大别山绿辉石晶体结构的再研究—兼与谢窦克等同志商榷   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郭卫东  罗谷风 《地质论评》1995,41(4):311-319

谢窦克等曾测定了大别山一个绿辉石的晶体结构，认为它具Ｐ２／ｃ空间群；四面体链分别呈ＳＡ和ＯＢ扭转；Ｍ阳离子日位全部为６次配位的八面体：Ａｌ在所有这四种晶位另均有相当多的占有率，为绿辉石的新型结构。本文对该资料再研究后确认其真实空间群为Ｐ２／ｎ；结构中仅有一种Ｏ旋转的四面体链；Ｍ２和Ｍ２晶位为８次配位；Ａｌ全部进入Ｍ１（１）晶位，Ａｌ－Ｍｇ呈完全有序分布，属典型的Ｐ２／ｎ有序绿辉石。本文给出了重新计  相似文献   

基于人体舒适度的商洛市气候康养旅游评价     

张运  陈蕾  王卫民  宋文超  王式功 《陕西气象》2020,(3):31-35

利用1980-2018年商洛7县(区)和西安地区逐日地面常规气象观测资料,分析商洛和西安的气温、降水量、日温差、相对湿度和风速等气象要素,并运用基于黄金分割法构建的人体舒适度计算方法对商洛7县(区)和西安市区进行舒适度等级划分,通过比较西安和商洛各地"舒适(0级)"日数时间分布特征给出商洛开展气候康养旅游的建议。结果表明:商洛市雨热同期,夏季降水量和相对湿度都较西安高,夏季平均气温为23.34℃,较西安低2~3℃,且商洛适宜的风速能舒缓炎热,气温日较差高利于夜间睡眠,具有优越的气候康养旅游资源;商洛7县(区)年均"舒适"日数均高于西安,可达60 d及以上,其中柞水和镇安县年均"舒适"日数最多,均为69 d,气温最高的7月洛南县的"舒适"日数最多,可达7 d;建议游客春季可前往"舒适"日数最多的镇安县进行康养旅游,夏季可选择"舒适"日数较多的洛南和柞水县,秋季则可选择"舒适"日数最多的丹凤县。  相似文献   

地震测深资料数据采集与收录系统     

Zhao guomim  Xu Zhongxin  Yang Qian  Zhang Zhongjie  Wang Shuming  Bai Yun 《中国地震》1994,(4)

本文介绍了ＳＴＭ－ＰＣ微机系列上实现的地震测深资料现场收录系统，其中包括对模拟磁带地震记录进行Ａ／Ｄ转换、数据采集等。在研究中，对时标信号的采集方式、六响报时信号处理、模拟回放电路的改进与采集速率等方面进行了试验，为高质量地进行Ａ／Ｄ转换取得了经验。本文是以海城震区的实际资料为基础，对Ａ／Ｄ转换的精度与效果进行了统计与分析，结果表明，该收录系统对模拟地震记录的Ａ／Ｄ转换精度达到了规范要求。该收录系统与一般微机系列兼容，适用于我国目前使用的几种模拟磁带地震记录仪。  相似文献   

Kinetics of high-pressure phase transformations: Implications to the evolution of the olivine → spinel transition in the downgoing lithosphere and its consequences on the dynamics of the mantle     

Sung Chien-Min  Roger G. Burns 《Tectonophysics》1976,31(1-2)

