Editors’ Message: Eminent hydrogeologists profiled in 20 years of Hydrogeology Journal (1992–2012)     

Sue M. Duncan  Clifford I. Voss 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(7):1385-1388

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Formation of density inhomogeneity in laser produced plasmas for?a?test bed of magnetic field amplification in supernova remnants     

Y. Kuramitsu  Y. Sakawa  T. Morita  S. Dono  H. Aoki  H. Tanji  C. D. Gregory  J. N. Waugh  B. Loupias  M. Koenig  N. Woolsey  T. Ide  T. Sano  H. Takabe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,336(1):269-272

Density inhomogeneities for a test bed of magnetic field amplification in supernova remnants (SNRs) were created in laser produced plasmas. The density inhomogeneity is considered to be essential to the large magnetic field amplification to account for the very fast cosmic ray acceleration. In order to model the density variations about an order of magnitude in an interstellar medium, we performed three types of experiments using a high-power laser system: (1) irradiating a plastic (CH) plane with a single focal spot beams, (2) the same target with spatial separation of laser focal spots, and (3) irradiating a striped target of thin and thick CH plane. By irradiating a CH plane target with a single focal spot laser beams, a plasma plume was produced with the large density range. On the other hand, when the several laser beams with displacements of the focal spots, bumpy structures of electron density were produced. Making thin stripes on a CH plane target, density and velocity inhomogeneities were produced by irradiating the striped target with the laser beams. In the all methods the density variations were very large, which can be used for a model experiment of the magnetic field amplification.  相似文献   

CNES strategy: satellite data and modelling for public health: towards a cooperation with NASA     

Murielle Lafaye  Cécile Vignolles  John Haynes  Sue Estes 《国际地球制图》2013,28(6):663-670

For ages, links between environment, climate and their impacts on human health have been observed and studied. Research to improve our understanding of environmental key determinants of infectious diseases can provide innovative information for adaptation strategies and lead to new tools optimizing surveillance, vector control measures, and disease prevention. As earth observation satellites can measure meteorological and environmental parameters, NASA and CNES have separately engaged in an innovative use of their earth observation infrastructure development programs: space tools addressing public health. As NASA and CNES have fruitful cooperation for satellite development missions for years, both health programs have proposed to explore a new area of collaboration: satellites addressing health issues. As members of international organizations, NASA and CNES could promote their common views towards the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Community of Practice for Health & Environment and the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Societal Benefit Area on Health.  相似文献   

An algorithm for polygon overlay using cooperative parallel processing     

Thomas C. Waugh  Sara Hopkins 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):457-467

Abstract

With the increasing importance of parallel computing, attention must be given to utilising these resources efficiently. This article describes an algorithm to use cooperating parallel processors to solve the problem of vector polygon overlay, one of the most computationally-intensive problems in the GIS arena. The basic algorithm, which is described here using natural language, is not specific to a particular parallel architecture but has elements that are best suited to particular configurations, namely distributed-memory Multiple Instruction stream Multiple Data stream (MIMD) architectures. The intention is to provide an algorithm which utilises the potential of such architectures by distributing the computational load over several cooperating processors.  相似文献   

Assessing multifaceted vulnerability and resilience in order to design risk-mitigation strategies   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Scira Menoni  Daniela Molinari  Dennis Parker  Francesco Ballio  Sue Tapsell 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(3):2057-2082

