Copper Speciation in a Collection of Geochemical Reference Materials Using Sequential Extraction and Evaluation of the Validity Using XANES Spectroscopy          下载免费PDF全文

Atsuyuki Ohta  Ran Kubota 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(1):117-134

Copper speciation in a collection of Japanese geochemical reference materials (JSO‐1, JLk‐1, JSd‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐4, JMs‐1 and JMs‐2) was achieved by sequential extraction and characterised using X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy. In the first step of the extraction, referred to as the acid fraction, between 1% and 20% total Cu within the reference materials was extracted. Such a result is typically accounted for by absorption of Cu onto clay minerals. However, the presence of Cu sulfate (an oxidation product of chalcopyrite) was observed in some of the stream sediments affected by mining activity (JSd‐2 and JSd‐3) instead. Copper was extracted in the reducible fraction (targeting Fe hydroxide and Mn oxide) (2–49% total Cu). Between 2% and 51% Cu was extracted in the oxidised fraction (targeting sulfides and organic matter). X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy clarified that the reducible fraction consisted of Cu bound to Fe hydroxide, whereas the oxidised fraction was a mixture of Cu bound to humic acid (HA) and Cu sulfide. In the oxidisable fraction, chalcopyrite was the predominant species identified in JSd‐2, and Cu bound to HA was the major species identified in JSO‐1 (a soil sample).  相似文献   

关于对海洋监测人员培训的初步探讨          下载免费PDF全文

徐然 《海洋开发与管理》2016,33(3):103-105

文章从海洋监测人员培训的起源与发展、存在问题和建议等方面对此项工作进行了论述。分析了此项工作取得的成绩与发展现状。通过对该工作开展过程中得到的经验与教训,提出了对此项工作的建议。  相似文献   

Integration of GIS and video surveillance     

Aleksandar Milosavljević  Dejan Rančić  Aleksandar Dimitrijević  Bratislav Predić  Vladan Mihajlović 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(10):2089-2107

This paper discusses the integration of three-dimensional (3D) geographic information systems (GIS) and video surveillance systems using augmented reality (AR) techniques. The motivation for this integration is to overcome problems faced by conventional video surveillance systems. Explicit information concerning which camera currently monitors what area in such systems is missing; therefore, insight into the situation depends heavily on the operator’s training and experience. To ensure the complete coordination and monitoring of a situation in a system with multiple cameras, it is necessary to introduce a single reference system. GIS arises as a natural solution because it not only provides a solid ground truth but also provides semantic information that can be highly important in certain video surveillance applications. To integrate information into a GIS application, that information must be georeferenced. Based on our previous research regarding the addition of georeferencing information to surveillance video, this paper introduces models that can be applied to help integrate video and GIS. With an analogy to Milgram’s continuum between the real world and virtual reality, and analogous to the augmented reality and augmented virtuality in Milgram’s continuum, two models of integration are defined here: GIS-augmented video and video-augmented GIS. Then, we define the architecture of GIS-based video surveillance based on these proposed integration models, and finally, a prototype is implemented. The implemented prototype serves as a basis for analysing possible applications of real-world systems based on the integration of GIS and video.  相似文献   

A parallel algorithm for coverage optimization on multi-core architectures     

Ran Wei  Alan T. Murray 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(3):432-450

Location siting is an important part of service provision, with much potential to impact operational efficiency, safety, security, system reliability, etc. A class of location models seeks to optimize coverage of demand for service that is continuously distributed across space. Decision-making and planning contexts include police/fire resource allocation for a community, siting cellular towers to support cell phone signal transmission, locating emergency warning sirens to alert the public of severe weather and other related dangers, and many others as well. When facilities can be sited anywhere in continuous space to provide coverage to an entire region, this is a very computationally challenging problem to solve because potential demand for service is everywhere and there are an infinite number of potential facility sites to consider. This article develops a new parallel solution approach for this location coverage optimization problem through an iterative bounding scheme on multi-core architectures. The developed approach is applied to site emergency warning sirens in Dublin, Ohio, and fire stations in Elk Grove, California. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach, enabling real-time analysis and planning. This work illustrates that the integration of cyberinfrastructure can significantly improve computational efficiency in solving challenging spatial optimization problems, fitting the themes of this special issue: cyberinfrastructure, GIS, and spatial optimization.  相似文献   

基于主成分分析的济宁市环境承载力研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵庆令  李清彩  田光彩  肖宁 《山东国土资源》2016,32(1)

该文以济宁市环境承载力为研究对象,运用主成分分析法,从影响环境污染状况、环境治理状况、人口状况、经济发展状况、自然资源状况、物耗能耗状况等19个指标中,提取出影响环境承载力动态变化的3个主成分,对济宁市环境承载力年际变化进行了综合评价。结果表明:2006—2010年,济宁市环境承载力呈现逐年上升的趋势。该研究评价结果较好,可以为该地区的可持续开发规划提供理论参考。  相似文献   

津冀海岸线现状、变化特征及保护建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施佩歆  王福  商志文  康慧  肖国强  杨吉龙  李建芬  姜兴钰  陈永胜  田立柱  李勇 《地质通报》2016,35(10):1630-1637

