Application of Dempster-Shafer theory in mineral resource potential mapping     

CHEN Yong-liang  WU Wei  LI Xue-bin Mineral Resource Prediction Institute of Comprehensive Information  Jilin University  Changchun  Jilin  China Northeastern Geography  Agricultural Ecology Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun  Jilin  China Design  Research Institute of Urban  Rural Planning of Changchun  Changchun  Jilin  China 《东北亚地学研究》2005,(Z1)

The Dempster-Shafer theory has been successfully applied to mineral resource potential mapping in G1S environmental. In this applied form, basic probability assignment and combined basic probability assignment are applied to measuring map pattern and map pattern combination, respectively; and the environment composed of the only two singleton sets (deposit set and non-deposit set), is used for expressing the entire map area. For a subarea in which the certain map pattern combination exists, the combined basic probability assignment corresponding to the map pattern combination existing in this subarea, expresses the belief of inferring the subarea belonging to the deposit set from the evidence that the corresponding map pattern combination existing in the subarea. Thus, it may be served as a statistical index measuring the relative mineral resource potentials of the subarea. And it may be determined like 1) dividing the map area into a series of small equal-sized grid cells and then select the training sample set composed of the well-known grid cells or the entire grid cells; 2) estimating the basic probability assignments corresponding to each map pattern from the training sample set; 3) determining the map pattern combination existing in each cell, and then appling the Dempster's Rule of Combination to integrating the all basic probability assignments corresponding to the map patterns existing in the cell into the combined basic probability assignment. Mineral resource potential mapping with the Dempster-Shafer theory is demonstrated on a case study to select mineral resource targets. The experimental results manifest that the model can be compared with the weights of evidence model in the effectiveness of mineral resource target selection.  相似文献   

Effect of a simple mountain range on underground seismic motion     

Ji&#;í Zahradník  Ludvík Urban 《Geophysical Journal International》1984,79(1):167-183

Summary. The influence of a simple mountain range on seismic ground motion is studied. A two-dimensional model of the medium and vertically incident plane SH -waves are considered. Attention is devoted not only to the wavefield along the Earth's surface, but also within the medium. The wavefield is computed in two steps: (1) the computation of the impulse response by the finite-difference method, (2) the computation of the response to a time variation of the incident wave. approximately corresponding to a 'hundred-year' local earthquake at the site. Numerical results (the impulse response, the transfer function, the accelerograms, and their spectra) indicate strong spatial variability of the wavefield due to the topographical anomaly. The differences as large as 100 per cent in the peak amplitudes of the accelerograms, and of the order of 5 Hz in their predominant frequencies, at closely (∼ 200 m) spaced internal points of the medium have been found. Attention is focused also on the effect of causal absorption. Even unrealistically strong absorption seems to be unable to reduce significantly the spatial variability of the ground motion, caused by the topography. A variability like this. implying the occurrence of underground differential strains, might be of engineering importance in the antiseismic design of underground structures (tunnels, for example) in mountainous seismic regions. The ground-motion variability along the surface of the mountain is considerably smaller than within the medium.  相似文献   

Sunshine duration and its variability in the main ridge of the Karkonosze Mountains in relation to with atmospheric circulation     

Urban  Grzegorz  Migała  Krzysztof  Pawliczek  Piotr 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(3-4):1173-1189

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Sunshine duration analysis was based on a series of measurements spanning the period from 1901 to 2014 for Śnieżka (1603 m a.s.l.)...  相似文献   

Modular development of an inline monitoring system for waterborne pathogens in raw and drinking water     

Daniel Karthe  Ole Behrmann  Verena Blättel  Dennis Elsässer  Christian Heese  Matthias Hügle  Frank Hufert  Andreas Kunze  Reinhard Niessner  Johannes Ho  Buren Scharaw  Matthias Spoo  Andreas Tiehm  Gerald Urban  Silvia Vosseler  Thomas Westerhoff  Gregory Dame  Michael Seidel 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(23):1481

The state-of-the-art monitoring of drinking water hygiene is based on the cultivation and enumeration of indicator bacteria. Despite its proven reliability, this approach has the disadvantages of being (a) relatively slow and (b) limited to a small number of indicator bacteria. Ideally, alternative methods would be less time-consuming while providing information about a larger set of hygienically relevant microorganisms including viruses. In this paper, we present insights into the design of a modular concentration and detection system for bacteria, bacteriophages and viruses. Following further validation, this or similar techniques have the potential to extend and speed up the monitoring of raw and drinking water hygiene in the future. The system consists of different modules for the concentration of microorganisms, an amplification and detection unit that includes a module for the differentiation between live and dead microorganisms, and an automated system for decision support and self-diagnosis. The ongoing testing under controlled laboratory conditions and real-life conditions in the water supply industry yields further system improvements. Moreover, the increased sensitivity and broader range of microbiological parameters emphasize the need for a reconsideration of the currently used criteria for the assessment of (drinking) water hygiene.  相似文献   

Long-term air temperature variation in the Karkonosze mountains according to atmospheric circulation     

Krzysztof Migała  Grzegorz Urban  Karol Tomczyński 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,125(1-2):337-351

  相似文献   

Submodels of a Brackish Water Environment   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Manfred  Bölter  Gerd  Liebezeit  Karin  Wolter Urban  Palm-Gren 《Marine Ecology》1982,3(3):243-253

