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51.
Intra-annual perturbations of stable isotopes in tufas: Effects of hydrological processes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tufas, which are freshwater carbonates, are potential archives of terrestrial paleoclimate. Time series of stable isotopic compositions commonly show regular seasonal patterns controlled by temperature-dependent processes, and some perturbation intrinsic to the locality. We examined three tufa-depositing sites in southwestern Japan with similar temperate climates, to understand the origin of local characteristics in the isotopic records. Seasonal change in the oxygen isotope is principally reflected by temperature-dependent fractionation between water and calcite but was perturbed after heavy rainfalls overwhelming the stability of the δ18O value of the groundwater at one site. Isotopic mass balance indicates an undersaturated and relatively small aquifer at this locality. Water δ18O values at the other two sites were stable, reflecting a regular seasonal change in the δ18O value of tufa. Perturbation of the δ13C values in tufa is largely due to CO2 degassing from the stream, which significantly increases the δ13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). At a site with remarkably high pCO2 in springwater and a sensitive response of flow rate to rainfall, the amount of CO2 degassing changed distinctly with flow rate. In contrast, the other two sites having low pCO2 springwater reflect a regular seasonal pattern of δ13C in DIC and tufa specimens. 相似文献
52.
Synplutonic mafic dykes from late Archaean granitoids in the Eastern Dharwar Craton,southern India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. Jayananda T. Miyazaki R. V. Gireesh N. Mahesha T. Kano 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(1):117-130
We present a first overview of the synplutonic mafic dykes (mafic injections) from the 2.56–2.52 Ga calcalkaline to potassic
plutons in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC). The host plutons comprise voluminous intrusive facies (dark grey clinopyroxene-amphibole
rich monzodiorite and quartz monzonite, pinkish grey porphyritic monzogranite and grey granodiorite) located in the central
part of individual pluton, whilst subordinate anatectic facies (light grey and pink granite) confined to the periphery. The
enclaves found in the plutons include highly angular screens of xenoliths of the basement, rounded to pillowed mafic magmatic
enclaves (MME) and most spectacular synplutonic mafic dykes. The similar textures of MME and adjoining synplutonic mafic dykes
together with their spatial association and occasional transition of MME to dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes imply a genetic
link between them. The synplutonic dykes occur in varying dimension ranging from a few centimeter width upto 200 meters width
and are generally dismembered or disrupted and rarely continuous. Necking of dyke along its length and back veining of more
leucocratic variant of the host is common feature. They show lobate as well as sharp contacts with chilled margins suggesting
their injection during different stages of crystallization of host plutons in magma chamber. Local interaction, mixing and
mingling processes are documented in all the studied crustal corridors in the EDC. The observed mixing, mingling, partial
hybridization, MME and emplacement of synplutonic mafic dykes can be explained by four stage processes: (1) Mafic magma injected
during very early stage of crystallization of host felsic magma, mixing of mafic and felsic host magma results in hybridization
with occasional MME; (2) Mafic magma introduced slightly later, the viscosities of two magmas may be different and permit
only mingling where by each component retain their identity; (3) When mafic magma injected into crystallizing granitic host
magma with significant crystal content, the mafic magma is channeled into early fractures and form dismembered synplutonic
mafic dykes and (4) Mafic injections enter into largely crystallized (>80% crystals) granitic host results in continuous dykes
with sharp contacts. The origin of mafic magmas may be related to development of fractures to mantle depth during crystallization
of host magmas which results in the decompression melting of mantle source. The resultant hot mafic melts with low viscosity
rise rapidly into the crystallizing host magma chamber where they interact depending upon the crystallinity and viscosity
of the host. These hot mafic injections locally cause reversal of crystallization of the felsic host and induce melting and
resultant melts in turn penetrate the crystallizing mafic body as back veining. Field chronology indicates injection of mafic
magmas is synchronous with emplacement of anatectic melts and slightly predates the 2.5 Ga metamorphic event which affected
the whole Archaean crust. The injection of mafic magmas into the crystallizing host plutons forms the terminal Archaean magmatic
event and spatially associated with reworking and cratonization of Archaean crust in the EDC. 相似文献
53.
Izu Peninsula in central Japan, the northern tip of the Izu‐Bonin arc, hosts numerous epithermal Au–Ag vein deposits of low‐sulfidation style. All have similar vein textures, mineralogy, and alteration. Geochemical data from fluid inclusions in vein quartz, the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of alteration, and stable isotope data indicate that auriferous hydrothermal activity occurred under subaerial conditions. The K–Ar ages of auriferous vein minerals are <1.5 Ma, indicating that the mineralization took place after extensive submarine volcanism for the host rocks. These observations suggest that Au–Ag mineralization was synchronous with the development of an extensional regime of the Izu block after its collision with the Honshu arc after 1.5 Ma. This collision resulted in the shifting of the Izu block far from the trench to the rear position, and the subduction of the Izu block along the Suruga trough to the west and along the Sagami trough to the east. The reararc position of the Izu block and double subduction resulted in crustal extension, upwelling of asthenospheric mantle, and tholeiitic magmatism reflected by mafic dyke swarms and subsequent monogenetic volcanic activity in the Izu peninsula. The timing of the Au mineralization in the Izu Peninsula during the beginning of lithospheric extension is similar to that of the Sado Au–Ag deposit on Sado island in the Japan Sea. Two mineralization events coincide with extensive tholeiitic mafic volcanism and injections of dyke swarms related to the back‐arc opening of the Japan Sea. The geological setting of the Au–Ag mineralization in Izu and Sado is also similar to that of the epithermal Au–Ag deposits in northern Nevada, where mineralization was contemporaneous with crustal extension and tholeiitic mafic magmatism derived from the asthenospheric mantle. This study suggests that epithermal Au mineralization at shallow crustal depths is a product of large‐scale lithospheric evolution. 相似文献
54.
