山地旅游小镇功能转型与重构的时空特征研究——-以黄山风景区汤口镇为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨周  杨兴柱  朱跃  郑义刚 《山地学报》2020,38(1):118-131

山地旅游小镇是新时代乡村发展的重要类型,功能转型与空间重构是山地旅游小镇转型发展的核心内容之一。本研究采取参与式农村评估方法、GIS空间分析和高清遥感影像相结合的方法,以汤口镇为例,从微观尺度研究山区旅游乡村功能转型与空间重构的过程与格局。研究显示:(1)汤口镇生活功能由传统型向现代型转变,生产功能由农业主导型过渡到农旅融合型再向旅游主导型转变,生态功能由单一型向多元复合型转变。(2)旅游经济发达镇区相较于边缘乡村社区,旅居综合混质度较低。其中,旅游与居住时间分配相对均衡,宅屋空间倾斜于旅游,社群上融合度高,各区域间各混质维度存在差异。(3)汤口镇经历了旅游空间引入、生成、快速重构和导控更新4个重构阶段。该研究可为汤口镇村镇建设和旅游发展提供参考,也为下一步研究其转型发展的模式与机制奠定基础。  相似文献   

球面小波模型在GPS高程拟合中的应用     

周贻港  孙罗庆  李中洲 《测绘通报》2020,(12):97-100

本文利用某地共99个GPS水准点的大地高和正常高求取高程异常,使用DOG球面小波模型和多面函数,分别对高程异常进行拟合。拟合时剔除模型残差大于2倍中误差的点,并在剔除粗差后重新进行拟合。通过比较外部检核点的已知高程异常值和球面小波模型值、多面函数拟合值之间的均方差评价模型的精度。数据结果表明,以外部检核均方差最小为准则,球面小波模型拟合精度较优,其拟合精度为1.65 cm,多面函数拟合精度为2.35 cm。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal Variation of Soil Respiration and Its Driving Factors in Semi-arid Regions of North China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xinhua Zeng  Yigang Song  Wanjun Zhang  Shengbing He 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(1):12-24

Soil respiration (SR) is the second-largest flux in ecosystem carbon cycling. Due to the large spatio-temporal variability of environmental factors, SR varied among different vegetation types, thereby impeding accurate estimation of CO₂ emissions via SR. However, studies on spatio-temporal variation of SR are still scarce for semi-arid regions of North China. In this study, we conducted 12-month SR measurements in six land-use types, including two secondary forests (Populus tomentosa (PT) and Robinia pseudoacacia (RP)), three artificial plantations (Armeniaca sibirica (AS), Punica granatum (PG) and Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ)) and one natural grassland (GR), to quantify spatio-temporal variation of SR and distinguish its controlling factors. Results indicated that SR exhibited distinct seasonal patterns for the six sites. Soil respiration peaked in August 2012 and bottomed in April 2013. The temporal coefficient of variation (CV) of SR for the six sites ranged from 76.98% to 94.08%, while the spatial CV of SR ranged from 20.28% to 72.97% across the 12-month measurement. Soil temperature and soil moisture were the major controlling factors of temporal variation of SR in the six sites, while spatial variation in SR was mainly caused by the differences in soil total nitrogen (STN), soil organic carbon (SOC), net photosynthesis rate, and fine root biomass. Our results show that the annual average SR and Q₁₀ (temperature sensitivity of soil respiration) values tended to decrease from secondary forests and grassland to plantations, indicating that the conversion of natural ecosystems to man-made ecosystems may reduce CO₂ emissions and SR temperature sensitivity. Due to the high spatio-temporal variation of SR in our study area, care should be taken when converting secondary forests and grassland to plantations from the point view of accurately quantifying CO₂ emissions via SR at regional scales.  相似文献   

改性粉煤灰性质及其封堵油层大孔道效果     

刘义刚 《海洋地质译丛》2010,(3):47-52

粉煤灰是燃煤火力发电厂的废弃物,由大小不等、结构疏松的非晶质玻璃相球形颗粒组成,其主要化学成分是铝硅酸盐,具有来源广和成本低等特点。在水热条件下,Holler和Wirsching首先利用粉煤灰与碱（NaOH或KOH）作用合成了沸石。针对油田封堵油层孔隙即改善注水井吸水效果的实际需求,在总结和吸取粉煤灰和沸石颗粒封堵油层孔隙矿场施工成功经验和不足基础上,探索了水热条件下粉煤灰部分转化为沸石的配方组成和工艺条件,研究了改性粉煤灰组成和外观结构特征,评价了改性粉煤灰的封堵效果,分析了改性粉煤灰封堵作用机理。研究结果对改善油层孔隙封堵效果、提高油田注水效率具有重要应用价值。  相似文献   

怀安蔓菁沟早前寒武纪高压麻粒岩混杂岩带地质特征、岩石学和同位素年代学   总被引：11，自引：19，他引：11  

郭敬辉  翟明国  张毅刚  李永刚  阎月华  张雯华 《岩石学报》1993,(4)

