Determination of silicate in seawater by inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry     

Kazuo Abe  Yasunori Watanabe 《Journal of Oceanography》1992,48(3):283-292

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP) was adopted for direct analysis of silicate in seawater, eliminating necessity for pre-treatment. Via this method, the determination of silicate is rapid and easy compared with conventional methods of colorimetry. In seawater analysis, a decrease of sensitivity of about 24% was observed due to interference by coexisting elements, mainly Na. Examination of the analytical conditions revealed a detection limit of 0.3 M Si, and precisions of approximately 3.2, 2.0 and 1.3% for Si levels of 4, 15 and 94 M, respectively. Using this method, silicate determination in the East China Sea was attempted.  相似文献   

Metasomatic origin of augen gneisses and related mylonitic rocks in the hida metamorphic complex,central Japan     

Dr. T. Kano 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1991,45(1):29-45

Summary The augen gneisses exposed in the Katakai area, in the north-eastern part of the Hida metamorphic complex, central Japan, are highly metasomatized sheared rocks. They contain K-feldspar megacrysts of nearly maximum ordering, and occur in a narrow zone, 2–3 km wide and 20–25 km long, along the boundary between hornblende gneiss and early Mesozoic granites. The hornblende gneiss, the protolith of augen gneisses, is mylonitized toward the granite, accompanied by significant metasomatism under greenschist facies conditions. The enrichment of SiO₂ and K₂O, and the increase of modal quartz, K-feldspar and hydrous minerals, are well described in terms of the Ml-value [Mylonitization Index: the modal fraction of fine-grained matrix (< 0.2 mm) representing the amount of grain-size reduction in thin section]. The primary plagioclase was albitized and the essential mineral assemblages were changed from oligoclase + hornblende in the protolith to actinolite + chlorite + epidote, and then, into epidote + biotite, along with the increase in MI-value. The mineralogical changes and growth of low microcline were carried out by reaction with and precipitation from fluids which flowed from the granite into the country rocks under shearing.

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Metasomatische Entstehung von Augengneisen und Myloniten im Metamorphen Komplex von Hida, Zentral-Japan

Zusammenfassung Die im Katakai-Gebiet im Nordostteil des metamorphen Komplexes von Hida, ZentralJapan, auftretenden Augengneise sind intensiv metasomatisierte, zerscherte Gesteine. Sie enthalten Megacryste von nahezu maximalem Ordnungszustand, und kommen in einer engen, 2–3 km breiten und 20–25 km langen Zone längs der Grenze zwischen Hornblendegneisen und frühmesozoischen Graniten vor. Der Homblendegneis, als Ausgangsgestein der Augengneise, ist gegen den Granit zunehmend mylonitisiert. Dies wird von signifikanter Metasomatose unter Grünschieferbedingungen begleitet. Die Anreicherng von SiO₂ und K₂O und die Zunahme von modalem Quarz, K-Feldspat und OH-führenden Mineralen sind im Rahmen des MI-Wertes (Mylonitisations-Index) beschrieben. Dieser Index gibt den modalen Anteil feinkörniger Matrix (< 0.2 mm) an und stellt den Betrag der Korngrößen-Reduktion in den Schliffen dar. Der primäre Plagioklas ist albitisiert, und die wichtigsten Mineralassoziationen wurden von Oligoklas + Hornblende im Ursprungsgestein in Aktinolit + Chlorit + Epidot, und dann in Epidot + Biotit umgewandelt; dies ging mit einer Zunahme des MI-Wertes einher. Die mineralogischen Umwandlungen, und das Wachstum von Tief-Mikroklin fanden durch Reaktion mit, und Ausfällung von Fluiden statt, die während der ScherVorgänge von Granit in die Nebengesteine migrierten.

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Waveform characteristics of deep low-frequency earthquakes: time-series evolution based on the theory of the KM₂O-Langevin equation     

Minoru Takeo  Hiroko Ueda  Yasunori Okabe  Masaya Matsuura 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,165(1):87-107

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Pyrene induces a reduction in midbrain size and abnormal swimming behavior in early-hatched pufferfish larvae     

