Subgrade-reinforcement techniques for the dangerously deforming sections of railway lines in the north of the Russian Far East     

Alexey Piotrovich  Svetlana Zhdanova 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(3):197-204

This paper lists difficult railway construction conditions that are typical for the northern areas of the Russian Far East. Permafrost-bound issues of railway and highway construction and operation are described. Some of the authors'' developments for subgrade stabilization in the foregoing conditions are given as examples.  相似文献   

Authigenic gold formation in the cyanidation tailings of gold–arsenopyrite–quartz ore of Komsomolsk deposit (Kuznetski Alatau,Russia)     

Maksim V. Kirillov  Svetlana B. Bortnikova  Olga L. Gaskova 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(13):1050

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Fluxes of iron and manganese across the sediment–water interface under various redox conditions     

Svetlana V. Pakhomova  Per O.J. Hall  Mikhail Yu. Kononets  Alexander G. Rozanov  Anders Tengberg  Andrei V. Vershinin 《Marine Chemistry》2007

Fluxes of dissolved forms of iron and manganese across the sediment–water interface were studied in situ in the Gulf of Finland and the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea), and in the Golubaya Bay (Black Sea) from 2001 to 2005. Fluxes were measured using chamber incubations, and sediment cores were collected and sliced to assess the porewater and solid phase metal distribution at different depths. Measured and calculated benthic fluxes of manganese and iron were directed out of sediment for all sites and were found to vary between 70–4450 and 5–1000 µmole m^− 2 day^− 1 for manganese and iron, respectively. The behavior of the studied metals at various redox conditions in the near-bottom water and in the sediment was the main focus in this study. Our results show the importance of bottom water redox conditions for iron fluxes. We measured no fluxes at oxic conditions, intermediate fluxes at anoxic conditions (up to 200 μmole m^− 2 day^− 1) and high fluxes at suboxic conditions (up to 1000 μmole m^− 2 day^− 1). Total dissolved iron fluxes were generally dominated by iron(II). Contribution of iron(III) to the total iron flux did not exceed 20%. Obtained fluxes of manganese at all studied regions showed a linear correlation (r² = 0.97) to its concentration in the porewater of the top sediment layer (0–5 mm) and did not depend on dissolved oxygen concentrations of bottom water. Organically complexed iron and manganese were in most cases not involved in the benthic exchange processes.  相似文献   

Early Wisconsinan (MIS 4) Arctic ground squirrel middens and a squirrel-eye-view of the mammoth-steppe     

Grant D. Zazula  Duane G. Froese  Scott A. Elias  Svetlana Kuzmina  Rolf W. Mathewes 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(17-18):2220-2237

Fossil arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii) middens were recovered from ice-rich loess sediments in association with Sheep Creek-Klondike and Dominion Creek tephras (ca 80 ka) exposed in west-central Yukon. These middens provide plant and insect macrofossil evidence for a steppe-tundra ecosystem during the Early Wisconsinan (MIS 4) glacial interval. Midden plant and insect macrofossil data are compared with those previously published for Late Wisconsinan middens dating to ～25–29¹⁴C ka BP (MIS 3/2) from the region. Although multivariate statistical comparisons suggest differences between the relative abundances of plant macrofossils, the co-occurrence of steppe-tundra plants and insects (e.g., Elymus trachycaulus, Kobresia myosuroides, Artemisia frigida, Phlox hoodii, Connatichela artemisiae) provides evidence for successive reestablishment of the zonal steppe-tundra habitats during cold stages of the Late Pleistocene. Arctic ground squirrels were well adapted to the cold, arid climates, steppe-tundra vegetation and well-drained loessal soils that characterize cold stages of Late Pleistocene Beringia. These glacial conditions enabled arctic ground squirrel populations to expand their range to the interior regions of Alaska and Yukon, including the Klondike, where they are absent today. Arctic ground squirrels have endured numerous Quaternary climate oscillations by retracting populations to disjunct “interglacial refugia” during warm interglacial periods (e.g., south-facing steppe slopes, well-drained arctic and alpine tundra areas) and expanding their distribution across the mammoth-steppe biome during cold, arid glacial intervals.  相似文献   

A contribution to the geochemistry of “Egyptian Alabaster”     

Prof. Dr. E. E. El-Hinnawi  Svetlana M. Loukina M.Sc. 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1972,17(3):215-221

Summary Egyptian Alabaster (marble) exhibits a variety of structures the most common of which are: botryoidal structure, banding, cockade structure, vugs and cavities. Banding which is a characteristic feature consists of alternating translucent and white bands of different sizes. The mineralogical composition of the translucent bands has been determined as magnesian calcite and that of the milky-white bands as normal calcite. Differences in the Ca/Mg and Sr/Ca ratios between both types of bands have been noticed and are attributed to differences in the solubilities of Ca–, Mg–, and Sr-carbonates. The origin of the marble is discussed and is considered to be the product of recrystallization of limestone.

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Beitrag zur geochemie des Ägyptischen Alabasters

Zusammenfassung Agyptischer Alabaster (Marmor) zeigt eine Reihe von Strukturen, von denen am häufigsten sind: traubige Struktur, Bänderung, Kokarden-Struktur, drusige und löchrige Struktur. Die charakteristische Bänderung besteht aus abwechselnd durchscheinenden und weißen Bändern wechselnder Stärke. Die mineralogische Zusammensetzung der durchscheinenden Bänder wurde als Mg-haltiger Calcit und die der milchig-weißen Bänder als gewöhnlicher Calcit bestimmt. Unterschiede im Ca/Mg- und Sr/Ca-Verhältnis zwischen den beiden Typen der Bänder wurden beobachtet; sie werden Löslichkeitsunterschieden der Ca–, Mg– und Sr-Karbonate zugeordnet. Die Genese des Marmors wird diskutiert; er wird als Rekristallisationsprodukt von Kalkstein angesehen.

