East African rifts: R. W. Girdler (editor). Elsevier,Amsterdam (Developments in Geotectonics, 7), 1972, 186 pp., Dfl. 27.50     

R.B. Whitmarsh 《Marine Geology》1975,18(3):138

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Uncertainty, scepticism and attitudes towards climate change: biased assimilation and attitude polarisation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Adam Corner  Lorraine Whitmarsh  Dimitrios Xenias 《Climatic change》2012,114(3-4):463-478

‘Scepticism’ in public attitudes towards climate change is seen as a significant barrier to public engagement. In an experimental study, we measured participants’ scepticism about climate change before and after reading two newspaper editorials that made opposing claims about the reality and seriousness of climate change (designed to generate uncertainty). A well-established social psychological finding is that people with opposing attitudes often assimilate evidence in a way that is biased towards their existing attitudinal position, which may lead to attitude polarisation. We found that people who were less sceptical about climate change evaluated the convincingness and reliability of the editorials in a markedly different way to people who were more sceptical about climate change, demonstrating biased assimilation of the information. In both groups, attitudes towards climate change became significantly more sceptical after reading the editorials, but we observed no evidence of attitude polarisation—that is, the attitudes of these two groups did not diverge. The results are the first application of the well-established assimilation and polarisation paradigm to attitudes about climate change, with important implications for anticipating how uncertainty—in the form of conflicting information—may impact on public engagement with climate change.  相似文献   

Searching for sustainability in aquaculture: An investigation into the economic prospects for an integrated salmon–mussel production system     

David J. Whitmarsh  Elizabeth J. Cook  Kenneth D. Black 《Marine Policy》2006

The pollution effects of cage aquaculture represent an external cost to society, and the challenge for environmental economists has been to estimate the magnitude of these costs and to suggest ways in which they can be mitigated or ‘internalised’. One possible mitigation strategy involves the development of integrated production systems based on polyculture, and this paper examines the financial viability of such a system that integrates the farming of salmon and mussels. The results demonstrate the commercial potential of an integrated salmon–mussel production system under present market conditions, but highlight the critical role played by future price trends.  相似文献   

Explosion seismology in central Europe: Data and results: P. Giese,C. Prodehl and A. Stein (Editors). Springer-Verlag,Berlin-Heidelberg-New York,N.Y., 1976, 429 pp., DM 146.00/US $59.90     

R.B. Whitmarsh 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1978,16(2):180-181

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Azimuthal seismic anisotropy in a zone of exhumed continental mantle, West Iberia margin     

P. B. Cole  T. A. Minshull  R. B. Whitmarsh 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,151(2):517-533

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Age of Seychelles–India break-up   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J.S. Collier  V. Sansom  O. Ishizuka  R.N. Taylor  T.A. Minshull  R.B. Whitmarsh 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):264-277

Many continental flood basalt provinces are spatially and temporally linked with continental break-up. Establishing the relative timing of the two events is a key step in determining their causal relationship. Here we investigate the example of the Deccan Traps and the separation of India and the Seychelles. Whilst there has been a growing consensus as to the age of the main phase of the Deccan emplacement (65.5 ± 1 Ma, chron 29r), the age of the rifting has remained unclear. We resolve this issue through detailed seafloor magnetic anomaly modeling (supported by wide-angle and reflection seismic results) of the north Seychelles and conjugate Laxmi Ridge/Gop Rift margins, and geochemistry and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology of rocks from the north Seychelles margin. We show that syn-rift volcanics offshore the Seychelles Islands in the form of seaward-dipping reflectors were most likely erupted during chron 28n, and the first organized seafloor spreading at the Carlsberg Ridge also initiated during this chron at 63.4 Ma. The severing of the Seychelles occurred by a south-eastward ridge propagation that was completed by the start of chron 27n (~ 62 Ma). A brief, pre-28r phase of seafloor spreading occurred in the Gop Rift, possibly as early as 31r–32n (~ 71 Ma). Initial extension at the margin therefore preceded or was contemporaneous with the Deccan emplacement, and separation of the Seychelles was achieved less than 3.5 Ma afterwards. This is the shortest time interval between flood basalt emplacement and break-up yet reported for any continental flood basalt-rifted margin pair. A contributing factor to the apparently short interval in the Deccan case may be that rifting occurred by a ridge jump into already thinned continental lithosphere. However, we conclude that external plate-boundary forces, rather than the impact of a mantle plume, were largely responsible for the rifting of the Seychelles from India.  相似文献   

The seismic structure of thinned continental crust in the northern Bay of Biscay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R. B. Whitmarsh  F. Avedik  M. R. Saunders 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,86(2):589-602

Summary. The stretching and thinning of the continental crust, which occurs during the formation of passive continental margins, may cause important changes in the velocity structure of such crust. Further, crust attenuated to a few kilometres' thickness, can be found underlying 'oceanic' water depths. This paper poses the question of whether thinned continental crust can be distinguished seismically from normal oceanic crust of about the same thickness. A single seismic refraction line shot over thinned continental crust as part of the North Biscay margin transect in 1979 was studied in detail. Tau— p inversion suggested that there are differences between oceanic and continental crust in the lower crustal structure. This was confirmed when synthetic seismograms were calculated. The thinned continental crust (β± 7.0) exhibits a two-gradient structure in the non-sedimentary crust with velocities between 5.9 and 7.4 km s⁻¹; an upper 0.8 s⁻¹ layer overlies a 0.4 s⁻¹ layer. No layer comparable to oceanic layer 3 was detected. The uppermost mantle also contains a low-velocity zone.  相似文献