例谈比较法在培养学生思维能力中的作用——以“欧洲西部”的教学为例     

程涛 《地理教学》2021,(8):35-37

比较法是地理教学中的一种常用方法。本文选择欧洲西部有代表性的国家"英国",通过它与已学习过的、与英国有很多相似之处的"日本"进行比较教学,完成"欧洲西部"部分内容的学习。在教学的过程中,采用在对比中进行迁移、辨别概念、分析成因、探究变化、建构体系等方式,提升学生的横向思维能力、分析思维能力、推理思维能力、辩证思维能力、归纳思维能力,从而达到促进学生思维能力提升的目的。  相似文献   

陕西省HFRS疫情时空分异特征及影响要素研究     

朱伶俐  任红艳  丁凤  鲁亮  吴思佳  崔成 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(5):1142-1152

肾综合征出血热（HFRS）主要是由鼠类携带传播汉坦病毒而引起的一类自然疫源性传染病,严重危害着人类健康。陕西省是我国HFRS疫情最严重的省份之一,发病率居全国前列,研究其疫情时空分异和影响要素对指导当地疫情防控具有重要意义。本研究基于2005—2017年县区尺度HFRS发病率数据,采用空间自相关、热点分析等方法分析陕西省疫情时空分异特征,并利用地理探测器探究影响疫情的主要自然环境和社会经济要素。结果表明：2005—2017年陕西省HFRS发病率明显高于全国水平,同时呈现明显的时间波动和空间聚集,平原面积占比、建设用地面积占比、人口密度等因素可以解释约20%的HFRS疫情空间分异;关中平原聚集了陕西省90%以上的高发病县区,其疫情亦呈现明显的空间分异性,主要受降水量、 NDVI、土地利用类型等因素的影响。由此可知,高发病县区聚集、且自然环境和社会经济条件明显不同的关中平原是陕西省HFRS疫情流行的关键地区。因此,建议陕西省HFRS疫情防控应当重点关注降水量、植被状况以及土地利用类型,特别是在土地城镇化水平较高、人口密度较大的关中平原进行有效的防控干预。  相似文献   

Laboratory Investigation into the Evaporation of Natural-Gas Condensate Oils: Hints for the Sanchi Oil Spill     

Yong Zhang  Tao Yang  Junbo Zhang  Baoyi Lv  Xiangsheng Cheng  Yin Fang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(3):633-642

The Sanchi oil tanker collision in the East China Sea on January 6th, 2018 has caused worldwide attention due to its uniqueness. A considerable amount of h  相似文献   

黑河流域降水统计——动力降尺度问题研究     

苏海锋  戴新刚  熊喆  延晓冬 《大气科学》2023,(3):642-654

依据区域气候模式RIEMS2.0输出的3 km高分辨率数据和站点降水记录分析了中国西北黑河流域降水的动力降尺度和统计—动力降尺度问题,检验了多种因子组合下多元线性回归（MLR）和贝叶斯模式平均（BMA）降尺度模型,评估了降尺度降水的均方根误差、相关系数、方差百分率及“负降水”偏差率等方面的统计特征。结果表明,动力降尺度降水相关系数最高,误差也最大,降水方差达到观测值的1.5～2倍;除相关系数外,统计—动力降尺度模型的几个统计特征均最优,纯统计模型次之。检验表明,仅用700 hPa位势高度场、经向风和比湿等构建的统计降尺度模型估计的站点降水相关系数较低,均方根误差也较大。当在统计降尺度模型中引入模式降水因子后站点降水的估计得到明显改善,其中MLR类模型的降水相关系数和方差百分率均明显高于BMA类模型,均方根误差二者相当,但前者“负降水”出现频次明显大于后者,“负降水”偏差主要出现在降水稀少的冬半年及黑河中、下游干旱或极端干旱区,上游出现频率较低,其中MLR类模型“负降水”出现频次明显高于BMA类模型,后者仅出现在黑河中、下游地区。包含模式降水因子的统计—动力降尺度模型能减少“负降水”出现...  相似文献   

城市地下人防三维建模及可视化应用     

秦鹏飞  刘成  李金鑫 《北京测绘》2017,(1)

随着科技的发展原有的地下人防二维地形图已经无法满足人们的需要,人们更多的目光放在了实现地下人防三维智能化管理上。本文在此基础上,运用3DMAXS和Photoshop将采集的二维CAD图形与遥感影像相结合转化为三维模型,最后通过C#运用ArcGIS Engine为接口实现模型的三维场景重现,以及三维智能化管理。  相似文献   

地图符号的认知语义分析与动态生成   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田江鹏  游雄  贾奋励  夏青 《测绘学报》2017,46(7):928-938