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Geochemical characteristics of Tertiary Sagara oil from an active forearc basin, Shizuoka, Japan     

Svetlana  Yessalina  Noriyuki  Suzuki  Hiroyuki  Saito 《Island Arc》2006,15(3):292-303

Abstract   The Sagara oil field is located in the Neogene Kakegawa Basin, close to the Izu collision zone at the junction between the main Japanese Islands and the Izu–Bonin Arc. The Sagara oil field is one of the few oil fields situated in a forearc basin on the Pacific side of Japan and is present in a sedimentary basin with poor oil-generating potential. Several crude oils from Sagara oil field were investigated to infer their origin. Organic geochemical characteristics of Sagara oils showed the influences of light biodegradation, migration-contamination, and migration-fractionation. The maturity levels of Sagara oils evaluated based on abundant alkylnaphthalenes corresponded to 0.9–1.2% vitrinite reflectance. Sagara oils were characterized by significant amounts of higher plant biomarkers, a high pristane/phytane ratio and an absence of organic sulphur compounds, suggesting a siliciclastic source rock deposited under nearshore to fluvial–deltaic environments. Numerous faults and fractures in the active forearc basin provided excellent conduits and facilitated upward migration of light hydrocarbons generated at greater depth in the Kakegawa Basin.  相似文献   

Anisotropy in the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle in southeastern Europe obtained from Rayleigh and Love surface waves     

Reneta B. Raykova  Svetlana B. Nikolova 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2003,54(3-4):247

Digital seismograms from 25 earthquakes located in the southeastern part of Europe, recorded by three-component very broadband seismometers at the stations Vitosha (Bulgaria) and Muntele Rosu (Romania), were processed to obtain the dispersion properties of Rayleigh and Love surface waves. Rayleigh and Love group-velocity dispersion curves were obtained by frequency–time analysis (FTAN). The path-averaged shear-wave velocity models were computed from the obtained dispersion curves. The inversion of the dispersion curves was performed using an approach based on the Backus–Gilbert inversion method. Finally, 70 path-averaged velocity models (35 R-models computed from Rayleigh dispersion curves and 35 L-models computed from Love dispersion curves) were obtained for southeastern Europe. For most of the paths, the comparison between each pair of models (R-model and L-models for the same path) shows that for almost all layers the shear-wave velocities in the L-models are higher than in the R-models. The upper sedimentary layers are the only exception. The analysis of both models shows that the depth of the Moho boundary in the L-models is shallower than its depth in the R-models. The existence of an anisotropic layer associated with the Moho boundary at depths of 30–45 km may explain this phenomenon. The anisotropy coefficient was calculated as the relative velocity difference between both R- and L-models at the same depths. The value of this coefficient varies between 0% and 20%. Generally, the anisotropy of the medium caused by the polarization anisotropy is up to 10–12%, so the maximum observed discrepancies between both types of models are also due to the lateral heterogeneity of the shear-wave velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in the region.  相似文献   

Defect distribution and dissolution morphologies on low-index surfaces of α-quartz     

Svetlana V. Yanina  Kevin M. Rosso 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(5):1113-1127

The dissolution of prismatic and rhombohedral quartz surfaces by KOH/H₂O solutions was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Rates of dissolution of different classes of surface features (e.g., steps, voids, and dislocation etch pits) were measured. The prismatic surface etched almost two orders of magnitude faster than the rhombohedral surface, mostly due to the difference in the number and the rate of dissolution of extended defects, such as dislocations. Because of the presence of imperfect twin boundaries, defect densities on the prismatic surface were estimated at 50-100 μm⁻², whereas the rhombohedral surface possessed only ∼0.5-1.0 μm⁻², mostly in the form of crystal voids. Crystal voids etched almost one order of magnitude faster on the prismatic surface than on the rhombohedral surface due to differences in the number and the density of steps formed by voids on the different surfaces. In the absence of extended defects, both surfaces underwent step-wise dissolution at similar rates. Average rates of step retreat were comparable on both surfaces (∼3-5 nm/h on the prismatic surface and ∼5-10 nm/h on the rhombohedral surface). Prolonged dissolution left the prismatic surface reshaped to a hill-and-valley morphology, whereas the rhombohedral surface dissolved to form coalescing arrays of oval-shaped etch pits.  相似文献   

The topology and polarization of sub-beams associated with the 'drifting' subpulse emission of pulsar B0943 + 10 – III. Analysis of Pushchino 103/40-MHz observations     

Joanna M. Rankin  †  Svetlana A. Suleymanova  Avinash A. Deshpande ‡ 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,340(4):1076-1086

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Thermodynamic Evaluation of Mineral Balance in Water Thickness of the Soda Lake Doroninskoe(Eastern Transbaikalia,Russia)     

Svetlana V. BORZENKO  Leonid V. ZAMANA  Daria S. SUVOROVA 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):123-124

正In recent years,lakes,including salted,attract the attention of researchers,also when reconstructing last climate changes using the bottom sediments(Solotchina et al.,2008,et al.).In this case the different geochemical  相似文献