The North Cycladic Detachment System     

Laurent Jolivet  Emmanuel Lecomte  Benjamin Huet  Yoann Denèle  Olivier Lacombe  Loïc Labrousse  Laetitia Le Pourhiet  Caroline Mehl 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2010,289(1-2):87-104

Low-angle normal faults accommodate a large part of continental post-orogenic extension. Besides the intrinsic rheological characteristics of the continental crust that may lead to the formation of shallow-dipping shear zones at the brittle–ductile transition, the role of pre-existing low-angle structures such as large thrusts has been proposed by several authors. We explore this question with the example of the North Cycladic Detachment System (NCDS) that is composed of a series of distinct detachments cropping out on the islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos, separating the Cycladic Blueschists in the footwall from the Upper Cycladic Nappe in the hanging wall. We show that these extensional structures are part of a single large-scale structure (more than 200 km along strike) that reactivates the Vardar suture zone. It extends eastward on Ikaria and westward offshore Evia and Thessalia where it probably connects to recent shallow-dipping normal faults evidenced on published seismic reflection profiles. The NCDS started its activity in the Oligocene concommitantly with the Aegean extension, and was still active in the Late Miocene. It has exhumed a series of metamorphic domes from southern Evia to Mykonos below low-angle detachment systems, made of low-angle normal faults and low-angle ductile shear zones. The ductile shear zones and the faults were created with a low dip and they kept the same attitude throughout their exhumation. We identify three main detachments that are part of a continuum of extension on the NCDS : Tinos detachment, Livada detachment and Mykonos detachment. A fourth detachment (Vari detachment) is the reactivation of an Eocene exhumation-related structure. Deformation in the footwall is characterized by intense stretching and flattening. Using the spatial evolution observed along strike from Andros to Mykonos we construct a history of formation of the NCDS starting with the reactivation of former thrusts leading to the exhumation of high-temperature metamorphic domes. The Aegean example shows that reactivation of earlier shallow-dipping discontinuities can play a fundamental role in continental post-orogenic extension.  相似文献   

An inverse problem methodology to identify flow channels in fractured media using synthetic steady-state head and geometrical data     

R. Le Goc  J.-R. de Dreuzy  P. Davy 《Advances in water resources》2010

We present a methodology for identifying highly-localized flow channels embedded in a significantly less permeable medium using steady-state head and geometrical data. This situation is typical of fractured media where flows are often strongly channeled at the scales of interest (10 m–1 km). The objective is to identify both geometrical and hydraulic characteristics of the conducting structures. Channels are identified in decreasing order of importance by successive optimizations of an objective function. The identification strategy takes advantage of the hierarchical flow organization to restrict the dimension of the solution space of each individual optimization step. The characteristics of the secondary channels are strongly determined by the main flow channels. The latter are slightly modified by the secondary channels through the addition of a regularization term to the main channel characteristics in the objective function. As the objective function is strongly non-convex with numerous local minima, inversion is performed using a stochastic algorithm (simulated annealing). We assess the possibilities of the hierarchical identification strategy on simple synthetic steady-state flow configurations where hydraulic data are made up of 25 regularly spaced heads and of the boundary conditions. Those flow structures that are dominated by at most two simple channels can be identified with these head data only. Configurations comprising up to three complex and interconnected channels can still be identified with additional geometrical information including the distances of piezometers to their closest channel. The capabilities of the hierarchical identification strategy are limited to flow structures dominated by at most three equivalent flow channels. We finally discuss the perspectives of application of the method to transient-state data obtained on a more restricted number of piezometers.  相似文献   

Bayesian estimation of intensity–duration–frequency curves and of the return period associated to a given rainfall event     

David Huard  Alain Mailhot  Sophie Duchesne 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2010,24(3):337-347

Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are used extensively in engineering to assess the return periods of rainfall events and often steer decisions in urban water structures such as sewers, pipes and retention basins. In the province of Québec, precipitation time series are often short, leading to a considerable uncertainty on the parameters of the probabilistic distributions describing rainfall intensity. In this paper, we apply Bayesian analysis to the estimation of IDF curves. The results show the extent of uncertainties in IDF curves and the ensuing risk of their misinterpretation. This uncertainty is even more problematic when IDF curves are used to estimate the return period of a given event. Indeed, standard methods provide overly large return period estimates, leading to a false sense of security. Comparison of the Bayesian and classical approaches is made using different prior assumptions for the return period and different estimation methods. A new prior distribution is also proposed based on subjective appraisal by witnesses of the extreme character of the event.  相似文献   

Refining the OSL age of the last earthquake on the Dheshir fault,Central Iran     

M. Fattahi  H. Nazari  M.D. Bateman  B. Meyer  M. Sébrier  M. Talebian  K. Le Dortz  M. Foroutan  F. Ahmadi Givi  M. Ghorashi 《Quaternary Geochronology》2010,5(2-3):286-292

In Central Iran there are several cities along the Dehshir fault, which have similar geological conditions to that of the city of Bam prior to the 2003 earthquake (Mw 6.5), during which more than 30,000 lives were lost. Optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples were collected from the Dehshir fault in order to place constraints on its seismic history. The single aliquot regenerative (SAR) dose measurement protocol on coarse grained quartz extracts was used for this study. This SAR protocol had to be optimized for the low OSL sensitivity by varying both the preheat temperatures and test doses used. Dose recovery tests showed that given laboratory dose could be successfully recovered. However, replicate palaeodose (D_e) data were scattered and consequently ages based on mean D_e's had large uncertainties. As this is thought to largely reflect poor bleaching conditions prior to sediment burial at the site, various statistical procedures were employed in conjunction with the stratigraphic knowledge of the site to try and extract more refined burial ages from the samples. From this the timing of the last earthquake was estimated around 2.0 ± 0.2 kyr. This refined age suggests that the earthquake catalogue of Iran is incomplete and more paleoseismological investigation is required to recognize and date the previous events of Dheshir fault.  相似文献   

