Stochastic sediment transport: anomalous diffusions and random movement     

Tsai  Christina W.  Hung  Serena Y.  Wu  Tsung-Han 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2020,34(2):397-413

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - A sediment particle in a flow not only follows the flow direction but also randomly diffuses through the surrounding fluid, because of the...  相似文献   

Development of a tunable friction pendulum system for semi‐active control of building structures under earthquake ground motions          下载免费PDF全文

Pan Peng  Zhang Dongbin  Zeng Yi  Tsai Yachun  Nie Xin 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(8):1706-1721

The Friction Pendulum System (FPS) isolator is commonly used as a base isolation system in buildings. In this paper, a new tunable FPS (TFPS) isolator is proposed and developed to act as a semi‐active control system by combining the traditional FPS and semi‐active control concept. Theoretical analysis and physical tests were carried out to investigate the behavior of the proposed TFPS isolator. The experimental and theoretical results were in good agreement, both suggesting that the friction force of the TFPS isolator can be tuned to achieve seismic isolation of the structure. A series of numerical simulations of a base‐isolated structure equipped with the proposed TFPS isolator and subjected to earthquake ground motions were also conducted. In the analyses, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method was adopted to control the friction force of the proposed TFPS, and the applicability and effectiveness of the TFPS in controlling the structure's seismic responses were investigated. The simulation results showed that the TFPS can reduce the displacement of the isolation layer without significantly increasing the floor acceleration and inter‐story displacement of the superstructure, confirming that the TFPS can effectively control a base‐isolated structure under earthquake ground motions.  相似文献   

Hybrid testing with model updating on steel panel damper substructures using a multi-axial testing system     

Kung-Juin Wang  Ming-Chieh Chuang  Keh-Chyuan Tsai  Chao-Hsien Li  Pu-Yuan Chin  Shen-Yuo Chueh 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(3):347-365

This paper describes a series of hybrid tests performed on a steel panel damper (SPD) specimen by using a multi-axial testing system. The building under investigation adopted a three-dimensional six-story moment resisting frame with four SPDs installed at each story as the main seismic resisting system. The structural model was subjected to bi-directional ground excitations of three hazard levels. The finite element analysis program “Platform of Inelastic Structural Analysis for 3D Systems” (PISA3D) was used as the analysis kernel for hybrid tests. Relevant programming extensions in PISA3D were created to support geographically distributed hybrid testing in a general-purpose manner. An external displacement control (EDC) method was developed such that the actual boundary deformation of the specimen fixtures could be continuously measured and immediately compensated during tests. An online model updating (OMU) technique was developed and employed such that the material properties of the specimen could be identified directly from the specimen response during the test. The identified material properties were then immediately used to update those of the other relevant numerical elements to enhance the overall simulation fidelity. Superior flexibility of the underlying software architecture was well demonstrated in this series of hybrid tests since no hardcoding was used to support all the complex test settings. Test results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed EDC method, as well as the capacity of the proposed OMU technique to satisfactorily and efficiently capture the hysteretic properties of the specimen.  相似文献   

Particle transport mechanics and induced seismic noise in steep flume experiments with accelerometer-embedded tracers     

Florent Gimbert  Brian M. Fuller  Michael P. Lamb  Victor C. Tsai  Joel P. L. Johnson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):219-241

Recent advances in fluvial seismology have provided solid observational and theoretical evidence that near-river seismic ground motion may be used to monitor and quantify coarse sediment transport. However, inversions of sediment transport rates from seismic observations have not been fully tested against independent measurements, and thus have unknown but potentially large uncertainties. In the present study, we provide the first robust test of existing theory by conducting dedicated sediment transport experiments in a flume laboratory under fully turbulent and rough flow conditions. We monitor grain-scale physics with the use of ‘smart rocks’ that consist of accelerometers embedded into manufactured rocks, and we quantitatively link bedload mechanics and seismic observations under various prescribed flow and sediment transport conditions. From our grain-scale observations, we find that bedload grain hop times are widely distributed, with impacts being on average much more frequent than predicted by existing saltation models. Impact velocities are observed to be a linear function of average downstream cobble velocities, and both velocities show a bed-slope dependency that is not represented in existing saltation models. Incorporating these effects in an improved bedload-induced seismic noise model allows sediment flux to be inverted from seismic noise within a factor of two uncertainty. This result holds over nearly two orders of magnitude of prescribed sediment fluxes with different sediment sizes and channel-bed slopes, and particle–particle collisions observed at the highest investigated rates are found to have negligible effect on the generated seismic power. These results support the applicability of the seismic-inversion framework to mountain rivers, although further experiments remain to be conducted at sediment transport near transport capacity. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

