江汉平原农地城市流转与经济发展阶段的耦合关系     

闵捷  张安录  高魏 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(1):64-67

分析江汉平原2000—2004年农地城市流转时空特征,根据农地城市流转的综合变动系数,将江汉平原农地城市流转类型划分为剧变型、缓变型、相对稳定型和稳定型,并研究农地城市流转类型与经济发展阶段的关系,结果表明:在不同的经济发展阶段,农地城市流转类型也不同;在相同的经济发展阶段,如果产业结构和就业结构不同,农地城市流转类型也不同;各市、县的产业非农化、就业非农化及农地城市流转耦合系数与农地城市流转综合变动系数具有较高的一致性,这对判断农地城市流转类型具有参考作用。  相似文献   

海滨旅游目的地竞争力影响因素实证分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

臧德霞  黄洁 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(5):105-108

为把握海滨旅游目的地竞争力各影响因素之间的逻辑层次关系以及影响因素与竞争力的相关性,通过问卷调查,借助SPSS13.0统计软件进行因子分析。结果表明,海滨旅游目的地竞争力的影响因素可归纳为11项公共因子,按其对海滨旅游目的地竞争力影响程度大小依次为自然吸引物、资源与环境维护、社会灾难、目的地可进入性与知名度、目的地经营管理、旅游服务设施、旅游发展保障因素、目的地组织及其相关政策、目的地基础设施、人文吸引物、物价水平。  相似文献   

土地节约与集约利用评价研究——以湖南省为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈彦  刘明亮  雷志刚 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(4):33-38

土地节约与集约利用是发展循环经济和建设节约型社会的必然要求。首先明确提出土地节约和集约利用评价方法与指标选取原则，完善节约和集约用地的评价指标结构层，特别是农用地和农村宅基地等土地利用类型的评价指标，建立区域和土地利用分区的节约与集约利用土地评价指标体系，以湖南省为例，运用层次分析法，得出湖南省土地节约与集约利用水平的动态变化发展趋势以及农用地集约利用的效益，最后利用加权求和的综合方法，计算出湖南省农用地集约利用水平的综合评价值。  相似文献   

基于3S技术和USLE的深圳市茜坑水库流域土壤侵蚀强度预测研究     

ZHAO Yan-xin  ZHANG Wan-shun  Wang Yan  Wang Ting-ting 《福建地理》2007,(3)

基于RS、GPS和GIS(3S技术)的集成提出了USLE 6大因子的算法,在建立的专题地理信息数据库基础上,运用USLE对深圳市茜坑水库流域的土壤侵蚀强度进行预测和估算.结果表明:整个流域90.5%的区域土壤流失强度为中度以下,强度侵蚀以上的区域虽然仅占整个流域面积的9.5%,但是年土壤侵蚀量达到了整个流域土壤侵蚀量的49.4%.流域土壤侵蚀强度和植被覆盖情况明显相关,茜坑水库流域的东北山区部分是整个流域的严重侵蚀区.研究证明:在3S技术集成支持下,采用USLE对流域的土壤流失强度进行预测和估算的方法具有直观、方便、快捷的优点,成果能充分满足小流域水土保持工作的需要.  相似文献   

可达性度量方法及应用研究进展评述   总被引：26，自引：8，他引：26  

陈洁  陆锋  程昌秀 《地理科学进展》2007,26(5):100-110

可达性一直是地理学、土木建筑工程设计、交通运输经济学等学科的研究热点。已有的各 种可达性度量方法目前已广泛应用于交通网络与城镇发展研究、交通基础设施的区域经济效应 评价、选址分析、园林景观规划、社会文化等多个研究领域。随着应用需求的持续加大和技术研究 的不断深入, 可达性度量方法也在快速发展, 其度量体系正在形成。本文首先从两个层面对可达 性的涵义进行全面阐述; 在此基础上, 从网络特性的角度对拓扑法、距离法、累积机会法、等值线 法、重力模型法、平衡系数法、时空法、效用法等目前常用的可达性度量方法进行系统分类, 并且 从可达性影响因素入手对各种度量方法进行综合比较与评述; 然后, 针对不同的应用领域, 对各 种度量方法的应用研究现状进行详细论述与剖析; 最后, 对可达性研究的发展方向进行深入讨论 与展望。  相似文献   

Semi-active model predictive control for 3rd generation benchmark problem using smart dampers     

颜桂云  孙炳楠  吕艳平 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2007,6(3):307-315

A semi-active strategy for model predictive control (MPC), in which magneto-rheological dampers are used as an actuator, is presented for use in reducing the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings. A multi-step predictive model is developed to estimate the seismic performance of high-rise buildings, taking into account of the effects of nonlinearity, time-variability, model mismatching, and disturbances and uncertainty of controlled system parameters by the predicted error feedback in the multi-step predictive model. Based on the predictive model, a Kalman-Bucy observer suitable for semi-active strategy is proposed to estimate the state vector from the acceleration and semi-active control force feedback. The main advantage of the proposed strategy is its inherent stability, simplicity, on-line real-time operation, and the ability to handle nonlinearity, uncertainty, and time-variability properties of structures. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear seismic responses of a controlled 20-story benchmark building is carried out, and the simulation results are compared to those of other control systems. The results show that the developed semi-active strategy can efficiently reduce the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE MIXING OF UNSORTED SEDIMENT PARTICLES DISCHARGED INTO A CROSS-FLOW BY MULTIPHASE PARTICLE-IN-CELL （MP-PIC） METHOD     

Jie GU Chiwai LI Hong YANG Yong ZHAN 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(2):150-159

