New isotopic data on Late Cenozoic age and mantle origin of gem zircon and corundum from placers of Primorye,Russia     

V. P. Nechaev  E. V. Nechaeva  A. A. Chashchin  S. V. Vysotskiy  I. T. Graham  F. L. Sutherland 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2009,429(2):1426-1429

The paper shows that sapphire (corundum) and hyacinth (zircon) from the Primorye placers have genetic relationships with the Late Cenozoic within-plate basalts of mantle origin. The alternative hypothesis of their derivation from the Early-Middle Cretaceous S-type granites does not fit the evidence presented here. This conclusion is based on the age determinations (less than 15 m.y., zircon SHRIMP and Fission-Track analyses) and oxygen isotope compositions (δ¹⁸O SMOW = 4–6.5 vol %) of clastic zircon and corundum from two sapphire districts of Primorye: Marevka, occurring in the Marevka and Kedrovka river basins in the north, and Shkotovo located in the area of upper Arsenievka and Steklyanukha Rivers in the south.  相似文献   

GEOLOGICAL DRAUGHTING WITH COREL DRAW     

Rupert Sutherland 《地学学报》1991,3(5):555-558

  相似文献   

Dispersion and toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms of pesticides used to treat sea lice on salmon in net pen enclosures     

Ernst W  Jackman P  Doe K  Page F  Julien G  Mackay K  Sutherland T 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,42(6):433-444

Pesticides are used extensively in the finfish aquaculture industry to control sea lice infestations on farmed salmon. The most prevalent method of use is to enclose a net pen with an impervious tarpaulin and mix a pesticide solution within that enclosure. After treatment for short periods (1 h) the pesticide solution is released to the environment. Concerns have been raised that there is a potential risk to non-target aquatic organisms from those releases. The fate of dispersing pesticide solutions was measured after six simulated treatments in the Lower Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Three simulated treatments were done with azamethiphos and three with cypermethrin. Rhodamine dye was added to all pesticide solutions in order to facilitate tracking of the dispersing plume through real-time measurements of dye concentrations by a flow-through fluorometer coupled with a differential global positioning system (DGPS). Water samples were obtained from within the plumes at various times after release and analysed for pesticide content and toxicity to a benthic amphipod Eohaustorius estuaris. Dye concentrations were detectable for time periods after release which varied from 2 to 5.5 h. Distances travelled by the dye patches ranged from 900 to 3000 m and the dye concentrations at the final sampling period were generally 1/200-1/3000 the pre-release concentrations and cypermethrin concentrations were generally 1/1000-1/2000 the pre-release concentrations. Cypermethrin concentrations in water samples were closely correlated with dye concentrations, indicating that dye analyses were an accurate surrogate for cypermethrin concentrations. Most samples taken after the releases of azamethiphos were not toxic to test organisms in 48 h exposures and none were beyond 20 min post-release. By contrast, almost all samples taken after the release of cypermethrin, even up to 5-h post-release, were toxic. Data indicate the potential to cause toxic effects over areas of hectares from a single release of cypermethrin.  相似文献   

Frontal accretion and thrust wedge evolution under very oblique plate convergence: Fiordland Basin, New Zealand     

P. M. Barnes  B. Davy  R. Sutherland  J. Delteil 《Basin Research》2002,14(4):439-466

A thrust wedge with unusual geometry has developed under very oblique (50–60°) convergence between the Pacific and Australian Plates, along the 240‐km length of the Fiordland margin, New Zealand. The narrow (25 km‐wide) wedge comprises three overlapping components, lying west of the offshore section of the Alpine Fault, and straddles a change of > 30° in the regional strike of the plate boundary. Swath bathymetry, marine seismic reflection profiles, and dated samples together reveal the stratigraphy, structure, and evolution of the wedge and the underthrusting, continental, Caswell High (Australian Plate). Lateral variations in the composition and structure of the accretionary wedge, and the depth of the décollement thrust, result partly from variations in crustal structure and basement relief of the underthrust plate, and from associated variations in the thickness of turbidites available for frontal accretion. In the southern Fiordland Basin the underthrust plate is undergoing flexural uplift and extension, and a thick turbidite section is available for accretion. Along‐strike, a structurally elevated portion of the underthrust plate is very obliquely colliding with the central part of the accretionary wedge, the turbidite section available for accretion is condensed, and structural inversion occurs in the underthrust plate. Growth of the thrust wedge is inferred to have commenced in the Pliocene prior to 3 ± 1 Ma, but much of the wedge developed in the Quaternary. The spatial distribution of thrusting has varied through time, with most late Quaternary shortening occurring on structures within 10 km of the right‐stepping deformation front. Estimates of the magnitude and rates of deformation indicate that the wedge accommodates a significant component of the oblique convergence between the Pacific and Australian Plates. Shortening of up to 7.3 ± 1.4 km and 9.1 ± 1.8 km within the southern and central parts of the wedge, respectively, represent about 5–15% of the total 70–140 km of shortening predicted across the plate boundary since 6.4 Ma, and about 10–30% since 3 Ma. Late Quaternary shortening rates of the order of 1–5 mm yr^?1, estimated across both the northern and southern parts of the wedge, represent about 10–50 and 5–21% of the total NUVEL‐1 A shortening across the plate boundary at these respective latitudes, implying that most shortening is occurring onshore. Furthermore, possible oblique‐slip thrusting within the wedge may be accommodating boundary‐parallel displacement of 0–6 mm yr^?1, representing 0–17% of the total predicted within the plate boundary.  相似文献   

