Gas-related morphologies and diapirism in the Gulf of Cádiz     

M. C. Fernández-Puga  J. T. Vázquez  L. Somoza  V. Díaz del Rio  T. Medialdea  M. P. Mata  R. León 《Geo-Marine Letters》2007,27(2-4):213-221

Recently developed high-resolution profiling (multibeam, sonar) and surface sampling were used to map seafloor morphology of the Gulf of Cádiz middle continental slope. Multichannel seismic profiling has made it possible to elucidate the geologic origin of these features as well as the main triggering mechanisms of gas-related morphologies, principally mud volcanoes, carbonate mud mounds, pockmarks and slides. Throughout the entire Gulf of Cádiz, from the continental slope to the shelf and even on land, a close correlation between morphology and gas mobility and associated diapirism can be observed. The middle slope area is strongly deformed by several diapiric ridges, named Guadalquivir, Cádiz and Doñana. Most of the diapirs identified in this study are related to the Allochthonous Unit of the Gulf of Cádiz, a chaotic body emplaced during the Tortonian, containing salt and shale nappes affected by later gravitational extension collapse and reactivated compression thrusts. It can be proposed that diapirism and related tectonics provided gas migration pathways.  相似文献   

Variation in the Sizes of Chthamalid ­Barnacle Post-Settlement Cyprids on European Shores     

Ruth M. O'Riordan  Jane Delany    David McGrath    Alan A. Myers  Anne Marie Power    Neil F. Ramsay  Damaso Alvarez  Teresa Cruz  Federica G. Pannacciulli    Pedro Range  & Giulio Relini 《Marine Ecology》2001,22(4):307-322

Abstract. As part of a wider study on the settlement and recruitment of Chthamalus spp. in Europe, this study investigated whether chthamalid cyprids can be separated by length on a European scale. Variation in cyprid length with latitude and temporal variation at selected localities were also examined. The lengths of cyprids collected between 1996 – 1999 on nine rocky shores in Europe are reported. Elminius modestus cyprids were found only at Roscoff, NW France and could be distinguished due to their carapace shape and length. They showed a unimodal length distribution, measuring between 450 and 625 µm, with no variation in length between the two sampling dates (1997 and 1998). Based on carapace shape and length, the remaining cyprids in the collections were identified as one of three chthamalid species, Chthamalus montagui, Chthamalus stellatus or Euraphia depressa. Bimodal length distributions of chthamalid cyprids were seen on some shores, while others had a single small‐sized modal group (representing C. montagui on Atlantic shores and/or E. depressa in the Mediterranean) separated from a few distinctly larger cyprids (C. stellatus). Metamorphs collected simultaneously with cyprid collections were identified as C. stellatus or C. montagui, except at Roscoff, where E. modestus were also found. In southern Portugal, where all metamorphs collected were C. montagui and adult C. montagui were the dominant barnacles, most cyprids measured between 350 and 550 µm long and this size distribution coincides with the distribution expected for C. montagui. Cyprids collected on these four more southerly Portuguese shores had the same modal length class (475 µm) and this remained constant between successive years at Luz and Albufeira, Algarve. The smallest (350 µm long) wild chthamalid cyprids found were from southern Portugal and Italy. In Spain, France and Ireland the smallest chthamalid cyprid was 425 µm long. The results from the present study support the hypothesis that on Atlantic shores cyprids of C. montagui can be separated from those of C. stellatus based on size, although there is some variation in cyprid length with latitude as well as temporal variation at selected localities.  相似文献   

High resolution distribution of magnesium and strontium and the evaluation of Mg/Ca thermometry in Recent brachiopod shells     

Alberto Pérez-Huerta  Maggie Cusack  Teresa E. Jeffries  C. Terry Williams 《Chemical Geology》2008,247(1-2):229-241