Yuki Sugahara  Masahumi Kawaguchi  Tatsuya Itoyama  Daisuke Kurokawa  Yasuhiko Tosa  Shin-Ichi Kitamura  Itsuki C. Handoh  Kei Nakayama  Yasunori Murakami 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Spills of heavy oil (HO) have an adverse effect on marine life. We have demonstrated previously that exposure to HO by fertilized eggs of the pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) induces neural disruption and behavioral abnormality in early-hatched larvae. Here, two kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene and phenanthrene, were selected to examine their toxic effects on larval behavior of another pufferfish species (T. niphobles). Larvae exposed to pyrene or phenanthrene exhibited no abnormalities in morphology. However, those exposed to pyrene but not phenanthrene swam in an uncoordinated manner, although their swimming distance and speed were normal. The optic tectum, a part of the midbrain, of pyrene-exposed larvae did not grow to full size. Thus, these findings are indicated that pyrene might be a contributor to the behavioral and neuro-developmental toxicity, although there is no indication that it is the only compound participating in the toxicity of the heavy oil mixture.  相似文献   

Carbon isotope stratigraphy of Torinosu‐type limestone in the western Paleo‐Pacific and its implication to paleoceanography in the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous     

Yoshihiro Kakizaki  Akihiro Kano 《Island Arc》2014,23(1):16-32

Carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous was revealed from Torinosu‐type limestone, which was deposited in a shallow‐marine setting in the western Paleo‐Pacific, in Japan. Two sections were examined; the Nakanosawa section of the late Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian age (Fukushima Prefecture, Northeast Japan), and the Furuichi section of the late Kimmeridgian to early Berriasian age (Ehime Prefecture, Southwest Japan). The age‐model was established using Sr isotope ratio and fossil occurrence. The limestone samples have a low Mn/Sr ratio (mostly <0.5) and lack a distinct correlation between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, indicating a low degree of diagenetic alteration. Our composite δ¹³C profile from the two limestone sections shows three stratigraphic correlation points that can be correlated with the profiles of relevant ages from the Alpine Tethyan region: a large‐amplitude fluctuation (the lower upper Kimmeridgian, ～152 Ma), a positive anomaly (above the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, ～150 Ma), and a negative anomaly (the upper lower Tithonian, ～148 Ma). In addition, we found that δ¹³C values of the Torinosu‐type limestone are ～1‰ lower than the Tethyan values in the late Kimmeridgian. This inter‐regional difference in δ¹³C values is likely to have resulted from a higher productivity and/or an organic burial in the Tethyan region. The difference gradually reduces and disappears in the late Tithonian, where the Tethyan and our δ¹³C records show similar stable values of 1.5–2.0‰. This isotopic homogenization is probably due to changes in the continental distribution and the global ocean circulation, which propagated the ¹³C‐depleted signature from the larger Paleo‐Pacific to the smaller Tethys Ocean during this time.  相似文献   

Multi-scale modeling of CO₂ dispersion leaked from seafloor off the Japanese coast     

Yuki Kano  Toru Sato  Jun Kita  Shigeru Tabeta 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(2):215-224

A numerical simulation was conducted to predict the change of pCO₂ in the ocean caused by CO₂ leaked from an underground aquifer, in which CO₂ is purposefully stored. The target space of the present model was the ocean above the seafloor. The behavior of CO₂ bubbles, their dissolution, and the advection-diffusion of dissolved CO₂ were numerically simulated. Here, two cases for the leakage rate were studied: an extreme case, 94,600 t/y, which assumed that a large fault accidentally connects the CO₂ reservoir and the seafloor; and a reasonable case, 3800 t/y, based on the seepage rate of an existing EOR site. In the extreme case, the calculated increase in ΔpCO₂ experienced by floating organisms was less than 300 ppm, while that for immobile organisms directly over the fault surface periodically exceeded 1000 ppm, if momentarily. In the reasonable case, the calculated ΔpCO₂ and pH were within the range of natural fluctuation.  相似文献   

Does heavy oil pollution induce bacterial diseases in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jun-Young Song  Kei Nakayama  Yasunori Murakami  Sung-Ju Jung  Myung-Joo Oh  Satoru Matsuoka  Hidemasa Kawakami  Shin-Ichi Kitamura   《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):889

As basic research for the effect of heavy oil on the fish immune system, in this study, the number of leukocyte was counted in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, after exposure to heavy oil at a concentration of 30 g/8 L for 3 days. To compare the numbers of bacteria in the skin mucus between oil-exposed and control fish, viable bacteria were enumerated by counting colony forming unit (CFU). Compared with 5.79 ± 1.88 × 10⁷ leukocytes/mL in the controls, the exposed fish demonstrated higher counts, averaging 1.45 ± 0.45 × 10⁸ cells/mL. The bacterial numbers of control fish were 4.27 ± 3.68 × 10⁴ CFU/g, whereas they were 4.58 ± 1.63 × 10⁵ CFU/g in the exposed fish. The results suggest that immune suppression of the fish occurred due to heavy oil stressor, and bacteria could invade in the mucus, resulting in the increasing leukocyte number to prevent infectious disease.  相似文献   