Vulnerability studies have evolved significantly in recent decades. Although not overly theoretical compared with some other fields of science, some important conceptual progress has been made. At the practical level, vulnerability indicators have been used either at a generic level or for particular hazard contexts. However, these indicators are often predictably too narrow in their coverage of aspects of vulnerability. An important need remains to produce more conceptually informed vulnerability indicators or parameters and more satisfactory operational tools to assess weaknesses and resilience in coping with natural risks. In this paper, we present the methodology developed in the context of a recently concluded EU funded project, ENSURE (Enhancing resilience of communities and territories facing natural and na-tech hazards). The resulting vulnerability and resilience assessment framework tool adopts a systemic approach embedding and integrating as much as possible the multifaceted and articulated nature of concepts such as vulnerability and resilience. The tool guides evaluators towards a comprehensive and context-related understanding of strengths and fragilities of a given territory and community with respect to natural extremes. In this paper, both the framework tool and its application to Sondrio in Italy, which is exposed to flash floods, are presented and discussed. The merits and demerits of the new tool are discussed, and the results of the application to Sondrio indicate where data are currently missing, suggesting the kind of data, which will need to be gathered in future to achieve more complete assessments. The results also suggest vulnerability reduction policies and actions and further ways of revising the existing framework tool in the future.  相似文献   

The Bullerwell Lecture 2008     

Sue Bowler  Editor 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2007,48(5):5.04-5.05

A new adaptive optics system at the Palomar Observatory makes use of random atmospheric fluctuations to get high-resolution astronomical images from the surface of the Earth – twice as sharp as Hubble Space Telescope images.  相似文献   

Elementary? Comet outburst caught by the INT     

Sue Bowler  Editor 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2007,48(6):6.04-6.04

New observations of the Bullet Cluster suggest that a revised version of Newton's gravitational theory can account for the patterns seen, just as well as the conventional explanation of dark matter affecting the mass distribution.  相似文献   

Merged remotely sensed data for geomorphological investigations in deserts: examples from central Saudi Arabia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Farhan Al-juaidi†  rew C Millington†  Sue J Mclaren† 《The Geographical journal》2003,169(2):117-130

Image merging has gained acceptance in geological remote sensing, however it has rarely been applied in geomorphology. We report on the usefulness of principal components substitution (PCS) to merge IRS panchromatic data with multispectral Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, to map commonly encountered desert geomorphological features, and in relative age dating of alluvial surfaces. The merged data were applied to the identification and mapping of geomorphological features along two geolo-gically different mountain fronts in central Saudi Arabia. Two types of geomorphological maps have been created. A morphogenetic map that distinguishes between aeolian landforms, fluvial landforms, desert pavements, and gypsum crusts. Second, a morphochronological map, which shows the relative age of four geomorphic surfaces developed on an alluvial fan. The construction of the two maps is supported by field observations and laboratory measurements. Using the optimum index factor (OIF), a TM band 1, 5 and 7 image (of 20 merged composites) was found to be the optimum colour composite image for the geomorphological features in this arid environment. We discuss our findings in the context of the spatial and spectral properties required for applied geomorphological remote sensing.  相似文献   

Data and debate     

Sue Bowler 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2003,44(3):3.08-3.12

Sue Bowler draws together some of the NAM scientific sessions, to capture the flavour of this lively and popular meeting.  相似文献   

Evaluation of silica-water surface chemistry using NMR spectroscopy     

Susan A. Carroll  Robert S. MaxwellWilliam Bourcier  Sue MartinSuzy Hulsey 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(6):913-926

We have combined traditional batch and flow-through dissolution experiments, multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and surface complexation modeling to re-evaluate amorphous silica reactivity as a function of solution pH and reaction affinity in NaCl and CsCl solutions. The NMR data suggest that changes in surface speciation are driven by solution pH and to a lesser extent alkali concentrations, and not by reaction time or saturation state. The ²⁹Si cross-polarization NMR results show that the concentration of silanol surface complexes decreases with increasing pH, suggesting that silanol sites polymerize to form siloxane bonds with increasing pH. Increases in silica surface charge are offset by sorption of alkali cations to ionized sites with increasing pH. It is the increase in these ionized sites that appears to control silica polymorph dissolution rates as a function of pH. The ²³Na and ¹³³Cs NMR results show that the alkali cations form outersphere surface complexes and that the concentration of these complexes increases with increasing pH. Changes in surface chemistry cannot explain decreases in dissolution rates as amorphous silica saturation is approached. We find no evidence for repolymerization of the silanol surface complexes to siloxane complexes at longer reaction times and constant pH.  相似文献