High resolution distribution of magnesium and strontium determined by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) are presented in this study for Recent brachiopod shells. The concentration of magnesium and strontium decreases in a similar fashion from the outer to inner regions of shells of rhynchonelliform species but remains unaltered in craniid brachiopods. In rhynchonelliform brachiopods with low-magnesium shells, there is a characteristic chemical profile with an abrupt decrease in magnesium concentration from the primary layer towards the secondary layer until it reaches a region in which the values are almost constant. In addition, there is a proportional relationship in magnesium concentration between primary and secondary layers. Both findings demonstrate the biological control in magnesium incorporation in rhynchonelliform brachiopods confirming previously reported findings. Calculated Mg/Ca ratios based on magnesium concentrations within the innermost region of the secondary layer show that rhynchonelliform brachiopods can record seawater temperature. This finding opens up the possibility of using Mg/Ca (palaeo) thermometry even within the context of biological control and the potential application of Mg/Ca ratios as a seawater temperature proxy in fossil brachiopods.  相似文献   

The Vegetation Resilience After Fire (VRAF) index: Development,implementation and an illustration from central Italy     

Marina Bisson  Alessandro FornaciaiAlessandro Coli  Francesco MazzariniMaria Teresa Pareschi 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008

A suitable index is proposed to evaluate the natural short–medium-term recovery capability of vegetation in burnt areas. The study area covers 2450 km² in western Tuscany (Province of Pisa, Italy). This region is characterized by a typical Mediterranean climate and is subject to fire damage during the dry summer season. Damage is mitigated where a natural rapid regrowth of vegetation prevents soil erosion, supporting the return to a natural pre-fire state.  相似文献   

Calculation of the thermodynamic and geochemical consequences of nonideal mixing in the system H₂O-CO₂-NaCl on phase relations in geologic systems: Equation of state for H₂O-CO₂-NaCl fluids at high pressures and temperatures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Teresa Suter Bowers  Harold C. Helgeson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(7):1247-1275

Fluid inclusion analyses leave little doubt that solutions containing large concentrations of H₂O, CO₂, and electrolytes are involved in a wide range of geologic processes. Although the miscibility gap in the system H₂O-CO₂ occurs only at low temperatures, experimental data reported by Takenouchi and Kennedy (1965) and Gehrig (1980) indicate that the addition of 6 weight percent NaCl relative to H₂O + Nacl extends the region of immiscibility in the system H₂O-CO₂-NaC] to ≥700°C at 500 bars and mole fractions of CO₂ (X_CO2) ? 0.1. In contrast, addition of 20 weight percent NaCl relative to H₂O + NaCl at 700°C and 500 bars expands the miscibility gap to X_CO2 ? 0.2. At 2000 bars, addition of 20 and 35 weight percent NaCl relative to H₂O + NaCl causes the miscibility gap to extend to ~500° and ~700°C, respectively, at . The existence of the immiscible region in this high-pressure/temperature environment has a profound effect on temperatures of equilibration for metamorphic mineral assemblages (Bowers and Helgeson, 1983). To determine the extent to which nonideality in the ternary system affects these equilibria, the modified Redlich-Kwong (MRK.) equation of state was fit to pressure-volume-temperature data taken from Gehrig (1980) along pseudobinaries for which is constant. Fugacity coefficients of the components were then generated from the fugacity coefficient analog of the MRK equation of state and these coefficients were used together with solubility data to determine the compositions of the coexisting immiscible phases. The tie lines connecting the coexisting phases shift in orientation from nearly parallel to the H₂O-CO₂ binary at low temperatures to almost perpendicular to this binary at high temperatures.  相似文献   

The geochemistry of Jurassic dolerites from Portal Peak,Antarctica     

Janet M. Hergt  Bruce W. Chappell  Gunter Faure  Teresa M. Mensing 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,102(3):298-305