三沙湾海水养殖固碳潜力评估与空间格局分析          下载免费PDF全文

张智  雷灵逸  王飞鹏  李荣茂  李聪  黄亚玲  穆景利 《海洋开发与管理》2024,41(2):28-37

文章以福建省典型养殖海湾三沙湾为研究区域,对区域内养殖现状开展调查,并对三沙湾养殖固碳量及价值量进行核算。结果显示,2022年三沙湾养殖总产量66.47万t,其中贝藻养殖产量26.67万t;优势经济物种包括大黄鱼、鲍鱼、海带、江蓠和牡蛎。测定不同养殖生物含碳率存在时空差异,其中养殖生物软组织含碳率为23.67%～43.89%,养殖贝类贝壳含碳率为11.12%～15.05%;海带含碳率随生长周期降低,而贝类含碳率在生长过程无显著差异。经核算,2022年三沙湾海水养殖牡蛎、海带、江蓠等不投饵贝藻类养殖可从水体中移出碳约2.91万t,相当于减排二氧化碳10.67万t,可创造经济价值161.74万元,具有良好的固碳潜力与经济效益。鲍鱼、大黄鱼、海参等投饵型养殖生物在养殖过程中引入外来碳源约92.55万t,饵料的投入和养殖结构不合理是导致投饵型养殖碳固存能力弱的重要因素。文章聚焦典型养殖海湾的渔业固碳能力核算,并针对投饵型养殖生物的碳固存能力进行探讨,研究结果能够为该区域养殖规划和水产养殖行业的绿色升级转型提供科学支持。  相似文献   

大型溞(Daphnia magna)线粒体基因组的测定与序列分析     

程瑞雪  邓斌  王亚玲  耿雪侠  李俊  张旭  彭树英  邓道贵  张海军 《湖泊科学》2016,28(2):414-420

利用Long-PCR及普通PCR技术,结合引物步移法测序,经拼接、组装后获得中国淮河大型溞(Daphnia magna)线粒体基因组全序列,并对其基因组成、结构特点等进行初步分析.大型溞线粒体基因组全长为14948 bp,A、T、G、C各碱基含量分别为32.37%、34.73%、15.58%、17.31%,表现出明显的AT偏倚.13个蛋白质编码基因、22个t RNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个D-loop区(控制区)的排列方式与典型的节肢动物线粒体基因组的排列方式略有不同.除COI基因以CTG、ATP8基因以GTG、ND3基因以ATC以及ND6基因以ATT为起始密码子以外,其余9个蛋白质编码基因均以ATG作为起始密码子;9个蛋白质编码基因具有典型的完全终止子TAG或TAA,COI、COII、ND4和ND5等基因采用不完全终止密码子T.基因组包含9个基因间隔区,共81 bp,长度1~62 bp;13个基因重叠区,共77 bp,重叠碱基数在1~27 bp之间,最大重叠在16 S rRNA和tRNA~(Val)基因之间.在预测的22个tRNA基因的二级结构中,发现只有tRNA~(Ser1)基因未能形成完整的二级结构,其他21个基因均可形成典型的三叶草结构.16 S rRNA和12 S rRNA基因长度分别为1373 bp和752 bp,D-loop区全长289 bp.本研究结果为探讨大型溞在溞属中的系统学地位及其与其他种间的系统发生关系等问题提供了数据资源.  相似文献   

河北测震台网单台震级偏差分析     

王亚玲  王宁  王莉婵  赵英萍  蔡玲玲 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(4):26-37

以河北测震台网记录的河北及周边地区地震事件为数据源,计算单台测定震级与台网平均震级的平均偏差、标准偏差,采用统计、对比、归纳分析等方法,分析偏差的分布情况,依据震中距分段计算平均偏差,得到震级偏差的分布规律及相应校正值;最后通过对量规函数、台基岩性等进行校正,对比拟合出符合河北台站特点的新量规函数,使误差精度在规定范围之内。  相似文献   

Effect of wave non‐linearity on the standing‐wave‐induced seabed response     

C. P. Tsai  T. L. Lee  J. R. C. Hsu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2000,24(11):869-892

A standing wave in front of a seawall may reach a height more than twice of its incident component. When excess pore pressure occurs, it may even induce seabed instability, hence endangering the structure. This issue was studied previously using only linear wave theory. In this paper, standing‐wave theory to a second‐order approximation is applied, in order to demonstrate the differences between these two solutions. The spatial and temporal variations in the instantaneous pore pressure are first calculated, in addition to their vertical distributions. The effects of wave height, water depth and the degree of soil saturation on pore pressure distributions are then discussed, followed by the net pore pressure averaged over one wave cycle. The results suggest the existence of a residual pore pressure in the seabed and its net pore pressure can be used to estimate the wave‐induced liquefaction potential in a soil column. It also indicates that, in deep water, the second‐order solution predicts that a negative pore pressure at an antinode which may be greater than a positive pressure. Overall, the second‐order solution is found to agree better with the experimental results of the pore pressures available, compared to the linear solution. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献