The mixing characteristics of dredged sediments of variable size discharged into cross-flow are studied by an Eulerian-Lagrangian method. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model has been developed by using the modified k-ε parameterization for the turbulence in fluid phase/water and a Lagrangian method for the solid phase/sediments. In the model the wake turbulence induced by sediments has been included as additional source and sink terms in the k-ε model; and the trajectories of the sediments are tracked by the Lagrangian method in which the sediment drift velocities in cross-flow are computed by a multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method and the diffusion process is approximated by a random walk model. The hydrodynamic behavior of dumped sediment cloud is governed by the total buoyancy on the cloud, the drag force on each particle and velocity of cross-flow. The cross-flow destroys more or less the double vortices occurred in stagnant ambience and dominates the longitudinal movement of sediment cloud. The computed results suggest satisfactory agreement by comparison with the experimental results of laboratory.  相似文献   

High-resolution climate variability of southwest China during 57-70 ka reflected in a stalagmite δ18O record from Xinya Cave   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li TingYong  Yuan DaoXian  Li HongChun  Yang Yan  Wang JianLi  Wang XinYa  Li JunYun  Qin JiaMing  Zhang MeiLiang  Lin YuShi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(8):1202-1208

A 26-cm-long stalagmite (XY2) from Xinya Cave in northeastern Chongqing of China has been ICP-MS ²³⁰Th/U dated, showing a depositional hiatus at 2.3 cm depth from the top. The growth of the 2.3–26 cm interval determined by four dates was between 57 ka and 70 ka, with a linear growth rate of 0.023 mm/a. We have analyzed 190 samples for δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C, mostly in the 2.3–26 cm part. The δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C values between 57 ka and 70 ka reveal decadal-to-centennial climatic variability during the glacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4), exhibiting much higher resolution than that of the published Hulu and Dongge records during this interval. Speleothem δ ¹⁸O in eastern China, including our study area can be used as a proxy of summer monsoon strength, with lighter values pointing to stronger summer monsoon and higher precipitation, and vice versa. Two decreases in the δ ¹⁸O signature of XY2 record around 59.5 and 64.5 Ka are argued to correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 17 and 18 respectively. The Heinrich event 6 (H6) can be identified in the record as a heavy δ ¹⁸O peak around 60 ka, indicating significant weakening of the monsoon in Chongqing during the cold period. The XY2 δ ¹⁸O record shows very rapid change toward to the interstadial condition of the D-O event, but more gradual change toward to the cold stadial condition. This phenomenon found in the Greenland ice core records is rarely observed so clearly in previously published speleothem records. According to SPECMAP δ ¹⁸O record, the glacial maximum of MIS 4 was around 64.5 ka with the boundary of MIS 3/4 around 60 ka. Unlike the marine record, the speleothem record of XY2, China, exhibits much high frequency variations without an apparent glacial maximum during MIS 4. However, the timing of MIS 3/4 boundary seems to be around 60 ka when the H6 terminated, in agreement with the marine chronology. The growth period of sample XY2 during glacial times probably reflects a local karstic routing of water, rather than having climatic significance. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40672165, 90511004, 40672202) and the Academician Special Project of Chongqing Science Committee (Grant No. 2003-7835)  相似文献   

由井-含水层系统的水位动态反演含水层体应变     

晏锐  高福旺  陈颙 《中国地震》2007,23(3):303-309

以孔隙弹性理论和水文地质学原理为基础,给出井水位波动与含水层介质体应变变化关系的数学表达式,结合固体潮理论分析了井—含水层系统水位潮汐波动对体应变固体潮的响应特征,用水位潮汐波来反演含水层体应变的变化,将反演结果与体应变实测资料得到的结果进行对比,发现二者有较好的一致性,说明用水位潮汐波来反演含水层体应变的方法是可行的,它为了解含水层的水文地质特性、体应变的变化及探索地震前兆提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

Effects of surface characteristics on infiltration patterns in an arid shrub desert   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xin‐Ping Wang  Xin‐Rong Li  Hong‐Lang Xiao  Ronny Berndtsson  Yan‐Xia Pan 《水文研究》2007,21(1):72-79

Precipitation is often the sole source of water replenishment in arid and semi‐arid areas and, thus, plays a pertinent role in sustaining desert ecosystems. Revegetation over 40 years using mainly Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station near Lanzhou, China, has established a dwarf‐shrub and microbiotic soil crust cover on the stabilized sand dunes. The redistribution of infiltrated moisture through percolation, root extraction, and evapotranspiration pathways was investigated. Three sets of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were inserted horizontally at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 cm depths below the ground surface in a soil pit. The three sets of TDR probes were installed in dwarf‐shrub sites of A. ordosica and C. korshinskii community with and without a microbiotic soil crust cover, and an additional set was placed in a bare sand dune area that had neither vegetation nor a microbiotic soil crust present. Volumetric soil moisture content was recorded at hourly intervals and used in the assessment of infiltration for the different surface covers. Infiltration varied greatly, from 7·5 cm to more than 45 cm, depending upon rainfall quantity and soil surface conditions. In the shrub community area without microbiotic soil crust cover, infiltration increased due to preferential flow associated with root tunnels. The microbiotic soil crust cover had a significant negative influence on the infiltration for small rainfall events (～10 mm), restricting the infiltration depth to less than 20 cm and increasing soil moisture content just beneath the soil profile of 10 cm, whereas it was not as strong or clear for larger rainfall events (～60 mm). For small rainfall events, the wetting front depth for the three kinds of surface cover was as follows: shrub community without microbiotic soil crust > bare area > shrub community with microbiotic soil crust. In contrast, for large rainfall events, infiltration was similar in shrub communities with and without microbiotic soil crust cover, but significantly higher than measured in the bare area. Soil water extraction by roots associated with evapotranspiration restricted the wetting front penetration after 1 to 3 h of rainfall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献