北京一次积层混合云系结构和水分收支的数值模拟分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

陶玥  李军霞  党娟  李宏宇  孙晶 《大气科学》2015,39(3):445-460

本文利用中国气象科学研究院(CAMS)中尺度云分辨模式对2007年10月的一次积层混合云降水过程进行了数值模拟。利用模拟结果结合实测资料, 研究了积层混合云系的宏微观结构和降水特征, 并分析了云系的水分收支及降水效率。结果表明:积层混合云是导致此次北京降水的主要云型;积层混合云降水分布不均匀, 云系中微物理量的水平和垂直分布都不均匀, 具有混合相云的云物理结构。冷云降水过程占主导地位, 雪的融化对雨水的形成贡献最大。北京区域降水过程的主要水汽源地为黄海海面及蒙古国, 两支气流在陕西北部汇合后的西南气流将水汽输送到华北地区, 北京区域以外, 水汽和水凝物主要从西边界和南边界输送到域内。北京区域降水主要时段内, 水物质通量在水平方向上为净流入。对北京区域水汽、水凝物和总水物质的水分收支各项的估算表明, 水物质基本达到平衡。北京区域从2007年10月5日20时至6日14时, 总水成物降水效率、凝结率、凝华率及总水凝物降水效率分别为5.6%、4.77%、4.19%、44.9%。  相似文献   

双多普勒雷达风场反演对一次后向传播雷暴过程的分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙敏  戴建华  袁招洪  陶岚 《气象学报》2015,73(2):247-262

利用常规观测、雷达和加密自动站资料,对2013年9月13日上海地区的一次以后向传播为主要特征、伴有强降水和大风的强对流过程进行了分析,并采用双多普勒雷达风场反演等技术,对其形成的环境条件及后向传播机制进行了研究。由于上海连续多日处在副热带高压(副高)西北侧边缘,具备了充足的水汽和较强的不稳定条件,地面辐合线在上海北部触发了初始对流,其出流与地面风场的辐合在西南侧不断触发出新的对流单体,出现了与引导气流相反、指向西南方向的雷暴传播矢量,当单体的新生传播速率大于引导流速率时,雷暴整体产生了与引导气流相反的后向移动。针对该后向传播机制的研究表明:对流单体强下沉运动形成的阵风锋在其西南方向与环境西南风辐合,并与该处原有的地面辐合线碰撞造成更强烈的上升气流,触发新的单体生成,新单体发展成熟后产生强降水和强下沉运动,加强和维持了其西南侧的阵风锋,使得阵风锋向西南方向推进并继续触发新单体生成;风场反演的垂直运动分布和演变也显示了多个对流单体从东北向西南依次表现出消散、成熟和新生阶段的特征。因此,本次过程中形成了"雷暴单体新生发展—成熟后缓慢东北向移动—产生强降水、下沉运动和大风在其西南侧触发新单体"的循环;向西南方向推进的地面阵风锋与原有的地面辐合线共同形成了雷暴西南侧局地锋生区,与新生对流区的位置一致,是该次过程后向传播的主要原因。  相似文献   

Optical detection of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms based on multispectral reflectance     

TAO Bangyi  PAN Delu  MAO Zhihu  SHEN Yuzhang  ZHU Qiankun  CHEN Jianyu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(10):48-56

Prorocentrum donghaiense is one of the most common red tide causative dinoflagellates in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and the adjacent area of the East China Sea. It causes large-scale blooms in late spring and early summer that lead to widespread ecologic and economic damage. A means for distinguish- ing dinoflagellate blooms from diatom （Skeletonema costatum） blooms is desired. On the basis of measure- ments of remote sensing refectance [Rrs（λ）] and inherent optical parameters, the potential of using a mul- tispectral approach is assessed for discriminating the algal blooms due to P. donghaiense from those due to S. costatum. The behavior of two reflectance ratios [R1 = Rrs（560）/Rrs（532） and Re = Rrs（708）/Rrs（665）], suggests that differentiation of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom bloom types is possible from the current band setup of ocean color sensors. It is found that there are two reflectance ratio regimes that indicate a bloom is dominated by P. donghaiense; （1） R1 〉 1.55 and R2 〈 1.0 or （2） R1 〉 1.75 and R2 ≥ 1.0. Various sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the variation in varying levels of chlorophyll concentration and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） as well as changes in the backscattering ratio （bbp/bp） on the efficacy of this muitispectral approach. Results indicate that the intensity and inherent op- tical properties of the algal species explain much of the behavior of the two ratios. Although backscattering influences the amplitude of Rrs（λ）, especially in the 530 and 560 nm bands, the discrimination between P. donghaiense and diatoms is not significantly affected by the variation of bbp/bp. Since aCDOM （440） in coastal areas of the ECS is typically lower than 1.0 m-1 in most situations, the presence of CDOM does not interfere with this discrimination, even as SCDOM varies from 0.01 to 0.026 nm-1. Despite all of these effects, the dis- crimination of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom blooms based on multispectral measurements of Rrs（λ） is feasible.  相似文献   

西藏岗巴-定日盆地盖层特征与评价     

王进军  马润泽  李亚林  陶晓风  张瑞军  严冰 《新疆地质》2010,28(2)

岗巴-定日盆地发育一定厚度的生储盖层,作为可能盖层其分布较广.通过野外采集盖层样和室内测试样品的孔隙度、渗透率、突破压力等物性参数,结合盖层的横向展布及厚度,综合分析盖层封盖能力,作出正确评价.研究结果表明,盆地内不同地层中均有不同类型盖层分布,且单层厚度大,其封盖性不同,多为有利-较好盖层,为研究西藏油气保存提供了有力的地质依据.  相似文献   

