浙江省空气质量与大气自净能力的特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郁珍艳  李正泉  高大伟  王阔 《气象》2017,43(3):323-332

利用最新的高时空分辨率ERA-Interim探空和地面资料,计算分析了1979—2015年浙江省大气输送和自净能力的时空分布变化特征,结合环保局空气质量监测数据探讨了浙江省空气质量与大气自净能力的关系,结果表明:大气自净能力在春、夏季表现出沿海地区小,内陆地区大的分布;到了秋、冬季,沿海地区大气自净能力增大,内陆地区则减小;研究时段内全省平均大气自净能力有增大趋势。表征低层输送能力的10 m风速在秋、冬季最大,夏季最小,随时间略有减小,这是浙江省空气污染加剧的可能原因之一;10 m风速的分布基本呈从东部沿海地区往西部山区逐渐减小的变化趋势,秋、冬季风速略大,以偏北风为主。浙江省大部分地区冬季大气自净能力最差,盛行的偏北风又容易将北方污染物带下来,因此冬季是浙江省最易发生空气污染的时段。当风速较小,风向转为偏西北风时,污染物从北方输入并且积累,最易出现较严重的污染天气。中度及以上的空气污染主要发生在杭嘉湖、宁波、绍兴、金华这些经济发达的地区,沿海地区的舟山、温州、台州由于大气输送条件好发生站次很少。丽水和衢州山区海拔高,加之本地工业经济发展较弱,空气污染发生的频次较少。  相似文献   

Simultaneous declines in radon and methane precursory to 2008 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>W</Subscript> 5.0 Antung earthquake: corroboration of in-situ volatilization     

T. Kuo  W. Cheng  C. Lin  K. Fan  G. Chang  T. Yang 《Natural Hazards》2010,54(2):367-372

Radon volatilization mechanism into the gas phase was hypothesized to explain the anomalous decline in groundwater radon precursory to the 2003 M _W = 6.8 Chengkung earthquake in Taiwan. We initiated the monitoring of both radon and methane in the groundwater since November 2007 at well D1 in the Antung hot spring. The mechanism of in-situ radon volatilization has been corroborated by the simultaneous anomalous declines in groundwater-dissolved radon and methane precursory to the 2008 M _W 5.0 Antung earthquake.  相似文献   

Characterization of groundwater quality in Kinmen Island using multivariate analysis and geochemical modelling     

Chen‐Wuing Liu  Cheng‐Shin Jang  Chan‐Po Chen  Chun‐Nan Lin  Kuo‐Liang Lou 《水文研究》2008,22(3):376-383

Kinmen is located in the south‐west of Mainland China and mainly has two islands, Large Kinmen and Leiyu. Residents in Kinmen have drunk groundwater over several decades. This work characterized the quality of groundwater in Kinmen using factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) and geochemical simulation. The factor scores were plotted spatially to illustrate the groundwater quality and were used to discuss the grouped relationship using CA. Salinization, redox and organic matter factors are identified from 17 hydrochemical measurements in 18 wells. Acidic and oxidizing groundwater with nitrate‐N pollution is distributed mainly in the west of Large Kinmen. Saline groundwater is distributed to the north‐east of Large Kinmen and in the south of Leiyu. Groundwater with organic matter is present throughout Leiyu. Five groups of the groundwater quality divided by CA can be interpreted according to one to three factors. The grouped characteristics of the groundwater quality help the local government and industries to plan the use and protection of groundwater resources. Furthermore, a geochemical simulation was used to demonstrate the formation processes of the acidic and oxidizing groundwater properties in granitic sediments. A large amount of the precipitation of the kaolinite and magnetite releases concentrations of hydrogen ion and raises the redox potential in the aquifers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis and modeling of a tropical-like cyclonein the Mediterranean Sea     

R. J. Reed  Y.-H. Kuo  M. D. Albright  K. Gao  Y.-R. Guo  W. Huang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2001,76(3-4):183-202

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On Production of Long-term Mean Zonal Current and Eddy Momentum and Heat Transports in Atmosphere     