Geochemical and isotopic analyses have been performed on a suite of samples from a Jurassic quartz tholeiite sill of the Ferrar Group at Portal Peak, Queen Alexandra Range, near the Beardmore Glacier in Antarctica. The data include major and trace element (XRF and INAA) concentrations, as well as Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, and are combined with the results of other studies on samples from Antarctica. It is demonstrated that despite differences in the pre-intrusion (or eruption) evolution of the Ferrar Group magmas, the similarity in isotopic and chemical compositions for these rocks supports the existence of a remarkably uniform mantle source with unusual signature over a distance of thousands of kilometres. The favoured origin of this source involves the subduction of terrestrial sedimentary material into a depleted mantle reservoir.  相似文献   

Reply to:     

Massimiliano Favalli  Dávid Karátson  Roberto Mazzuoli  Maria Teresa Pareschi  Guido Ventura 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,70(1):117-118

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Corrigendum to “A multivariate index based on the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (POMI) to assess ecological status of coastal waters under the framework directive (WFD)” [Marine Pollution Bulletin 55 (2007) 196-204]     

Javier Romero  Teresa Alcoverro 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(5):631

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Maximum extent and readvance dynamics of the Irish Sea Ice Stream and Irish Sea Glacier since the Last Glacial Maximum     

J. D. Scourse  R. C. Chiverrell  R. K. Smedley  D. Small  M. J. Burke  M. Saher  K. J. J. Van Landeghem  G. A. T. Duller  C. Ó Cofaigh  M. D. Bateman  S. Benetti  S. Bradley  L. Callard  D. J. A. Evans  D. Fabel  G. T. H. Jenkins  S. McCarron  A. Medialdea  S. Moreton  X. Ou  D. Praeg  D. H. Roberts  H. M. Roberts  C. D. Clark 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(5):780-804

The BRITICE-CHRONO Project has generated a suite of recently published radiocarbon ages from deglacial sequences offshore in the Celtic and Irish seas and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide and optically stimulated luminescence ages from adjacent onshore sites. All published data are integrated here with new geochronological data from Wales in a revised Bayesian analysis that enables reconstruction of ice retreat dynamics across the basin. Patterns and changes in the pace of deglaciation are conditioned more by topographic constraints and internal ice dynamics than by external controls. The data indicate a major but rapid and very short-lived extensive thin ice advance of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS) more than 300 km south of St George's Channel to a marine calving margin at the shelf break at 25.5 ka; this may have been preceded by extensive ice accumulation plugging the constriction of St George's Channel. The release event between 25 and 26 ka is interpreted to have stimulated fast ice streaming and diverted ice to the west in the northern Irish Sea into the main axis of the marine ISIS away from terrestrial ice terminating in the English Midlands, a process initiating ice stagnation and the formation of an extensive dead ice landscape in the Midlands.  相似文献   

Bacterially mediated mineralization of vaterite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro  Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez  Maria Teresa Gonzalez-Muñoz 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(5):1197-1213

Myxococcus xanthus, a common soil bacterium, plays an active role in the formation of spheroidal vaterite. Bacterial production of CO₂ and NH₃ and the transformation of the NH₃ to and OH⁻, thus increasing solution pH and carbonate alkalinity, set the physicochemical conditions (high supersaturation) leading to vaterite precipitation in the microenvironment around cells, and directly onto the surface of bacterial cells. In the latter case, fossilization of bacteria occurs. Vaterite crystals formed by aggregation of oriented nanocrystals with c-axis normal to the bacterial cell-wall, or to the core of the spherulite when bacteria were not encapsulated. While preferred orientation of vaterite c-axis appears to be determined by electrostatic affinity (ionotropic effect) between vaterite crystal (0001) planes and the negatively charged functional groups of organic molecules on the bacterium cell-wall or on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), analysis of the changes in the culture medium chemistry as well as high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations point to polymorph selection by physicochemical (kinetic) factors (high supersaturation) and stabilization by organics, both connected with bacterial activity. The latter is in agreement with inorganic precipitation of vaterite induced by NH₃ and CO₂ addition in the protein-rich sterile culture medium. Our results as well as recent studies on vaterite precipitation in the presence of different types of bacteria suggest that bacterially mediated vaterite precipitation is not strain-specific, and could be more common than previously thought.  相似文献