Illite crystallinity study of the Cretaceous Shimanto Belt in the Akaishi Mountains, eastern Southwest Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract Illite crystallinity (IC) analyses in the Upper Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex of the southern Akaishi Mountains, eastern Southwest Japan confirm the applicability of this technique for evaluating the grade of diagenesis/metamorphism in a sediment-dominated accretionary complex. Reproducibility analyses of IC values show a variance of about 15% from the mean. Data from three traverses, which transect across-strike sections of ∼25 km, clearly demonstrate that the IC distributions have specific overall trends. The IC values belong to the lQwer anchizone and the zone of diagenesis. The IC distributions may be controlled locally by structural features, but there are no distinct relationships with regional-scale geological structures. This may indicate that the heterogeneous geothermal rise affected the pre-existing structural and diagenetic/metamorphic framework of the accretionary sequence. Along-strike variations of grade tend to increase toward the northeast where a Middle Miocene granitoid occurs. Hence, the original diagenetic/metamorphic framework of this part of the Shimanto Belt was presumably overprinted during the Middle Miocene. 相似文献
55.
Two Miocene basaltic andesite pillowed sills in the Shimane Peninsula, SW Japan, were intruded into wet marine sediments, plastically deforming them. The pillows are elongated, constricted, interconnected and relatively closely packed. Individual pillows have a poorly to moderately vesiculated, somewhat crystalline rind thinner than a few centimeters and a moderately to well vesiculated, more crystalline core; contraction cracks and spreading cracks are poorly developed. The pillows in the sills morphologically resemble pillow lava flows, and during sill intrusion, the magma bifurcated into pillow lobes in a manner similar to pillow lavas. Formation of pillows in sill probably occurs when the magma is intruded into wet sediments and protrudes fingers by the instability of the magma-sediment interface with little turbulence of magma flow. 相似文献
56.
中国西北帕米尔东北缘的活动断裂研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在卫星遥感图像的详细地质解译分析基础上,结合野外地质与地貌观察,对帕米尔东北缘山前与印度-亚欧大陆碰撞相关的活动断层进行了分析。研究结果指出,NW-NWW走向的断层主要表现为南倾逆冲断层,并伴随有强烈的右旋走滑分量。流经活动断层带的水系显示出右旋累积位错:小水系的水平位错量为4.0-20.0m,大河流的水平位错量达8-12km。沿断层带的上新世至早更新世地层也显示出一致的水平位错,位错量为8-12km。这些证明表明,帕米尔东南山前的NW-NWW走向的断层很可能开始于上新世末期至早更新世早期(2.2-3Ma)。研究结果首次厘定了帕米尔东北缘山前与向北逆冲相伴随的右旋走滑速率在第四纪期间达4.0-6.8mm/a。根据与现代地震活动相关的活断层分析,推测帕米尔东北缘山前7级以上地震重复周期为1000a左右。 相似文献
57.
Thrusts, pinch-and-swell structures and undulations are present within a 2-m-thick layered shale bed of Miocene age that is overlain by a rhyolite subaqueous pyroclastic flow deposit 2–3 m thick. The deformation structures were caused by loading and lateral compression by the subaqueous pyroclastic flow, probably analogous to those observed in layered muds deformed by a sand mass advancing across them. Prominent thrusts strike east-west and dip south, and the crests of undulations strike east-west, indicating that the subaqeuous pyroclastic flow moved northward. 相似文献
58.
Abstract. SHRIMP U-Pb ages were determined on single zircons separated from the Inishi migmatite in the Kamioka mining area, Hida metamorphic complex, central Japan. Twenty one determinations were distributed within the age of 234.2±1.8 Ma, excluding one inner core of a grain. As the analyzed crystals were mostly euhedral igneous zircons, the age indicates the crystallization of zircons from granitic melt during the formation of Inishi migmatite. The age of ca. 234 Ma corresponded to the later stage of the major regional metamorphic event in the Hida complex, while the age of ca. 265 Ma determined in a grain suggested the inherited age of the earlier phase of the metamorphism. 相似文献
59.
国际全球变化研究发展态势文献计量评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
-全球变化研究是国际上地球系统综合研究的重大跨学科研究领域。随着全球环境问题的日益突出,国际上先后组织发起了全球环境变化研究的四大科学计划WCRP、IGBP、IHDP、DIVERSITAS及其组成的地球系统科学联盟ESSP,开展对全球变化和地球系统科学的研究。当前,全球变化问题不仅是科学界关注和研究的问题,也是政治界、经济界都关注的重大问题。
科技文献能够反映科学前沿的发展动态。对SCIE和SSCI数据库收录的全球变化研究文献进行统计,从文献计量学的角度,分析国际全球变化研究领域的发展态势,了解中国全球变化研究的国际影响力。可以看出:国际上全球变化研究的论文数量一直呈增长趋势,以地球科学多学科、生态学、环境科学、自然地理学、植物学等学科领域为主。中国自2000年以来在该领域的发文数量增长较快,特别是中国科学院的发文量已进入国际前列,但中国在该研究领域尚缺少高影响力的论文。 相似文献
60.