基于地震作用和场地影响确定广东省设计地震动参数   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

姜慧  黄剑涛  卢帮华  王立新  李小华 《震灾防御技术》2010,5(4):398-408

在对《建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)》和《建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用,CECS 160:2004)》研究的基础上,根据广东地区的场地和地震作用特点,确定出了广东省甲、乙、丙类建筑不同设防水准的地震动峰值加速度,以及广东省91个城镇的特征周期分区值,为广东省建筑物抗震设计提供了更加可靠的地震动参数。  相似文献   

Introducing scale parameters for adjusting area objects in GIS based on least squares and variance component estimation     

Xiaohua Tong  Wenzhong Shi  Dajie Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):1413-1432

In this paper, a least‐squares based cadastral parcel area adjustment in geographic information systems (GIS) is developed based on (1) both the areas and coordinates being treated as observations with errors; and (2) scale parameters being introduced to take the systematic effect into account in the process of cadastral map digitization. The area condition equation for cadastral parcel considerations of scale parameters and geometric constraints is first constructed. The effects of the scale error on area adjustment results are then derived, and statistical hypothesis testing is presented to determine the significance of the scale error. Afterwards, Helmert's variance component estimation based on least‐squares adjustment using the condition equation with additional parameters is proposed to determine the weight between the coordinate and area measurements of the parcel. Practical tests are conducted to illustrate the implementation of the proposed methods. Four schemes for solving the inconsistencies between the registered areas and the digitized areas of the parcels are studied. The analysis of the results demonstrates that in the case of significant systematic errors in cadastral map digitization, the accuracies of the adjusted coordinates and areas are improved by introducing scale parameters to reduce the systematic error influence in the parcel area adjustment. Meanwhile, Helmert's variance component estimation method determines more accurate weights of the digitized coordinates and parcel areas, and the least‐squares adjustment solves the inconsistencies between the registered areas and the digitized areas of the parcels.  相似文献   

“数字测图原理与方法”卓越课程改革与实践     

程效军  刘春  童小华  楼立志  鲍峰  杨光 《测绘通报》2013,(9):125-127

围绕"数字测图原理与方法"本科卓越课程建设,针对课程教学改革、课程实施方案和教学质量评价等方面进行介绍和讨论,对本科卓越课程建设中所涉及的教学理念、教学思路、教学方法和综合实践能力培养进行有益的探讨与实践。  相似文献   

Correction on effect of Earth’s oblateness in inversion of GPS occultation data     

Xu Xiaohua  Li Zhenghang  Luo Jia 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):247-250

By using observed CHAMP orbit ephemeredes and MSISE-90 dry air model and regarding the earth as a sphere and an ellipsoid respectively, phase delays are simulated and the simulated data are retrieved under different schemes. The comparison between the inverted temperature profiles and the model temperature profiles shows that by inverting observed data, we will get temperature results with large errors if the effect of Earth’s oblateness is omitted. The correction method is proved to be effective because the temperature errors decreased obviously with this method.  相似文献   

微生物地质工程技术及其应用     

唐朝生  泮晓华  吕超  董志浩  刘博  王殿龙  李昊  程瑶佳  施斌 《高校地质学报》2021,27(6):625-654

微生物地质工程技术是将微生物参与的生化过程加以控制和利用,来解决工程地质问题的一类新型岩土体水—力学特性改性技术。研究表明该技术具有低成本、环境友好、低能耗和过程可控的优点,是工程地质界近些年的一个热门研究内容,也是现代工程地质学科的重要发展方向。文章基于当前该技术取得的研究进展,系统总结了能被加以控制和高效利用的三种代表性微生物地质工程技术（微生物成矿作用、微生物膜作用及微生物产气作用）的原理及其应用领域。着重对研究最多、应用前景最广的微生物成矿作用改性岩土体力学特性、渗透特性、抗侵蚀性等工程性质及机理进行了阐述,并深入探讨了影响微生物成矿作用改性效果的关键因素（细菌种类、菌液浓度、环境温度、pH值、胶结液、土体性质及灌浆工艺）。此外,文章还详细论述了微生物成矿作用在地基处理、岛礁建设、防风固沙、水土保持、抗裂防渗、文物保护、地灾防治等领域的应用现状,并探讨了该技术当前面临的主要挑战及未来的重点研究方向。  相似文献   

