南海北部珊瑚生长率对4.2 ka气候事件的记录     

党少华  余克服  陶士臣  韩韬  张会领  姜伟 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(1):110-117

The 4.2 ka event that occurred during the period from 4 500–3 900 a BP was characterized by cold and dry climates and resulted in the collapse of civilizations around the world. The cause of this climatic event, however, has been under debate. We collected four corals(Porites lutea) from Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands, South China Sea, dated them with the U-series method, and measured the annual coral growth rates using X-ray technology. The dating results showed that the coral growth ages were from 4 500–3 900 a BP, which coincide well with the period of the4.2 ka event. We then reconstructed annual sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) variations based on the coral growth rates. The growth rate-based SSTA results showed that the interdecadal SSTA from 4 500–3 900 a BP was lower than that during modern times(1961–2008 AD). A spectral analysis showed that the SSTA variations from4 500–3 900 a BP were under the influence of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) activities. From 4 500–4 100 a BP, the climate exhibited La Ni?a-like conditions with weak ENSO intensity and relatively stable and lower SSTA amplitudes. From 4 100–3 900 a BP, the climate underwent a complicated period of ENSO variability and showed alternating El Ni?o-or La Ni?a-like conditions at interdecadal time scales and large SSTA amplitudes. We speculate that during the early and middle stages of the 4.2 ka event, the cold climate caused by weak ENSO activities largely weakened social productivity. Then, during the end stages of the 4.2 ka event, the repeated fluctuations in the ENSO intensity caused frequent extreme weather events, resulting in the collapse of civilizations worldwide. Thus, the new evidence obtained from our coral records suggests that the 4.2 ka event as well as the related collapse of civilizations were very likely driven by ENSO variability.  相似文献   

北斗天线相位中心偏差改正对精密单点定位的影响     

谷世铭  党亚民  王虎  谷守周  许长辉  任政兆  张金旭 《测绘通报》2020,(1):66-70

利用厂商模型、MGEX模型和ESA模型对BDS卫星天线相位中心偏差进行改正,结果表明,3种模型对BDS精密单点定位精度均有所提升,其中,水平方向提升1～2 cm,高程方向定位精度由1 dm提升为厘米级,ESA模型优于另外两种模型。利用GPS接收机天线相位中心偏差改正值对BDS接收机天线相位中心偏差进行改正,其精度改善情况随天线类型的不同而存在差异,水平方向精度影响为毫米级,高程方向与天线类型有关,精度影响最大可达厘米级。  相似文献   

1961—2017年华北地区高温日数及高温热浪时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邢佩  杨若子  杜吴鹏  党冰  轩春怡  熊飞麟 《地理科学》2020,40(8):1365-1376

利用华北地区85个气象站1961—2017年逐日最高气温资料,统计分析了华北地区高温日数及高温热浪（频次、持续时间、强度）的时空变化特征。结果表明：① 华北地区年高温日数整体呈增加趋势,自20世纪90年代中期之后年均高温日数明显增多;高温多出现在华北地区的南部和西部,华北地区大部分站点的高温日数呈增加趋势。② 就气候平均态而言,高温初日有略提前趋势,高温终日则明显推迟;空间上,绝大多数台站的高温终日呈推迟的趋势,其中京津冀中北部地区尤为明显。③ 累计高温热浪次数、轻度和中度热浪次数均整体增加,并在1990年左右明显由少变多,重度热浪次数增加趋势更为显著;1987年之后,平均每次高温热浪事件的高温有效积温明显增加,表明高温热浪的平均强度增大。④ 不同等级高温热浪总频次的空间分布特征相近,高频次区域均集中在内蒙古西部、山西西南部和河北南部;热浪累计频次的变化趋势在内蒙和山西以增多为主,在京津冀地区以减少为主。除山西南部和河北南部的个别站点以外,绝大多数站点的热浪平均持续天数和平均高温有效积温的变化呈增多增强趋势。总体来看,华北大部分区域自20世纪90年代以来,高温日数及热浪事件明显增强,同时存在明显的空间差异,研究结果将有助于进一步认识华北高温的区域性特征。  相似文献   

GNSS监测的川滇地区地壳形变动态变化特征     

党亚民  杨强  薛树强  岳彩亚  刘宗强 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):111-116

利用1999~2015年陆态网和四川省CORS网GNSS数据,研究川滇地区地壳形变动态变化特征,按照1999~2004年、2004~2007年、2007~2009年、2009~2011年、2011~2013年、2013~2015年建立6期地壳速度场和应变率场,并进行对比分析。研究表明,川滇地区地壳水平运动整体以继承性运动为主,汶川地震等强震没有改变区域整体运动趋势与作用力方向,但速度场随时间变化更加复杂且量级有所增加,特别是在龙门山断裂西侧,汶川地震后运动速率明显增加。川滇地区应变率数值和形变状态随时间呈现较为明显的动态变化特征,变化较大区域主要位于龙门山断裂、鲜水河断裂、小江断裂等深大断裂周边,表明川滇地区断裂活动对地壳形变影响显著。  相似文献   

Distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in surface soils along an altitudinal transect at cold and humid Mountain Changbai: Implications for the reconstruction of paleoaltimetry and paleoclimate     

Yue Li  Shijin Zhao  Hongye Pei  Shi Qian  Jingjie Zang  Xinyue Dang  Huan Yang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(7):925-939

Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers(GDGTs)serve as important tools for the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate and paleoecology in both continental and marine environments.Previous studies of GDGTs in the terrestrial environments focused primarily on the soils from the relatively warm-humid or cold-dry regions.However,it is still unclear how GDGTs respond to environmental variables in the cold-humid regions.Here,we collected soils along an altitudinal transect of Mountain(Mt.)Changbai,which has a typical cold-humid climate,to investigate the distribution of GDGTs and the response of GDGT-based proxies to changes in climate along the transect.The shift in the distribution of archaeal isoprenoidal GDGTs(iso GDGTs)revealed that the archaeal community varied significantly along the transect,which can affect the relationship between TEX_(86)and mean annual air temperature(MAT).In addition,the increased temperature seasonality at higher altitudes exerted a significant impact on TEX_(86).We proposed a global calibration of TEX_(86)for the growing season temperature reconstruction in the soil environments:T=85.19×TEX_(86)-46.30(R~2=0.84,p0.001).The methylation indices for 5-methyl branched GDGTs(br GDGTs)including MBT′_(5me)and MBT_(5/6),showed correlation with soil water content but no relationship with MAT,indicating that MBT′_(5me)and MBT_(5/6)from cold-humid environments may be not suitable for temperature and altitude reconstruction.In contrast,the recently developed p H proxies,including MBT′_(6me)(the methylation index for 6-methyl br GDGTs),CBT(Cyclisation index of Branched Tetraethers),IR_(IIa’)(Isomer ratio of IIa′)and IR_(IIIa′)(Isomer ratio of IIIa′)exhibited significant correlations with soil p H,suggesting these proxies can still be used for soil p H reconstruction in the coldhumid regions.The combination of MBT′_(5me)and MBT′_(6me)was strongly related to different types of climate(cold-dry,warmhumid,cold-humid,and warm-dry).For example,MBT′_(5me)0.65 and MBT′_(6me)0.55 are diagnostic for the cold-humid climate.Thus,the combination of MBT′_(5me)and MBT′_(6me)has the potential as a tool for the identification of different types of paleoclimate.  相似文献   

Future high- and low-flow estimations for Central Vietnam: a hydro-meteorological modelling chain approach     

Quang Thinh Dang  Harald Kunstmann 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(11):1867-1889

We apply a complex hydro-meteorological modelling chain for investigating the impact of climate change on future hydrological extremes in Central Vietnam, a region characterized by limited data availability. The modelling chain consists of six General Circulation Models (GCMs), six Regional Climate Models (RCMs), six bias correction (BC) approaches, the fully distributed Water Flow and Balance Simulation Model (WaSiM), and extreme values analysis. Bias corrected and raw climate data are used as input for WaSiM. To derive hydrological extremes, the generalized extreme value distribution is fitted to the annual maxima/minima discharge. We identify limitations according to the fitting procedure and the BC methods, and suggest the usage of the delta change approach for hydrological decision support. Tendencies towards increased high- and decreased low flows are concluded. Our study stresses the challenges in using current GCMs/RCMs in combination with state-of-the-art BC methods and extreme value statistics for local impact studies.  相似文献   

蓝藻水华暴发期间太湖贡湖湾某水厂水源水及出厂水中微囊藻毒素污染分析及健康风险评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