H. L. Kuo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(5-6):1047-1063

— The mean zonal velocity in the atmosphere is taken as being created continually by the global scale Hadley circulation produced by the differential solar heating through the balance between the Coriolis effect and vertical diffusion, and not by conservation of absolute momentum. Hence a proper determination of the diffusion coefficient becomes the key to the solution of the zonal flow problem. In this study we take the flow field as composed of a primary global scale Hadley circulation, and a secondary flow created by the convergences of the eddy transports of heat and momentum and surface friction, which give rise to the classical three cell structure of the meridional circulation but which only modifies the zonal velocity distribution slightly.¶Finally, we use the equilibrium solution of the perturbation potential vorticity equation to obtain the eddy transports of momentum and heat, with the zonal velocity given by the primary Hadley flow as the basic flow, and we found that they are close to the statistically observed values, demonstrating that the system can maintain itself.  相似文献   

中国暴雨中尺度系统发生与发展的诊断分析和数值模拟(Ⅰ)诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

程麟生  Ying-Hwa Kuo  彭新东  李小莉 《应用气象学报》1993,4(3):256-268

通过对我国三次(“81.7”、“81.8”和“91.7”)典型大暴雨过程的动力学和热力学诊断来探讨暴雨中尺度系统发生与发展的问题。大、中尺度天气分析指出,无论是发生在我国东部的“91.7”暴雨过程,还是出现在西部地区的“81.7”和“81.8”暴雨过程,都与在特定大尺度环流形势下持续发展的中尺度系统直接关联。涡度诊断表明,高、低空正涡度中心的叠加和耦合、并形成一个正涡度柱是这类暴雨中尺度系统持续发展的一种共同特征。根据场分解涡度方程获得的涡源诊断表明,涡源对这类中尺度系统的发生和发展具有重要的动力学贡献。中尺度热量和水汽收支诊断揭示,视热源 Q_1和视水汽汇 Q_2的垂直积分高值区,与低涡或低涡切变线及其暴雨区基本一致;Q_1(Q_2)的面积平均最大加热(增湿)区间出现在对流层中、上(下)部;由于感热和潜热对流涡动通量辐合的加热,在其上部近乎等于凝结释放潜热量的一半。  相似文献   

An Image-Well Method for Predicting Drawdown Distribution in Aquifers with Irregularly Shaped Boundaries     

M.C.T. Kuo  W. L. Wang  D. S. Lin  C. C. Lin  C. J. Chiang 《Ground water》1994,32(5):794-804

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Characteristics of disturbances in the atmosphere and oceans     

H. L. Kuo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(4):915-936

The characteristics of the disturbances in the atmosphere and oceans and in other stably stratified and rotating fluids are analyzed according to their phase and group velocities. It is shown that both stable stratification and rotation augment the velocity of the sound waves, and that the internal gravity waves and inertial waves are mutually exclusive when the Brunt-Väisälä frequency is different from the Coriolis parameter. It is also shown that both the barotropic and the internal Rossby waves are well separated from the gravity waves and that they can be represented accurately by the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation, even close to the equator, except for the one member withn=0 which is coupled with an eastward propagating gravity wave.  相似文献   

Power laws of high Rayleigh number convection     

H. L. Kuo 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1979,17(1):29-39

Previous theoretical and observational investigations have shown that vertical plumes are formed in the high Rayleigh number convection field over heated horizontal surfaces and that these plumes become unsteady and turbulent when the Rayleigh number is higher than about 20 times its critical value R _c. Based on these results, we conclude that the dissipation of kinetic energy takes place mainly in the surface boundary layer in high Rayleigh number laminar convection and mainly in the vertical plumes in turbulent convection, while the conversion of eddy potential energy into kinetic energy is accomplished mainly in the well-mixed main body of the fluid. On making use of these rather general conclusions concerning the kinetic energy generation and dissipation processes in the energy integrals, we are able to derive the well known 5/4 and 4/3 power laws of upward heat transfer by laminar and turbulent convections theoretically.  相似文献   

On the frequency distribution of interoccurrence times of earthquakes     

Jeen-Hwa Wang  Chiao-Hui Kuo 《Journal of Seismology》1998,2(4):351-358

The distributions of discrete frequency, N, versus interoccurrence time, t (in days), of M 7 earthquakes in the Taiwan region during the 1900–1994 period, M 6 earthquakes in the north-south seismic belt of China during the 1900–1990 period, and M 5.5 earthquakes in Southern California, U.S.A., during the 1914–1995 period are studied through two statistical models (gamma function and exponential function). Results show that both the exponential function and gamma function can describe the distributions. However, the former is more appropriate than the latter. This indicates that the three time series of earthquakes have a significant component of Poisson processes, even though the tectonic conditions, the fault distributions and the size of the three seismic regions are different.  相似文献