利用井中磁方位异常判断磁性体位置的方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨坤彪  陶德益  范新省 《物探与化探》2010,34(6)

根据国产井中磁力仪能计算钻孔中无磁干扰井段磁方位角,而引入受水平磁异常干扰产生磁方位异常Δβ的概念;并阐明Δβ的符号与水平磁异常ΔH方向的对应特性,从而得出Δβ曲线图型与磁性体相对于钻孔位置的关系,提出Δβ为井中磁测定位解释的一个辅助参量。  相似文献   

内蒙古金豆子山铅锌矿地质特征及成因初析     

鲁玉龙  陶晓风 《四川地质学报》2010,30(4):420-423

金豆子山铅锌矿赋存于华北地台北缘、白云鄂博裂谷带中的中元古界白云鄂博群地层中,属中低温热液矿床,受断裂破碎带控制。该矿床地表已控制的Ⅰ号矿带为矿床的主矿带,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ号矿带为隐伏矿带。矿石储量670多万吨,铅锌金属量约24万吨,平均品位铅1.85%,锌1.65%。围岩蚀变有褐铁矿化、硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、含铁锰碳酸盐化等。今后找矿的方向为金豆子山倒转背斜的断裂破碎带内,进一步勘查有望找到成因类似的铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

Bedload transport and bed resistance associated with density and turbidity currents     

OCTAVIO E. SEQUEIROS  BENOIT SPINEWINE  RICK T. BEAUBOUEF  TAO SUN  MARCELO H. GARCIA  GARY PARKER 《Sedimentology》2010,57(6):1463-1490

Turbidity currents in the ocean are driven by suspended sediment. Yet results from surveys of the modern sea floor and turbidite outcrops indicate that they are capable of transporting as bedload and depositing particles as coarse as cobble sizes. While bedload cannot drive turbidity currents, it can strongly influence the nature of the deposits they emplace. This paper reports on the first set of experiments which focus on bedload transport of granular material by density underflows. These underflows include saline density flows, hybrid saline/turbidity currents and a pure turbidity current. The use of dissolved salt is a surrogate for suspended mud which is so fine that it does not settle out readily. Thus, all the currents can be considered to be model turbidity currents. The data cover four bed conditions: plane bed, dunes, upstream‐migrating antidunes and downstream‐migrating antidunes. The bedload transport relation obtained from the data is very similar to those obtained for open‐channel flows and, in fact, is fitted well by an existing relation determined for open‐channel flows. In the case of dunes and downstream‐migrating antidunes, for which flow separation on the lee sides was observed, form drag falls in a range that is similar to that due to dunes in sand‐bed rivers. This form drag can be removed from the total bed shear stress using an existing relation developed for rivers. Once this form drag is subtracted, the bedload data for these cases collapse to follow the same relation as for plane beds and upstream‐migrating antidunes, for which no flow separation was observed. A relation for flow resistance developed for open‐channel flows agrees well with the data when adapted to density underflows. Comparison of the data with a regime diagram for field‐scale sand‐bed rivers at bankfull flow and field‐scale measurements of turbidity currents at Monterey Submarine Canyon, together with Shields number and densimetric Froude number similarity analyses, provide strong evidence that the experimental relations apply at field scale as well.  相似文献   

论新疆吐哈盆地的两种构造单元体系     

陶明信 《地质通报》2010,29(2)

重点研究了吐哈盆地构造单元的类型、构造属性及其与构造反转之间的关系等相关问题.吐哈盆地的构造单元可归为2种不同类型的体系:坳陷/隆起-凹陷/凸起类型的体系和构造带类型的体系.前者为沉积构造单元,具有同沉积构造的属性.可代表盆地形成时期的伸展性结构与构造;后者则为变形构造单元,具有"后生或次生"构造的属性,反映或代表了后期的构造反转.吐哈盆地"东西分块"应是同沉积期构造格局的表象,"南北分带"则主要是后期挤压与构造反转的结果.由此也进一步证明,吐哈原型盆地属伸展性盆地,后期则因挤压改造而发生了构造反转.前述各种特征则可能是此类构造反转盆地所具有的特殊的地质构造现象.  相似文献   

沉积型铝土矿预测方法及其影响因素——以贵州省铝土矿为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶平  许启松  刘坤 《地质通报》2010,29(10):1533-1538

以全国矿产资源潜力评价技术要求为基础,以贵州省铝土矿预测方法为实例,在简述国内沉积型铝土矿矿床类型、特征和预测方法的基础上,重点论述了地质单元法、网格单元法中划分预测单元、拟选预测要素和赋值的方法,以及地质填图精度、矿床特征、地-物-化-遥等信息对矿产预测的影响。该网格单元法考虑因素较全面,应用信息较充分,预测精度达到了矿体-矿床级。  相似文献   

西藏措勤曲洛地区新发现侏罗纪地层     

赵兵  刘登忠  陶晓风  马润则  胡新伟  王辉 《地质通报》2010,29(10):1633-1639

在西藏措勤县曲洛乡门缸错地区发现了侏罗纪地层,详细描述了实测的侏罗系剖面,将该套地层暂时命名为曲洛组。讨论了该组的岩石组合特征和沉积环境,认为主要为一套海陆过渡三角洲—滨岸泻湖相沉积。根据曲洛组中的双壳化石、古植物及孢粉组合特征将这套地层的时代确定为早侏罗世。措勤地区下侏罗统的发现为区域地质构造演化研究和矿产资源勘查提供了新资料。  相似文献