融合地形和土壤特征的流域蓄水容量模型     

向小华  宋琪峰  陈喜  吴晓玲  王船海 《水科学进展》2013,24(5):651-657

以van Genuchten模型表述的土壤水分特征曲线为基础,推导出流域单点缺水量,并结合TOPMODEL模型中地形指数与地下水位关系,建立了反映地形和土壤特征共同影响的蓄水容量模型,通过统计方法从栅格尺度蓄水容量获得流域尺度蓄水容量曲线,取代传统新安江模型中率定的蓄水容量曲线。以淮河流域紫罗山子流域为例,分析地形特征与土壤类型对蓄水容量的影响;并与实测流量过程以及原新安江模型模拟的流量过程对比,表明模型能较好地模拟场次洪水过程。模型将蓄水容量曲线显式表述,减少了新安江模型参数,为无资料地区的水文模拟提供了分析方法。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地SG-1孔1.0Ma以来碳酸盐同位素记录的亚洲内陆干旱化及成因     

滕晓华  韩文霞  叶程程  张志高  彭文彬  方小敏 《第四纪研究》2013,33(5)

亚洲内陆干旱区是连接赤道和中高纬地区的过渡地带,也是西风气候和季风气候的相互作用区,其形成演化与青藏高原的隆起和全球变化等因素密切相关.因此,揭示其干旱化过程和趋势具有重大的理论和现实意义.文章对来自柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图干盐湖的深钻SG-1孔沉积物进行了初步的碳酸盐碳氧同位素测试与分析,结果清晰地指示了柴达木盆地自1.0Ma以来的持续干旱化及约0.6Ma以来的加速干旱化过程,我们认为1.0Ma以来的持续干旱化可能是全球气候变化和构造活动共同作用的结果,而约0.6Ma以来的加速干旱化可能是昆黄运动所导致的高原北部强烈隆升和区域环流系统变化或强化所造成的.  相似文献   

通量差分裂方法在一维河网模型中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

向小华  吴晓玲  牛帅  王船海 《水科学进展》2013,24(6):894-900

以通量差分裂格式离散非守恒型圣维南方程组,为保证河网整体离散形式的一致性,采用特征线方法离散边界节点,并引入限制器和熵修正使离散模型具有TVD（Total Variation Diminishing）特性,在线性隐式化的基础上最终构建基于隐式TVD类方法的一维河网水流模型。通过实例验证,表明提出的方法能处理跨临界流变化,而且在实际复杂河网中对水位及主、支河道分流比都能较好地模拟,具有一定实用性。  相似文献   

基于中资商业银行全球空间扩展的世界城市网络及其影响因素   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

薛德升  邹小华 《地理学报》2018,73(6):989-1001

世界城市及其网络是近20多年来国际上城市研究的重要方向。现有研究主要反映了发达国家高级生产者服务业企业主导下的世界城市网络,针对中国等新兴经济体经济动力影响下的世界城市网络的研究明显不足。以在全球快速扩展中的中资商业银行为对象,利用改进的链锁网络模型,分析了1978年以来中资商业银行境外扩展的时空变化,及其连接下的世界城市网络的空间结构变迁。结果显示：中资商业银行的全球扩展,强化了中国主要城市与西欧和北美核心金融中心城市、全球的区域性门户城市、以及亚太地区的世界城市之间的联系,对不同阶段全球的世界城市网络的发展产生了日益重要的影响。中国的对外经济、人员以及政府间的联系,是影响中资商业银行全球扩展与世界城市网络格局的主要原因。  相似文献   

Characteristics of water isotopes and hydrograph separation during the wet season in the Heishui River, China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yuhong Liu  Ningjiang Fan  Shuqing An  Xiaohua Bai  Fude Liu  Zhen Xu  Zhongsheng Wang  Shirong Liu 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,353(3-4):314-321

Runoff generation and dynamics is an important issue in watershed and water resource management, but the mechanism in large scale is unclear and site-dependent. For this reason, spatial variations of δD and δ¹⁸O of river water and their sources within large-area of the Heishui Valley of the upper Yangtze River in western China were investigated during the wet season. A total 117 river water samples were collected at 13 sampling sites located at the junction of the principal river course and its tributaries. The results showed no spatial variations of either δD or δ¹⁸O values existed among tributary sampling sites A, B, E, F, H and I during the wet season, and significantly spatial variation occurred between tributary sampling sites A, B, E, F, H, I and site K; which indicated different proportions of rain entering river water should lead to spatial variation of water isotopes. The hydrograph separation analysis, based on the isotope data of river water, meltwater and rain water samples, showed the contribution of snow and glacier meltwater varied from 63.8% to 92.6%, and that of rain varied from 7.4% to 36.2%; which meant that snow and glacier meltwater was the main supplying water source of baseflow in the Heishui Valley. And the roles of glacier and snow meltwater should be significantly noticed in water resource management in this alpine valley at the rim of the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献