甘肃北山炭山子—黄草泉一带水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿远景     

王磊  杨建国  王小红  齐琦  张洲远  张乐  谢燮  杨涛  杨生飞  胡兆国 《现代地质》2016,30(6):1276-1284

摘要：依据甘肃北山炭山子—黄草泉一带1∶5万水系沉积物测量成果,分析了区内地球化学参数特征及其元素的相关性,认为元素地球化学异常主要受断裂、地层及岩浆岩3种因素控制,即主要受大山头断裂带和庙庙井断裂带,蓟县系、寒武系和奥陶系地层,大山头、三个井基性-超基性杂岩体及华力西期中酸性侵入岩的控制。根据异常特征及成矿地质条件圈定出4处具较好找矿潜力的远景区,即大山头铜镍找矿远景区、三个井铜镍找矿远景区、庙庙井金铜钨钼多金属矿找矿远景区、黄草泉东金银多金属矿找矿远景区,为该区下一步找矿工作指明了方向。  相似文献   

Global implementation of marine protected areas: Is the developing world being left behind?     

Sophie Marinesque  David M. Kaplan 《Marine Policy》2012,36(3):727-737

While the global network of marine protected areas (MPAs) has recently been evaluated in the light of bio-geographic targets, there has been no attempt to evaluate the relative conservation efforts made by the different nations with regards to their level of socio-economic development. Using information mostly gathered from the world database on protected areas (WDPA), this paper gives a comparative assessment of MPA progress in countries from different economic categories, ranging from advanced economies to least developed countries (LDCs). Potentially explanatory socio-economic and environmental factors, such as fishing activity and existence of vulnerable marine ecosystems, for variability between nations in the level of MPA implementation are also explored. Existing MPA databases demonstrate a clear gap between developed and developing nations in MPA establishment, with advanced economies accounting for two thirds of the global MPA network. Patterns of MPA use, however, remain extremely heterogeneous between countries within each development group. International agreements on marine conservation, above and beyond the influence of country socio-economic and environmental profiles, are identified as a stimulating factor to MPA implementation. The level dependence on marine resource extraction appears to impede MPA implementation, though the relationship is not statistically significant due to large heterogeneity among countries. Leading developed nations increasingly use MPAs to designate integrated and adaptive management areas, and implementation of large “no-take” reserves in relatively-pristine overseas areas continues to accelerate. These analyses highlight certain limitations regarding our ability to assess the true conservation effectiveness of the existing global MPA network and the need for improved indicators of MPA restrictions and management efforts.  相似文献   

由重复微震估算的龙门山断裂带深部滑动速率     

李乐  陈棋福译  钮凤林  苏金蓉  吕春来校 《世界地震译丛》2012,(2):1-17

使用断层附近两个数字地震台网记录的重复地震数据研究了发生2008年汶川M7.9灾难性地震的龙门山断裂带的深部滑动速率。通过波形互相关分析,识别出波形高度相似的231组相似地震对和224组多重相似对。大部分相似地震活动表现为非周期性,复发间隔从数分钟到数百天不等。针对每一组多重相似对,我们首先依据在同一地震台站记录的波形来塑造参考地震的波形,用以量取每个地震相对于参考地震的S与P波的相对到时差,并确定每个地震与多重相似对质心的相对距离,从而挑选出每组地震中的重复事件。我们识别出了位于M7.9汶川地震震源区的12组重复微震,大部分重复微震分布在2008汶川地震同震大破裂闭锁区的边缘,揭示了微震活动与未来破坏性大震在空间位置上的密切关系。由重复微震直接获取的滑动速率随深度增加而增大,在4～18km深度范围滑动速率为3.5～9.6mm/a,约为GPS和地质等浅表观测的滑动速率值的2倍。研究结果对于理解断层活动性和地震危险性分析具有重要意义。  相似文献   

地震应急卫星通信系统的设计与应用.   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

杨乐  曾薇  谭颖 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(1):100-109

地震应急通信是地震应急救援工作的基础和关键的组成部分.本文从地震应急卫星通信网络的组成及规模、站点配置、组网方式、工作模式、工作模式切换、通信方式、卫星信道规划、业务应用等方面,简要介绍了中国地震局“十五”期间建设并投入运行的地震应急卫星通信系统的设计以及在地震应急工作中的应用.  相似文献   

Distinguished New Zealand Geographer Medal     

Richard Le Heron 《New Zealand geographer》2008,64(1):74-75

  相似文献   

基于主体功能区划的广西沿海地区发展     

曾令锋  黎忠  吕曼秋  康乐 《热带地理》2008,28(5)

运用区域主体功能区划理论,对广西沿海地区的发展进行了分析.研究表明,广西经济布局初具"T"字型空间结构,但沿海地区空间结构还存在不少无序现象,海洋经济与人才的观念比较薄弱.应根据区域主体功能区划理论,在确立海洋经济为区域经济主体的基础上,进一步明确钦州、北海和防城港三市区域功能,加快构建相应中心城市集聚区,以旅游和边贸为切入点,加强与东盟、泛珠三角和西南等经济区的联系,不断提高区域经济实力.  相似文献