The rate of a high-pressure phase transition increases exponentially with temperature (T) and overpressure or pressure beyond equilibrium (ΔP). It is also greatly promoted by introducing shear stress, diminishing grain size, and adding water or other catalysts to the reactants. For an isothermal and isobaric transition with no compositional change, if steady state of nucleation on grain surfaces is attained, the rate equation can be expressed: (1) before site saturation by: X = 1 − exp(−Kt⁴), where and (2) after site saturation by: X = 1 − exp(−K′T), where , where X is volume fraction of completion of transformation, t is time, and the C's are characteristic constants. C₁ and C₉ are functions of grain size, C₃ and C₆ are functions of shear stress. All the C's are almost independent of temperature and pressure. Thus, if X as a function of T, ΔP, and t over a narrow P-T range can be experimentally determined, the C's can be calculated and the effect of grain size and shear stress on the rate of transformation can be evaluated. The isothermal and isobaric rate equations for a given composition, shear stress, and grain size are then experimentally determinable. The non-isothermal and non-isobaric rate equation can be calculated from the isothermal and isobaric ones if the rate of penetration into the metastability field is known. The important feature of the kinetics of high-pressure phase transitions predicted by these rate equations is that for a given rate of penetration into the metastability field, there can be defined a characteristic temperature, T_ch, below which the rate of the transition is virtually zero no matter how metastable the material is. For the olivine → spinel transition in the mantle, this characteristic temperature may be as high as 700° C. Thus, in a fast moving downgoing slab, the temperature at its cold center may remain below T_ch even down to depths in excess of 600 km, thereby greatly depressing the olivine—spinel phase boundary.At an early stage in the development of a downgoing slab, the plunging speed is slow. This allows the interior of the slab to heat up and the olivine → spinel transition to proceed rapidly and near equilibrium. As a result, the olivine—spinel phase boundary in the slab will be distorted upwards. The rising of the denser spinel phase then provides an additional driving force which accelerates the plate. Since the upper portion of the slab is pulled from below and the lower portion pushed from above, earthquakes of down-dip extension will occur in the upper mantle while those of down-dip compression will originate in the transition zone. Because the transformation occurs close to equilibrium, there will be an aseismic region separating the two seismic zones. When the plate velocity exceeds a certain limit, the temperature in the cold interior becomes low enough to depress the olivine → spinel transition. The phase boundary is then distorted downwards. The buoyant force thereby created will reduce the driving force, and the plunging speed of the plate will approach a steady state. In addition, the buoyant force will compress the slab from below and result in earthquakes of down-dip compression throughout the length of the slab. Now the olivine → spinel transition is so far from equilibrium that the reaction becomes implosive. A rise in frequency of deep earthquakes towards the implosion region in the lower transition zone is thus predicted. Therefore, as well as stabilizing the plate velocity, the olivine → spinel transition may also control earthquake distributions throughout the downgoing slab.  相似文献   

The effect of crystal field stabilization on the olivine→spinel transition in the system Mg2SiO4 - Fe2SiO4     

Roger G. Burns  Chien-Min Sung 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1978,2(4):349-364

Crystal field stabilization (CFS) plays a significant role in determining equilibrium phase boundaries in olivine→spinel transformations involving transition-metal cations, including Fe²⁺ which is a major constituent of the upper mantle. Previous calculations for Fe₂SiO₄ ignored pressure and temperature dependencies of crystal field stabilization enthalpies (CFSE) and the electronic configurational entropy (S _CFS). We have calculated free energy changes (ΔG _CFS) due to differences of crystal field splittings between Fe₂SiO₄ spinel and fayalite from: ΔG _CFS=?ΔCFSE?TΔS _CFS, as functions of P and T, for different energy splittings of t _2g orbital levels of Fe²⁺ in spinel. The results indicate that ΔG _CFS is always negative, suggesting that CFS always promotes the olivine→spinel transition in Fe₂SiO₄, and expands the stability field of spinel at the expense of olivine. Because of crystal field effects, transition pressures for olivine→spinel transformations in compositions (Mg_1?x Fe _x )₂SiO₄ are lowered by approximately 50x kbar, which is equivalent to having raised the olivine→spinel boundary in the upper mantle by about 15 km.  相似文献   

湍流相干结构在中蒙中区一次沙尘暴起沙中的作用          下载免费PDF全文

赵建华  隆霄  张峰  杨永龙  刘世祥  梁芸 《地球物理学报》1954,63(11):3967-3980

起沙机制是沙尘暴天气研究中一个重要问题.本文基于中蒙中区一次沙尘暴天气过程,通过提取沙尘源地涡动相关数据中的湍流相干结构（Coherent structure,简称为CS）,研究了CS在起沙中的作用.结果发现：（1）起沙期间存在CS,其典型特征表现为上扬—下扫循环,即暖空气的辐合上升与冷空气的辐散下沉相伴;（2）起沙期间,CS具有频次高、持续时间短、间歇性适中、连发频繁、速度切变大、水平尺度远大于垂直尺度和尺度变化比较大的特点;（3）CS是重要的起沙机制,它可起动粒径在0.1~156 μm之间的各种沙粒,起动最多的是粒径低于8 μm的粉粒与粘粒,但CS不是唯一的起沙机制;（4）CS的上扬与下扫两过程均可引起起沙,区别在于前者通过暖空气的上升将沙粒向上空输送,后者则是将上空高速冷空气拖带下来引起地表沙粒的起动;（5）CS起沙分为单起式和连发配合式两种形式.单起式是单发CS产生的起沙形式,连发配合式是连发的CS产生的跃移—上扬的配合起沙形式.其中,连发配合式为主要形式;（6）下扫过程对起沙的贡献是上扬过程的1.8~15倍,上扬过程可将下扫过程中起动沙粒的1/3左右向上输送到空中;（7）一般情况下,CS对起沙具有稳定的贡献,其贡献率为51%,当临界起沙风速大于13 m·s^-1时,其贡献急剧降低.  相似文献   

