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141.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the scale and load distribution of three-dimensional active earth pressure and the load transferred to the adjacent soil by changing the aspect ratio of a retaining wall through a series of model tests. In this research, 42 earth pressure plates of different heights and widths were installed to evaluate the earth pressures by considering the wall aspect ratio and the change of earth pressure. The test results showed that the active earth pressures were uniformly converged when the percentage of limit displacement against wall height was 0.12%. The distribution of active earth pressure on the wall showed a parabola shape for most aspect ratios while the wedge shape identified by the model test was similar to the shell-shaped model. In this paper, two diagrams were proposed regarding the active earth pressure according to the aspect ratio of a retaining wall; (1) a diagram of earth pressure conversion against the aspect ratio based on evaluated three-dimensional active earth pressures with traditional two-dimensional earth pressures, (2) a load transfer diagram based on the horizontal distance by analyzing the horizontal and vertical load transfer ranges with the relevant increasing rates. 相似文献
142.
Ho Il Yoon Kyu-Cheul Yoo Young-Suk Bak Yong Il Lee Jae Il Lee 《Geo-Marine Letters》2009,29(5):309-320
A deep-sea sediment core (GC98-06) from the southernmost Drake Passage, West Antarctica, shows late Quaternary depositional
environments distinctly different from sedimentary drifts commonly found along the southwestern Pacific margin of the Drake
Passage. The chronology of the core has been inferred using geochemical tracers of paleoproductivity and diatom biostratigraphy,
and represents the paleoceanographic conditions in a continental rise setting during the last 150,000 years. Three dominant
sediment types associated with distinct sedimentary processes have been identified using textural/compositional analyses:
(1) hemipelagic mud (interglacial sediments) deposited from pelagic settling of bioclasts, meltwater plumes, and ice-rafted
detritus; (2) terrigenous mud (glacial sediments) delivered by turbid meltwater plumes; and (3) massive muds marking the boundaries
from interglacial to glacial periods. The succession of the sedimentary facies in core GC98-06 is interpreted to reflect temporal
changes in environmental conditions prevailing on the continental rise of the southern Drake Passage in the course of successive
climatic stages over the last 150 ka: from the bottom upward, these are glacial, interglacial, glaciation, glacial, and interglacial
episodes. Variability in sediment flux and diatom abundance seem to have been related to changes in glacial advance, sea-ice
extent, and specific sedimentary environments, collectively influenced by mid- to late Quaternary climatic changes. 相似文献
143.
Hideyuki Kawamura Toshimichi Ito Naoki Hirose Tetsutaro Takikawa Jong-Hwan Yoon 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(4):439-454
The branches of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) are realistically reproduced using a three-dimensional ocean general circulation
model (OGCM). Simulated structures of the First Branch and the Second Branch of the TWC (FBTWC and SBTWC) in the eastern Japan
Sea are mainly addressed in this study, being compared with measurement in the period September–October 2000. This is the
first numerical experiment so far in which the OGCM is laterally exerted by real volume transports measured by acoustic Doppler
current profiler (ADCP) through the Tsushima Straits and the Tsugaru Strait. In addition, sea level variation measured by
tide-stations along the Japanese coast as well as satellite altimeters is assimilated into the OGCM through a sequential data
assimilation method. It is demonstrated that the assimilation of sea level variation at the coastal tide-stations is useful
in reproducing oceanic conditions in the nearshore region. We also examine the seasonal variation of the branches of the TWC
in the eastern Japan Sea in 2000. It is suggested as a consequence that the FBTWC is continuous along northwestern Honshu
Island in summertime, while it degenerates along the coast between the Sado Strait and the Oga Peninsula in other seasons.
On the other hand, a mainstream of the SBTWC exists with meanders and eddies in the offshore region deeper than 1000 m to
the north of the Sado Island throughout the year. 相似文献
144.
