Evolution of fault geometry and development of strike-slip basins: Comparative studies on the transform zones in Turkey and Japan     

Toshikazu  Yoshioka 《Island Arc》1996,5(4):407-419

Abstract Although the origins of pull-apart basins and push-up bulges have been discussed by numerous geologists, no discussion has been held on the development process of the basins based on recent active traces and Quaternary chronology. The author has investigated recent fault-active traces and fault topography in the Havza-Ladik, Erbaa-Niksar, Susehri-Golova and Erzincan sedimentary basins along the North Anatolian fault in northern Turkey and the Suwa basin along the Itoigawa-Shizuoka tectonic line (fault system) in central Japan. As a result of this investigation, the locations and sense of deformation of recent active traces seldom coincide with topographic scarps along basin margins in the studied basins. The fault traces have migrated from the basin margins to the center of the basins and become straight. Because of this migration, jogs are extinguished and basins stop subsiding as time passes. Fault topography formed by a strike-slip fault has a certain life span, and the life span is in proportion to the size of the topography. Fault topography formed by various sizes of jogs of a strike-slip fault is formed and extinguished in the corresponding time range, and this extinction is repeated in the course of migration of fault traces.  相似文献   

Distribution of fluoride in waters of Tokyo Bay     

Yasushi Kitano  Yukihiro Furukawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1972,28(3):121-125

  相似文献   

Acoustic scattering by an arbitrarily shaped body: an application of the boundary-element method     

Okumura  Tsuyoshi; Masuya  Toshikazu; Takao  Yoshimi; Sawada  Kouichi 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(3):563-570

  相似文献   

Geochemical study on the formation of carbonate sediment     

Yasushi Kitano 《Journal of Oceanography》1986,42(5):402-420

It is indeed my great honor to receive the Oceanographical Society of Japan Prize (1986) for my geochemical study on the formation of carbonate sediment. The present article reviews my work on crystal form and minor element distribution in marine biogenic carbonates, which is an important part of my study on the above title. The contents of this article are: (1) outline of my research work, (2) aim of geochemical study on carbonate sediment, (3) basic knowledge for crystal form and minor element distribution in carbonates, (4) influence of chemical constituents dissolved in a parent solution on the polymorphic crystallization of calcium carbonate, (5) crystal form and type of marine biogenic carbonates, (6) synthesis of magnegian calcite in aqueous solution, (7) distribution of minor elements between solution and calcium carbonate precipitate, (8) amount of biogenic carbonate deposition annually in the ocean and (9) role of biogenic carbonate accumulating on the sea floor in the geochemical balance of chemical elements.  相似文献   

Nine requirements for the origin of Earth's life:Not at the hydrothermal vent,but in a nuclear geyser system     

Shigenori Maruyama  Ken Kurokawa  Toshikazu Ebisuzaki  Yusuke Sawaki  Konomi Suda  M.Santo 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(4):1337-1357

The origin of life on Earth remains enigmatic with diverse models and debates.Here we discuss essential requirements for the first emergence of life on our planet and propose the following nine requirements:(1)an energy source(ionizing radiation and thermal energy);(2)a supply of nutrients(P.K.REE.etc.);(3)a supply of life-constituting major elements;(4)a high concentration of reduced gases such as CH_4,HCN and NH_3;(5)dry-wet cycles to create membranes and polymerize RNA;(6)a non-toxic aqueous environment;(7)Na-poor water;(8)highly diversified environments,and(9)cyclic conditions,such as dayto-night,hot-to-cold etc.Based on these nine requirements,we evaluate previously proposed locations for the origin of Earth's life,including:(1)Darwin's "warm little pond",leading to a "prebiotic soup" for life;(2)panspermia or Neo-panspermia(succession model of panspermia);(3)transportation from/through Mars;(4)a deepsea hydrothermal system;(5)an on-land subduct ion-zone hot spring,and(6)a geyser systems driven by a natural nuclear reactor.We conclude that location(6)is the most ideal candidate for the o rigin point for Earth's life because of its efficiency in continuously supplying both the energy and the necessary materials for life,thereby maintaining the essential "cradle" for its initial development.We also emphasize that falsifiable working hypothesis provides an important tool to evaluate one of the biggest mysteries of the universe-the origin of life.  相似文献   

A non-linear rheological analysis of deeply located tunnels     

Tomoyuki Akagi  Yasuaki Ichikawa  Hidetaka Kuroda  Toshikazu Kawamoto 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1984,8(5):457-471

A rheological model which is able to explain the delayed failure phenomenon has been proposed and applied to the analysis of the time dependent behaviour of deep tunnels. The model is the three element Voigt type before yielding and becomes the five element Voigt type after yielding. This means that the stiffness of the model is decreased by yielding. It is assumed that the yielding takes place when the stored elastic energy density of distortion reaches a certain maximum value. Some experiments to determine material constants are proposed. The numerical results clearly exhibited a delayed failure state of the rock masses around the tunnel surface. It was found that the extension of the yielding zone due to tunnel excavation depends on the opening method.  相似文献   

Tunnelling through squeezing rock in two large fault zones of the Enasan Tunnel II     

Fuminori Kimura  Nobuyuki Okabayashi  Toshikazu Kawamoto 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1987,20(3):151-166

Summary In spite of the high content of clay in the rock, blasting technique had to be adopted for excavation because the hydrothermally altered clay was interbedded in the hard rock. Problems with groundwater did not arise owing to the dewatering effect of the pilot tunnel.  相似文献