范亚民  姜伟立  刘宝贵  常闻捷  吴召仕 《湖泊科学》2018,30(1):25-33

水体富营养化导致的有害蓝藻水华仍是目前全世界普遍面临的水环境问题,而有害蓝藻水华所引起的饮用水安全问题亦受到人们的广泛关注.为了解太湖水源地水源水及自来水厂出厂饮用水中微囊藻毒素(MCs)的污染现状,于2014年8月期间对贡湖湾某水厂水源水及出厂水中浮游植物胞内及胞外MCs浓度进行了调查,并同时检测了相关的理化指标.结果表明,水源水中胞内MCs总浓度平均值为7165.5 ng/L,以MC-LR和MC-RR为主,平均浓度分别为3408.7和3398.8 ng/L,其中MC-RR占总MCs比例的平均值为56.1%;而胞外溶解性MCs浓度相对较低,平均浓度为142.6 ng/L,最高浓度仅为512.8 ng/L.水厂出厂水中胞内MCs的检出浓度(平均值为0.77 ng/L)和检出频率都很低,去除率达99.8%以上;而胞外溶解性MCs的检出浓度(平均值为21.71 ng/L)和检出频率相对较高,但浓度仍远低于国家标准1.0μg/L,其去除率相对较低,仅为62.9%~81.8%.数据分析发现,水源水中胞内与胞外MCs浓度之间呈显著正相关,胞内MCs浓度与总氮(TN)浓度、铵态氮(NH+4-N)浓度、总磷(TP)浓度、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和浊度呈显著相关,而胞外MCs浓度与TN浓度、TP浓度、CODMn、浊度和叶绿素a浓度呈显著正相关;逐步回归结果显示,TP对胞内MCs浓度变化的解释率最高,而胞外MCs浓度变化主要与胞内MCs浓度相关.最终,通过对出厂饮用水中MCs浓度非致癌风险指数的计算发现,出厂饮用水对人类健康的威胁较小,但致癌风险相对较高.  相似文献   

Molecular characterizations of chloramphenicol- and oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in mariculture waters of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hongyue Dang  Jingyi Zhao  Mingna Chen 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(7):987-994

In order to gain an understanding of the diversity and distribution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in maricultural environments, multidrug-resistant bacteria were screened for the rearing waters from a mariculture farm of China. Both abalone Haliotis discushannai and turbot Scophthalmus maximus rearing waters were populated with abundant chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria. These bacteria were also multidrug resistant, with Vibriosplendidus and Vibriotasmaniensis being the most predominant species. The chloramphenicol-resistance gene cat II, cat IV or floR could be detected in most of the multidrug-resistant isolates, and the oxytetracycline-resistance gene tet(B), tet(D), tet(E) or tet(M) could also be detected for most of the isolates. Coexistence of chloramphenicol- and oxytetracycline-resistance genes partially explains the molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance in the studied maricultural environments. Comparative studies with different antimicrobial agents as the starting isolation reagents may help detect a wider diversity of the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes.  相似文献   

LLSVPs与全球热点空间叠置性再分析     

党牛  余星  胡航  许绪成  何虎  余娅娜 《地质学报》2022,96(12):4140-4148

地震层析成像显示在非洲和太平洋之下的核幔边界处(～2800 km)存在两个大型低剪切波速省(LLSVPs),分别被命名为Tuzo和Jason,指示温度或成分的异常。前人通过研究发现,大火成岩省喷发的古位置以及现今活动热点位置多位于LLSVPs边界±10°附近。由此,基于空间相关性,将LLSVPs狭窄的边界视为地幔热柱生成区,广泛用于解释地幔柱与热点的成因。但是,将一个深度2800 km的地球物理异常与地表热点建立联系,仍存在诸多不确定性。而且LLSVPs作为全球尺度的异常区,在地表的映射范围巨大,不可避免地与大量热点存在天然的空间叠置性,这种空间关联的程度以及是否具有成因联系仍然未知。本文考虑随机状态下热点落入LLSVPs范围的概率,对全球热点与LLSVPs边界重新进行空间分析,判断两者之间的空间叠置性。统计结果显示,全球热点与LLSVPs边界的空间相关性不及预期,Tuzo和Jason之间存在较大差异,Jason与热点缺乏空间位置相关性,而Tuzo与热点空间相关性较强。热点的分布与成因可能并不完全受控于LLSVPs。研究结果对普遍认为的LLSVPs与热点分布之间的强相关性提出质疑,在具...  相似文献   

极区顶部电离层离子上行-DMSP卫星观测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

霍亮  马淑英  周云良  党戈 《极地研究》2006,18(2):98-107

本文利用DMSP卫星离子漂移速度测量数据,对高纬顶部电离层离子整体上行进行研究,主要考察平静时和磁暴期间离子上行强度与发生率随MLT(晨昏两侧)分布规律的变化;以及磁暴期间强的离子上行与等离子体对流及其剪切之间的关系。研究发现,磁暴期间强上行事件的发生率比平静期高近2倍,发生率的晨昏不对称性出现逆转,由平静时昏侧发生率较大变为磁暴期间晨侧发生率较大;磁暴期间晨侧离子上行速度的分布向速度高端加权,平均速度大于昏侧,最大上行速度远大于昏侧;强的离子上行往往与强对流剪切或强对流本身相伴随。  相似文献