An analysis of the dynamic characteristics of flotation circuits by time-series analysis     

K. O&#x;Keefe  W. Selby  D.N. Sutherland 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1981,8(2):147-163

Time-series analysis techniques are used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the flotation circuits on the Renison tin concentrator in Tasmania. Routine plant-operating data provide information on the variability of feed streams, the disturbances resulting from normal manual operation, the suitability of certain locations for sitting instruments, and some simple time delays in the circuit. It is also shown how plant upsets and abnormal conditions caused by large perturbations to the operation can prove useful in such studies. Finally, a dynamic experiment is described which shows that disturbances higher in frequency than those in the feed are induced in the roughing and scavenging operations, but that these are filtered out again in the cleaner circuit. The uses and limitations of these techniques are discussed.  相似文献   

The settling behavior and benthic transport of fish feed pellets under steady flows     

T. F. Sutherland  C. L. Amos  C. Ridley  Ian G. Droppo  S. A. Petersen 《Estuaries and Coasts》2006,29(5):810-819

Settling and erosion experiments were carried out on a size range of fish feed pellets using an annular flume. A strong positive correlation was observed between settling rate and pellet dimension (pellet length, pellet dimeter, and equivalent sedimentation diameter). Erosion thresholds also showed a strong positive correlation with pellet dimensions. Experiments were also carried out to examine the effect of the number of pellets on erosion threshold of two sizes. The results show an asymptotic increase in erosion threshold with increasing number of pellets present, possibly due to sheltering effects. The chemical composition of the pellets was analyzed in terms of water and organic, carbon, and nitrogen contents as well as stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results arising from this study will provide, information regarding potential tracers of waste feed material and help validate model predictions associated with dispersal of waste material.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of coir-based rolled erosion control systems in reducing sediment transport from hillslopes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ross A. Sutherland  Alan D. Ziegler 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2007,27(3-4):150-164

Accelerated soil erosion is ubiquitous on human-modified hillslopes. A variety of erosion control products have been developed to reduce on-site soil resource degradation, and off-site transport of sediment and sediment-associated contaminants to receiving water bodies. However, limited quantitative data are available to assess erosion reduction effectiveness, and to establish the salient properties of the erosion control products. A replicated field-based rainfall simulation study was conducted to compare the runoff and erosion effectiveness of three coir (coconut) fiber rolled erosion control systems (RECSs) with a bare (control) treatment. Detailed temporal measurements of runoff and sediment transport were made during two phases of each experiment: (1) a 110-min application of rainfall via a rainfall simulator at 35 mm h⁻¹ after runoff initiation and (2) a 30-min period, at 3 times the flow rate of phase 1, applied via an overland flow generator. All coir treatments enhanced infiltration, delayed time to runoff generation, reduced intensity of rill incision, and reduced sediment output compared to bare treatments. More importantly, statistically significant differences were observed between coir RECSs of different architecture. For the two open weave coir systems tested, the most effective design had a higher mass per area, and less open space between the regularly aligned grid of fibers. The random fiber coir architecture was the most effective, having significantly lower runoff sediment concentrations, lower sediment yields, and a lower frequency of rill initiation. The differences in system architecture are examined in light of fundamental controls on runoff and erosion processes.  相似文献   

Reply to the comments of J. D. Peacock and M. S. Stoker & D. Long     

Donald G. Sutherland 《Quaternary Science Reviews》1985,4(1):ix-xiii

  相似文献   

Characterization of suspended particulate matter surrounding a salmonid net-pen in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sutherland  T. F.; Martin  A. J.; Levings  C. D. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(2):404-410

  相似文献   

Major zircon megacryst suites of the Indo-Pacific lithospheric margin (ZIP) and their petrogenetic and regional implications     

Lin Sutherland  Ian Graham  Gregory Yaxley  Richard Armstrong  Gaston Giuliani  Paul Hoskin  Victor Nechaev  Jon Woodhead 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,110(2-3):399-420

  相似文献