Detecting the intertidal morphologic change using satellite data 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Joo-Hyung Ryu Chang-Hwan Kim Yoon-Kyung Lee Joong-Sun Won Seung-Soo Chun Saro Lee 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):623-632
Previous research has suggested that competitive bottlenecks may exist for the Mediterranean grey mullets (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) at the fry stage with the exotic Cyprinus carpio (Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae) playing a central role. As a consequence, the structure of grey mullet assemblages at later stages is thought to reflect previous competition as well as differences in osmoregulatory skills. This paper tests that hypothesis by examining four predictions about the relative abundance of five grey mullet species in 42 Western Mediterranean estuary sites from three areas (Aiguamolls de l'Empordà, Ebro Delta and Minorca) differing in the salinity level and occurrence of C. carpio. Field data confirmed the predictions as: (1) Liza aurata and Mugil cephalus were scarce everywhere and never dominated the assemblage; (2) Liza saliens dominated the assemblage where the salinity level was higher than 13; (3) Liza ramado always dominated the assemblage where the salinity level was lower than 13 and C. carpio was present; and (4) Chelon labrosus dominated the assemblage only where the salinity level was lower than 13 and C. carpio was absent. The catch per unit effort of C. labrosus of any size was smaller in the presence of C. carpio than where it had not been introduced, which is in agreement with the juvenile competitive bottleneck hypothesis. Discriminant analysis confirmed that the assemblage structure was linked to the salinity level and the occurrence of C. carpio for both early juveniles and late juveniles as well as adults. The data reported here reveal that the structure of grey mullet assemblages inhabiting Mediterranean estuaries is determined by salinity and competitive interactions at the fry stage. 相似文献
145.
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148.
The horizontal distribution of the Tsushima Current in the Tsushima/Korea Strait is assessed by a fine-resolution numerical experiment. The comparison of the model results with the observations along a section crossing the strait shows that the model represents relatively well, the general tendency of what was observed, such as the separation of the Tsushima Current into the western and eastern streams by the Tsushima Island. In summer, strong and relatively uniformly distributed surface currents enhance the formation of the wake downstream of the Tsushima Island. The axis of the countercurrent, embedded in the wake, is closer to the western stream. Anti-cyclonic eddies are shed near the downstream tip of the Tsushima Island and propagate along the boundary between the western stream and the wake. The exchange of water between the western stream and the wake takes place through the intermediation of these eddies. There is a net water supply from the western stream to the wake, which is then carried to the eastern stream by the countercurrent via the eastern coast of the Tsushima Island. In winter, currents, strongly barotropic, tend to have banded structures, especially in the region downstream of the western channel where isobaths converge in the downstream direction. The eddies found in this region in winter appear to be fundamentally different from those associated with the Tsushima Island wake. The necessary condition for barotropic instability is satisfied for the monthly mean currents in this region, suggesting that the currents are barotropically unstable in this region in winter. 相似文献
149.
A new broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI) array sensor, GEM-5, for detecting and characterizing Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) has been developed in order to provide high production rates for EMI surveys. The sensor consists of a single rectangular loop transmitter around a linear array of seven pairs of coaxial receiver coils, with each coil in a pair located at the same vertical distance above and below the loop transmitter. The coil pairs are wired in an inverted series so that the signal consists of the difference between the voltage induced in the upper and lower coils. This particular configuration provides a high degree of primary field cancellation, dense spatial sampling rate due to simultaneous and continuous operation of all sensors, suppression of motion-induced and environmental noise, and strong source fields at typical UXO burial depths providing deep detection range. Our prototype tests indicate that the array yields a lower static and motion-induced noise over the critical low frequencies than that of existing sensors, and in particular, the signal-to-noise ratio at 90 Hz is 32 dB higher. Environmental noise can be largely removed from the difference measurements. The field test results from UXO test sites show that the prototype sensor has smoother background and appears to detect more seeded targets than the GEM-3 concentric sensor, however some of that gain can be attributed to higher power transmitter electronics. 相似文献
150.