根据覆盖全区的3期遥感影像和实地调查,以及对滨海新区和滦河口2个典型区更深入的案例研究(包括回溯至1870年、1950年的基准岸线及逐年遥感信息),对津冀沿海海岸线现状进行解译和分类,并分析岸线变化特征及成因。津冀沿海现状岸线总长度894km,可以划分为自然岸线、半开发岸线和人工岸线3类,长度分别为90km、329km和475km。1950年以前为自然因素主导的岸线变化,1950年以后变为人类活动主导的岸线向海推进,逐渐加强的人类活动至2010年达到顶峰。在全球海面上升和区域地面下沉的大背景下,海岸线的自然演化趋势应该是向陆蚀退,但是人类活动主导的岸线变化却表现为违反自然趋势的向海推进。今后,向海推进最前沿的围海造陆区将受到来自海洋越来越强烈的影响,亟需加强监测和防护。兼顾环境保护与开发两方面的长远需求,建议赋予海岸线新的定义与内涵,划定岸线保护红线,恢复部分岸线的自然属性。  相似文献   

LA-ICP-MS测定锡石U-Pb同位素年龄时两种普通铅扣除方法的原理及适用性比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝爽  李惠民  李国占  耿建珍  周红英  肖志斌  崔玉荣  涂家润 《地质通报》2016,35(4):622-632

根据近年来激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪锡石微区原位U-Pb同位素定年的实验结果,结合相关资料,对实验过程中普通铅扣除的2种主要方法,即谐和图法和等时线法的原理、效果、优点和局限性进行了深入的比较。研究成果表明,2种主要方法各有不同的优点及局限性。在实际工作中,要想获得比较准确的测试结果,需要根据具体矿物样品的年龄范围、总的U和Pb含量、普通铅相对含量、测年精度要求等因素,灵活地选择普通铅扣除的方法。  相似文献   

An Analytical Solution for Dynamic Response of the Plate with Different Impedances Subjected to Underwater Explosion     

陈莹玉  姚熊亮  肖巍 《海洋工程》2016,(3):329-342

In this paper, the transmitted part of the incident wave is considered to revise Taylor’s solution, which is used to extend its application for analytical models to predict the response of the plate with different material properties. The influence of the material properties and the boundary condition of the plate on fluid and structural dynamics is systematically investigated. The analytical results are compared with those of detailed dynamic FE simulations and the two are in good agreement. The results indicate that the analytical method is valid and suitable for the plates with different material properties subjected to underwater explosion. It is found that Taylor’s results of the plate with small impedance are invalid, which indicates a potential application field for the analytical method.  相似文献   

海洋Pseudomonasaeruginosasp.DES-3的鉴定以及基因ap02对其产蛋白酶的影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘瑶  陈俊海  肖桂龙  孟灿  曾蓉  武波  蒋承建 《海洋科学进展》2016,34(4):553-559

海洋是地球上最大的生态系统,其多样独特的生态环境造就了其有别于其他环境的微生物资源。本研究利用蛋白酶的活性筛选策略,从辽宁省营口市某海洋淤泥中分离得到一株产蛋白酶的优势菌株DES-3。通过微生物形态学特征、生理生化性质和16SrDNA基因鉴定以及系统发育进化关系的分析,将该菌株鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌属,命名为Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp.DES-3。其胞外蛋白酶的最适反应温度和最适pH分别为55℃和9.0。将来自于碱性污染土壤宏基因组文库的编码碱性蛋白酶基因ap02与广宿主表达载体pBBR1MCS-5连接,转化至野生型菌株P.aeruginosasp.DES-3细胞中,成功构建了基因工程菌株P.aeruginosasp.DES-3/pBBR1MCS-5-ap02。基因工程菌株的最适反应温度为60℃,较野生型菌株提高了5℃。本研究构建基因工程菌株的策略可为菌株的改造和相应工业应用提供一定的技术参考。  相似文献   

海洋浮游微食物网结构及其影响因素     

张武昌  陈雪  赵苑  赵丽  肖天 《海洋科学集刊》2016,51(51):181-193

微食物环是海洋生态系统中重要的物质和能量过程,是传统食物链的有效补充。微食物环研究是当前海洋生态学研究的热点之一,但对其结构的系统研究较少,海洋微食物网结构在2000年才被Garrison提出。尽管微食物网各个类群的丰度在不同海洋环境中有相对变化,但是这些变化都处于一定的范围之内,其丰度结构约为纤毛虫10 cell ml-1、鞭毛虫103 cell ml-1、微微型真核浮游生物104 cell ml-1、蓝细菌104-5 cell ml-1、异养细菌106 cell ml-1、病毒107 particle ml-1。海洋浮游食物链中捕食者和饵料生物粒径的最佳比值为10:1,实际研究中该比值会略低,例如纤毛虫与其饵料的粒径比值为8:1,鞭毛虫为3:1。Pico和Nano浮游植物的丰度比（Pico:Nano）是研究微食物网结构的指数之一,该指数具有不受研究尺度影响的优点,可用于研究区域性和全球性微食物网结构。近年来,学者们从多角度对海洋微食物网的结构开展了研究,不同海区微食物网各类群丰度、生物量的时间和空间变化研究有很多报道,微食物网的结构可受空间、季节、摄食、营养盐等多种因素影响。在对不同空间微食物网的研究中,学者往往研究不同物理性质的水团中各类群生物丰度的不同,以此来表征微食物网结构的不同;同一海区微食物网结构的季节变化也是使用各个类群丰度和生物量的变化来表示,该变化主要受水文环境因素影响。摄食者对微食物网各类生物的影响通过三种途径：1. 中型浮游动物摄食;2. 中型浮游动物摄食微型浮游动物,通过营养级级联效应影响低营养级生物;3. 中型浮游动物通过释放溶解有机物、营养盐影响细菌和低营养级生物。浮游植物通过产生化感物质和溶解有机物影响微食物网结构,而营养盐的浓度及变化则可以对微食物网产生直接或间接影响。  相似文献