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Calibration and Verification of Jason-1 Using Global Along-Track Residuals with TOPEX     

D. P. Chambers  J. C. Ries  T. J. Urban 《Marine Geodesy》2003,26(3):305-317

It is demonstrated that the Jason-1 measurements of sea surface height (SSH), wet path delay, and ionosphere path delay are within required accuracies, via a global cross-calibration with similar measurements made by TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) over a 6-month period. Since the two satellites were on the same groundtrack separated in time by only 70 s, measurements were recorded at approximately the same location and time. The variations in the wet path delay measured by Jason-1 compared to T/P are only 5 mm RMS, well within the required performance of 1.2 cm RMS. The RMS of the ionosphere differences is also well within the expected values, with a mean RMS of 1.2 cm. The largest difference is that the Jason-1 SSH is biased high relative to T/P SSH by 144 mm after the T/P and Jason-1 data are both corrected with improved sea state bias (SSB) models. However, the bias will change if a different SSB model is used, so the user should be cautious that the bias used matches the SSB models. The bias is generally constant within ± 10 mm in the open ocean, but appears to be higher or lower in some regions. Additionally, the SSH has been verified by comparison with 36 island tide gauges over the same period. After removing the global relative bias, the Jason-1 SSH data agree with tide gauges within 3.7 cm RMS and with T/P data within about 3.5 cm RMS on average for 1-s measurements, meeting the required accuracy of 4.2 cm RMS.  相似文献   

Spatial interpretation of high-resolution environmental proxy data of the Middle Pleistocene Palaeolithic faunal kill site Schöningen 13 II-4, Germany     

Brigitte Urban  Kim J. Krahn  Thomas Kasper  Alejandro García-Moreno  Jarod M. Hutson  Aritza Villaluenga  Elaine Turner  Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser  Dalia Farghaly  Mario Tucci  Antje Schwalb 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2023,52(3):440-458

To spatially characterize the palaeolakeshore environment at the archaeological kill site Schöningen 13 II-4 of the Middle Pleistocene Reinsdorf sequence, in-depth palynological, geochemical, aquatic microfossil and archaeological analyses were undertaken on sediment sections with an average thickness of about 15 cm, concordantly overlain by faunal remains, dominated by horse, from the unique ‘Spear Horizon’ layers of the 1995 excavation campaign. The data reveal a distinctive lake level drop, documented by the change from a carbonate-rich lake marl to a carbonate-free organic mud with increased carbon content and decreasing C/N, Si/Al, Si/K and Fe/Al ratios, indicating a higher pedogenic supply of organic matter and drier conditions at the site. Compared with older, similar transitional phases of lake level changes occurring within the Reinsdorf sequence, it is important that these youngest sediments are undisturbed, indicating continuous development. Ostracod and diatom analyses indicate a lowering water level with higher salinities and rich aquatic vegetation. Mesorheophilic ostracod species along with tychoplanktic diatom taxa point to flowing waters and turbulence at the lakeshore, presumably related to spring-fed streams originating from nearby highlands. Palynological results reveal a very diverse zonal vegetation pattern around the palaeolakeshore considering an area of investigation of approximately 50 × 75 m and a tessellated type of regional vegetation during the formation of the archaeological horizons. On topographically lower elevated areas, birch groves and taxa favouring wet, marshy conditions such as Cyperaceae, indicative of terrestrialization, were predominating, while other stands of this transitional phase reveal a very dry, grass-dominated steppe woodland favouring a rich wildlife with a striking number of megaherbivores. Our results suggest that the lithological differences of the ‘Spear Horizon’ layers containing the archaeological finds were due to their respective topographical situation and that the layers were deposited almost simultaneously during the beginning of the lake level drop. Human activities seem to have concentrated in sparsely vegetated areas along the palaeolakeshore, rather than in areas of adjacent denser birch swamp forest stands.  相似文献   

Improved representation of ocean heat content in energy balance models     

Nadiga  Balasubramanya T.  Urban  Nathan M. 《Climatic change》2019,152(3-4):503-516

Climatic Change - Anomaly-diffusing energy balance models (AD-EBMs) are routinely employed to analyze and emulate the warming response of both observed and simulated Earth systems. We demonstrate a...  相似文献   

基于全球转移的乐器制造业价值链空间分布——以钢琴制造业为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱华友  刘金俭 《世界地理研究》2012,(1):93-99

作为一个发展成熟的全球性产业,乐器制造业也正经历着快速的发展和演变。鉴于作为乐器之王的钢琴在乐器中的地位,本文以钢琴为例,研究全球乐器产业的转移及价值活动分布。研究认为,钢琴制造业了5次全球转移,即西欧内部的转移、由欧洲向美国的转移、由美国向西欧和日本的转移、由日本向东亚的转移和由韩国向东亚的转移,形成了当前的全球价值分布格局,即全球钢琴制造业价值量分布整体上呈现阶梯状分布的格局,以欧美为第一阶梯,日本和韩国为第二阶梯,中国为第三阶梯。在研发、核心产品设计及品牌等的核心竞争力上表现更是如此。基于上述研究,论文最后对我国的乐器制造业发展提出了一些思考。  相似文献