内蒙古狼山地区乌花辉长岩的年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成:对地幔源区特征和岩石成因的约束     

张云  孙立新  张天福  孙义伟  张祺  李艳锋  杨泽黎  刘文刚 《现代地质》2020,34(3):450-465

内蒙古狼山地区乌花辉长岩体主要由橄榄辉长岩和角闪辉长岩组成,其锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年结果表明,岩体形成于(319.8±1.8)~(325.4±1.6) Ma,属于早石炭世末期岩浆活动的产物。地球化学特征上,乌花辉长岩属低钾钙碱性玄武岩系列,具有较高的Mg^#(多在76.70~80.35之间)、Al₂O₃(13.55%~25.13%)和较低的TiO₂(0.18%~1.35%)。稀土总含量较低(∑REE= 8.92×10^-6~40.10×10^-6),稀土元素分馏程度不高,呈现出轻稀土元素(LREE)略微富集、重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损((La/Yb)_N = 1.74~3.06)的特点,Eu呈明显的正异常(δEu=1.156~3.86)。岩石富集Pb和K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th等高场强元素,较低的Zr含量(4.38×10^-6~26.6×10^-6)和Zr/Y比值(1.08~2.35),呈现出典型的俯冲-消减带弧火山岩的地球化学特征。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究表明,乌花辉长岩岩浆源区为富集地幔,在侵位过程中受到的地壳混染程度较弱。结合区域地质背景,认为乌花辉长岩为俯冲-消减构造体制下由俯冲带流体交代富集地幔部分熔融而成,代表了俯冲相对早期阶段的产物,指示华北板块北缘西段在早石炭世晚期开始进入到安第斯型活动大陆边缘阶段,并可能结束于早二叠世之前。  相似文献   

Studies on the effects of polyaspartate protease fertilizer enhancer in the absorptions of soil nutrition and the enzymatic activities of crops     

JIANG Guoliang )  *  YANG Dong )  LIU Yun )  ZHANG Guanghua )  LI Zhongjun )  ZHANG Xinhua ) ) College of Marine Life Sciences  Ocean University of China  Qingdao  P..R.China) Fisheries College  Ocean University of China  Qingdao  P..R.China) Agriculture bureau of Anqiu  Anqiu  P..R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(1):62-64

1　Introduction　Chinaisboththelargestproducerandthelargestconsumerofchemicalfertilizersintheworld .Since1984 ,Chineseconsumptionofchemicalfertilizerhasincreasedmorethanonetimes ,fromabout 17millionmetrictonsto 35millionmetrictons .However ,dur ingthesameperiod ,theyieldoffoodproductionhasincreasedonlyabout 10 % .Thediscrepancybetweenfertilizerconsumptionandyieldincreasehasindicatedthedrasticdecreaseofthebenefitsofchemicalfertiliz ers .Infact ,theutilizationefficiencyofnitrogenfer tilizerinC…  相似文献   

一种基于Cross-Validation的盲图像恢复方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康云 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(4):259-261,265

图像盲复原所面临的主要问题是可利用的信息不足，目前已有的图像盲复原算法一般都是有先验知识，如非负和有限支持域的限制。但在实际中目标的支持域是未知的。文中介绍了CV(cross-validation)的基本原理，给出了一种基于CV原理的支持域确定方法的详细步骤；并针对计算大的问题提出了一定的改进。最后给出了实验结果，证明CV确定支持域的方法对于图像盲复原是有一定价值的。  相似文献   

神舟四号飞船微波辐射计定标和检验（Ⅰ）——微波辐射计外定标   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

王振占  李芸 《遥感学报》2004,8(5):397-403

文中针对神舟四号飞船辐射计 (RAD)的在轨定标特点 ,提出一种替代外定标方案 ,即利用地球表面典型地物的微波辐射对RAD的不同通道重新进行定标。选取了全球大洋开阔海域的浮标、星载微波辐射计产品和小岛上气象探空数据 ,通过理论计算得出的亮温作为辐射计测量的低端。利用南美洲热带雨林亮温作为高端 ,重新给出了RAD定标方程。同时 ,为了确定定标的效果 ,分别与国外星载微波辐射计相同或相近通道的亮温进行了比较。另外还结合南海地面配合试验的测量结果对辐射计定标数据进行了分析。  相似文献