面向位置服务背景下地图符号按需和动态表达的需求,提出了一种基于认知语义分析的地图符号结构化描述模型,以及建立在此基础上的地图符号动态生成方法。结构化描述模型立足"现实—认知—符号"的认知语义原理,以地图符号语素为基本单元、以语义结构为描述框架,侧重描写符号图形和语义之间的关联映射机制。动态生成方法的核心是一种规则控制语素组合构造符号的上下文无关文法模型,通过对图形语素、形态结构语素以及符号生成规则系统进行建模,重构了地图符号动态生成的文法编译器。以个性化导航路径符号为例,通过面向不同情境和语义结构的符号动态生成试验,验证了本文方法的可行性。本文研究将有助于进一步理解地图符号的认知和结构原理,并促进相关行业和应用领域地图符号化的按需和动态表达的水平。  相似文献   

THE CONTRASTS BETWEEN STRONG AND WEAK MJO ACTIVITY OVER THE EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC IN WINTER     

陈雄  李崇银  谭言科  郭文华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(2):133-145

This paper investigates the contrasts between strong and weak Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity over the equatorial western Pacific during winter using the NCEP reanalysis data. It is shown that the MJO over the equatorial western Pacific in winter shows significant interannual and interdecadal variabilities. During the winters with strong MJO activity, an anomalous cyclonic circulation lies east of the Philippines, strong anomalous easterlies control the equatorial eastern Pacific, and anomalous westerlies extend from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific in the lower troposphere, which strengthens the convergence and convection over the equatorial western Pacific. The moisture convergence in the lower troposphere is also enhanced over the western Pacific, which is favorable to the activity of MJO. Eastward propagation is a significant feature of the MJO, though there is some westward propagation. The space-time spectral power and center period of the MJO are higher during strong MJO activity winters. The anomalous activity of MJO is closely related to the sea surface temperature (SST) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). During strong MJO activity winters, there are positive/negative anomalies at high/low latitudes in both sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height, and the temperature is lower over the central part of the Chinese mainland, which indicates a strong EAWM. China experiences more rainfall between the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, but less rainfall south of the Yangtze River. The SSTA is negative near the Taiwan Island due to the impact of strong EAWM and shows a La Ni?a pattern anomaly over the eastern Pacific. During the weak MJO activity winters, the situation is reversed.  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF EQUATORIAL CENTRAL PACIFIC SSTAS ON THE INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF PRECIPITATION OVER SOUTHWEST CHINA DURING SPRING     

余锦华  陈成  方珂  张婉颖 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(2):166-176

The interannual variations of rainfall over southwest China (SWC) during spring and its relationship with sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Pacific are analyzed, based on monthly mean precipitation data from 26 stations in SWC between 1961 and 2010, NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, and Hadley global SST data. Sensitivity tests are conducted to assess the response of precipitation in SWC to SSTAs over two key oceanic domains, using the global atmospheric circulation model ECHAM5. The interannual variation of rainfall over SWC in spring is very significant. There are strong negative (positive) correlation coefficients between the anomalous precipitation over SWC and SSTAs over the equatorial central Pacific (the mid-latitude Pacific) during spring. Numerical simulations show that local rainfall in the northwest of the equatorial central Pacific is suppressed, and a subtropical anticyclone circulation anomaly is produced, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the mid-latitude western Pacific occurs, when the equatorial Pacific SSTAs are in a cold phase in spring. Anomalous northerly winds appear in the northeastern part of SWC in the lower troposphere. Precipitation increases over the Maritime Continent of the western equatorial Pacific, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly appears in the northwest of the western equatorial Pacific. A trough over the Bay of Bengal enhances the southerly flow in the south of SWC. The trough also enhances the transport of moisture to SWC. The warm moisture intersects with anomalous cold air over the northeast of SWC, and so precipitation increases during spring. On the interannual time scale, the impacts of the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs on rainfall in SWC during spring are not significant, because the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are affected by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs; that is, the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are a feedback to the circulation anomaly caused by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs.  相似文献   

Global ionospheric electron density estimation based on multisource TEC data assimilation     

She  Chengli  Wan  Weixing  Yue  Xinan  Xiong  Bo  Yu  You  Ding  Feng  Zhao  Biqiang 《GPS Solutions》2017,21(3):1125-1137

GPS Solutions - We developed a parameterized ionospheric electron density model based on the IRI-2012 model by spherical harmonic expansions in the horizontal and empirical orthogonal functions in...  相似文献   

Point grid map: a new type of thematic map for statistical data associated with geographic points     

Mengjie Zhou  Fuquan Xiong  Rui Wang 《制图学和地理信息科学》2017,44(5):374-389

ABSTRACT

Social, economic, and environmental statistical data associated with geographic points are currently globally available in large amounts. When conventional thematic maps, such as proportional symbol maps or point diagram maps, are used to represent these data, the maps appear cluttered if the point data volumes are relatively large or cover a relatively dense region. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new type of thematic map for statistical data associated with geographic points: the point grid map. In a point grid map, an input point data set is transformed into a grid in which each point is represented by a square grid cell of equal size while preserving the relative position of each point, which leads to a clear and uncluttered appearance, and the grid cells can be shaded or patterned with symbols or diagrams according to the attributes of the points. We present an algorithm to construct a point grid map and test it with several simulated and real data sets. Furthermore, we present some variants of the point grid map.  相似文献