der permische Vulkanismus in Sardinien     

Silvio Vardabasso 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1959,48(1):159-172

Zusammenfassung Der permische Vulkanismus hat in Sardinien zuerst basische Laven und nur zum Schluß saure Typen gefördert. Echte Ergüsse sind verhältnismäßig selten; lokal ist die Tuff- und Breccienbildung stark entwickelt. In allen Fällen liegen die pyroklastischen Sedimente (Tuffe und Breccien) auf den Konglomeraten, Sandsteinen und Tonen des Rotliegenden und sind am besten in den kleinen Becken des varistischen Festlandes erhalten.

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Riassunto Con la venuta del plutone ercinico in Sardegna si stabiliscono condizioni d'ambiente continentale, documentate dalla facies di Verrucano del Permico inferiore.Questi depositi clastici sono più vari e potenti (fino a 200 m circa) entro piccoli bacini lacustri antracitiferi con flora autuniana aWalchia (Rotliegend).I bacini pare coincidano di preferenza con le originarie depressioni sinclinali di quel ciclo orogenetico.Entro questi bacini si incontrano, superiormente interstratificati, tufi e brecce vulcaniche nonchè conglomerati di lava. Dapprima prevalgono lave basiche (porfiriti e andesiti) e la loro eruzione è stata localmente preceduta da violente esplosioni. Le successive eruzioni di porfidi quarziferi sono invece meno frequenti. Lave a pasta felsitica e tessitura fluidale, a cpmposizione riolitica o trachitica, formano più spesso riempimenti di camini vulcanici; solo raramente si notano espandimenti di piccola estensione. Composizione e aspetto di molte di queste lave sono simili ai prodotti del vulcanismo terziario della regione, con i quali potrebbero essere confuse.Le manifestazioni vulcaniche del Permico sono meglio conservate e più evidenti nel settore schistoso (filladi siluriche prevalenti) a S del Gennargentu, dal bacino dell'Alto e Medio Flumendosa fino alla costa del Mare Tirreno (Barbagia, Ogliastra, Gerrei). Ne incontriamo anche sotto la coltre mesozoica nell'entroterra del Golfo di Orosei, a N di Baunei e presso Galtelli. Pure sopra i limitati settori schistosi della Sardegna settentrionale (Nurra e Gallura) si conoscono depositi in facies di Verrucano attraversati e in parte coperti dai porfidi del Permico.Probabilmente sono manifestazioni coeve quelle della Sardegna sud-occidentale, dove però la mancanza di depositi permici a contatto con le lave porfiriche (Iglesiente) e porfiritiche (Sulcis) non acconsente una precisazione cronologica.Certamente pre-permici sono invece i porfidi grigi del Sarrabus e i porfiroidi del Gerrei e di altre parti della Sardegna.

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Reliability of Building Inventories in Seismic Prone Regions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sibylle?SteimenEmail author  Donat?F?h  Domenico?Giardini  Martin?Bertogg  Silvio?Tschudi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2004,2(3):361-388

A study on uncertainties in building inventory and vulnerability assessment for the city of Basel, Switzerland a moderate hazard but high-risk area is presented. Emphasis is put on the special conditions and demands on the data assessment procedure in such an environment. The building information was assessed from the sidewalk using a method similar to that proposed in FEMA-154. With only three persons working for two weeks, about 10% of the citys building stock was assessed. The quality of the dataset was tested by using pre-existing reference data. These tests revealed patterns of misinterpreted structural information; important features like the floor type in URM buildings were difficult to identify.Six methods are proposed to derive building vulnerability from the collected structural information using the definitions of EMS98. The variation between the individual results was investigated in detail. A sample earthquake scenario with intensity IX in the city of Basel is used to demonstrate the influence of uncertainty in the inventory on the scenario results. The range of variation in the results is huge. Overall damage in the six scenarios differed by up to 27%. The amount of collapsed buildings in the historical part of the city comprised between 28% in the worst case and 3% in the best. There is a distinct influence of the inspectors opinion visible in the scenario results, which introduces a remarkable uncertainty. This emphasizes the importance of reliable inventory assessments and makes uncertainty analysis in earthquake scenarios indispensable – especially in areas of moderate seismicity where observational data from earthquake damage is missing.  相似文献   

Earthquakes in Switzerland and surrounding regions during 2003     

Nicolas Deichmann  Manfred Baer  Jochen Braunmiller  Cécile Cornou  Donat Fäh  Domenico Giardini  Monika Gisler  Sarah Huber  Stephan Husen  Philipp Kästli  Urs Kradolfer  Martin Mai  Silvio Maraini  Ivo Oprsal  Thomas Schler  Danijel Schorlemmer  Stefan Wiemer  Jochen Wössner  Adrian Wyss 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2004,97(3):447-458

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Fast Solar Wind Velocity in a Polar Coronal Hole during Solar Minimum     

Antonucci  Ester  Dodero  Maria Adele  Giordano  Silvio 《Solar physics》2000,197(1):115-134

We present a study of the outflow velocity of the fast wind in the northern polar coronal hole observed on 21 May 1996, during the minimum of solar activity, in the frame of a joint observing program of the SOHO (Solar Heliospheric Observatory) mission. The outflow velocity is inferred from an analysis of the Doppler dimming of the intensities of the Ovi 1032, 1037 and Hi L 1216 lines observed between 1.5 R and 3.5 R with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS), operating onboard SOHO. The analysis shows that for a coronal plasma characterized by low density, as derived for a polar hole at solar minimum by Guhathakurta et al. (1999), and low temperature, as directly measured at the base of this coronal hole by David et al. (1998), the oxygen outflow speed derived spectroscopically is consistent with that implied by the proton flux conservation. The hydrogen outflow is also consistent with flux conservation if the deviation from isotropy of the velocity distribution of the hydrogen atoms is negligible. Hence, for this cool and tenuous corona, the oxygen ions and neutral hydrogen atoms flow outward roughly at the same speed, which increases from 40 km s^–1 at 1.5 R to 360 km s^–1 at 3.1 R , with an average acceleration of the order of 4.5×10³ cm s^–2. The highly anisotropic velocity distributions of the Ovi ions found in the analysis confirm that the process which is heating the oxygen ions acts preferentially across the magnetic field.  相似文献