Toxicogenomic analysis of immune system-related genes in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to heavy oil   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Kei Nakayama  Shin-Ichi Kitamura  Yasunori Murakami  Jun-Young Song  Sung-Ju Jung  Myung-Joo Oh  Hisato Iwata  Shinsuke Tanabe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):445

Heavy oil contamination is one of the most important environmental issues. Toxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including immune toxicities, are well characterized, however, the immune toxic effects of heavy oil, as a complex mixture of PAHs, have not been investigated. In the present study, we selected Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as a model organism, and observed alteration of immune function by the exposure to heavy oil. To analyze the expression profiles of immune system-related genes, we selected 309 cDNAs from our flounder EST library, and spotted them on a glass slide. Using this cDNA array, alteration of gene expression profiles was analyzed in the kidneys of flounders exposed to heavy oil. Six Japanese flounders (mean body weight: 197 g) were acclimated to laboratory conditions at 19–20 °C. Three fish were exposed to heavy oil C (bunker C) at a concentration of 3.8 g/L for 3 days, and the others were kept in seawater without heavy oil and used as the control. After the exposure period, the fish were transferred into control seawater and maintained for 4 days, and then they were dissected and their kidneys were removed. Total RNA was extracted from the kidney samples to use in gene expression analyses. The microarray detected alteration of immune system-related genes in the kidneys of heavy oil-exposed flounders, including down-regulation of immunoglobulin light chain, CD45, major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and macrophage colony-stimulating factor precursor, and up-regulation of interleukin-8 and lysozyme. These results suggest that pathogen resistance may be weakened in heavy oil-exposed fish, causing a subsequent bacterial infection, and then proinflammatory genes may be induced as a defensive response against the infection. Additionally, we found candidate genes for use as biomarkers of heavy oil exposure, such as N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 and heat shock cognate 71 kDa proteins.  相似文献   

Chemostratigraphy of the Ediacaran basinal setting on the Yangtze platform,South China: Oceanographic and diagenetic aspects of the carbon isotopic depth gradient          下载免费PDF全文

Seishiro Furuyama  Akihiro Kano  Yoko Kunimitsu  Tsuyoshi Ishikawa  Wei Wang  Xin‐chun Liu 《Island Arc》2017,26(5)

The Ediacaran Yangtze platform in South China, which represents depositional settings ranging from coastal to basinal, provides valuable information for understanding climate changes and animal evolution during the Ediacaran Period. Although the shallower settings have been investigated, research on the basinal sections has been limited. This has hampered efforts to establish stratigraphic correlations and understand the oceanographic setting of the Yangtze platform. In this paper, the chemostratigraphy of a basinal section at Fengtan, Hunan Province, is reported based on analyses of stable carbon isotope profiles in carbonates (δ¹³C_carb), organic matter (δ¹³C_org), total organic carbon, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, and Mn, Rb, and Sr concentrations. The basinal section of the Doushantuo Formation, which is represented at Fengtan, provides data supporting regional correlations and oceanography. Three intervals in the Doushantuo Formation are correlated with the Three Gorges: (i) a negative δ¹³C_carb anomaly with stable δ¹³C_org values and altered ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in the lower section can be correlated to the boundary between Doushantuo Members 2 and 3 (Interval A); (ii) a relatively high δ¹³C_carb anomaly with unaltered ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (up to 0.7086) in the middle section corresponding to the lower part of Doushantuo Member 3 (Interval B); and (iii) a negative δ¹³C_carb anomaly with lowered δ values in the upper section can be correlated to the long interval of negative δ¹³C_carb (Interval C). The Gaskiers glaciation is likely represented in Interval A, and Interval C corresponds to the Shuram excursion reported for other Ediacaran localities. Our correlations confirm the depth gradient of δ¹³C_carb in the Yangtze platform and imply that reductive conditions prevailed in the basinal section from the Early to Middle Ediacaran. Under such conditions, anaerobic degradation of organic carbon or methane perturbed the inorganic carbon isotopic compositions and was at least partly responsible for the depth gradient of δ¹³C_carb.  相似文献   

Development of a Precise Polarization Modulator for UV Spectropolarimetry     

S. Ishikawa  T. Shimizu  R. Kano  T. Bando  R. Ishikawa  G. Giono  S. Tsuneta  S. Nakayama  T. Tajima 《Solar physics》2015,290(10):3081-3088

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