华北克拉通北缘中段怀安蔓菁沟高压麻粒岩混杂岩带产在太古宙怀安杂岩南缘与花岗岩带交界处,由高压基性麻粒岩、辉长质麻粒岩、英云闪长质麻粒岩和少量夕线石榴片麻岩相间排列的席状岩层构成,岩层间被高应变带或剪切带分隔。高压基性麻粒岩是石榴辉石麻粒岩。据石榴石斑晶内包裹的早期矿物(Cpx+Q)估算的早期高压变质作用条件:T=800℃,P>1.4GPa。环绕斑晶的后成合晶反应边矿物组合(P1+Opx+Hb+Cpx)的变质条件为:T=820℃,P为0.7～0.9GPa。全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄2.65Ga,矿物Sm-Nd等时线年龄1.82Ga,锆石U-Pb一致线年龄1.83Ga。高压基性麻粒岩的原岩代表晚太古代陆壳的最下部,大约在2.7Ga从上地幔分异出来,可能经壳下垫托作用加在早期陆壳底部,随后经历高压变质作用。早元古代晚期,由于地壳规模的大型逆冲作用,使其上升,并经受褶皱形变、剪切推覆和退变质等作用的改造,形成高压麻粒岩混杂岩带。  相似文献   

中国东部新生代玄武岩及其地幔包体的氧逸度   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张毅刚  鄂莫岚 《岩石学报》1994,10(2)

地幔环境的氧逸度与温度和压力一样，是控制许多地幔过程的一个重要参数。本文计算了中国东部几个具有代表性地区的玄武岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的氧逸度，尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的氧逸度变化不大，均位于１ｏｇ（ｆｏ２）＝ｌｏｇ（ｆｏ２ＦＭＱ）＋０．０左右，而各地区玄武岩的氧逸度却变化很大，其平均值从尚志地区的ｌｏｇ（ｆｏ２ＦＭＱ＋０．６到长白山地区的ｌｏｇ（ｆｏ２ＦＭＱ）＋３．３左右（其中东北地区钾质玄武岩的氧逸度比除尚志以外其它地区的低），并且总体具有比地幔橄榄岩高得多的氧逸度。推测钾质玄武岩和尚志地区破性玄武岩的氧逸度比中国东部其它地区玄武岩的氧逸度低的可能原因是，前二个地区的玄武岩来源于更深部的（金云母）石榴石二辉橄榄岩，而其它地区的玄武岩来源于略浅部的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩。  相似文献   

高温高压下水的剪切粘滞度的平衡分子动力学计算   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

郭永贵  张毅刚 《岩石学报》1998,14(1):1-10

本项工作用ＴＩＰ４Ｐ模型对水分子进行了平衡分子动力学模拟。根据Ｇｒｅｅｎ－Ｋｕｂｏ理论,计算了温度从６５２Ｋ到８１４Ｋ,密度从０．５３６０ｇ／ｃｍ３到０．８６３８ｇ／ｃｍ３六个不同温度和密度水的剪切粘滞度,并和实验值进行了对比。在所计算的温度和密度范围,平衡分子动力学计算结果与实验值的平均绝对值差别为１５％,好于使用非平衡分子动力学方法获得的粘滞度值。平衡分子动力学的方法将是获得地学中高温高压下流体输运性质的重要途径。  相似文献   

流体包裹体在建立四川盆地古地温剖面研究中的应用   总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34       下载免费PDF全文

王一刚  余晓锋 《地球科学》1998,23(3):285-288

根据四川盆地沉积－埋藏史、主要地热事件、井下Ｒ０部面及钻井测温资料的综合分析,应用流体包裹体均一温度资料推算了四川盆地中部各地质时期地层的古地温,并建立了古地温梯度表,用此表可计算四川盆地各地期地层古地温。根据包裹体均一温度确定的古地温表明：四川盆地地层地温梯度由古至今逐渐降低,现今地温状况对古地温状况有明显的继承性。东吴运动（地裂运动）峨嵋山玄武岩大规模喷溢时期是盆地地温梯度最高时期,推算其地温  相似文献   

上地幔熔体-岩石相互作用与大陆地幔演化   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

徐义刚 《地学前缘》1998,(Z1)

根据实验岩石学、幔源岩石的岩石地球化学资料以及微量元素地球化学理论模拟等,评述了上地幔熔体岩石相互作用研究领域的最新进展,指出熔体岩石相互作用不仅深刻地制约了岩石圈地幔的矿物学、地球化学和物理性质的变化以及地幔不均一性的形成及演化,而且也会最终控制各种构造环境下喷出岩浆的地球化学特征,以及深部岩浆的分离机制。  相似文献   

Variations of Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic systematics in basalt during intensive weathering     

Jinlong Ma  Gangjian Wei  Yigang Xu  Wenguo Long 《Chemical Geology》2010,269(3-4):376-385

The Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions of both saprolites and parent rocks of a profile of intensively weathered Neogene basalt in Hainan, South China are reported in this paper to investigate changes of isotopic systematics with high masses. The results indicate that all these isotopic systematics show significant changes in saprolites compared to those in corresponding parent rocks. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr system was more seriously affected by weathering processes than other isotope systems, with ε_Sr drifts 30 to 70 away from those of the parent rocks. In the upper profile (> 2.2 m), the Sr isotopes of the saprolites show an upward increasing trend with ε_Sr changing from ~ 50 at 2.2 m to ~ 70 at 0.5 m, accompanying a upward increasing of Sr concentrations, from ~ 10 μg/g to ~ 25 μg/g. As nearly all the Sr of the parent rock has been removed during intensive weathering in this profile, the upward increasing of Sr concentrations in the upper profile suggests import of extraneous Sr. Rainwater in this region, which enriches in Sr (up to 139 μg/L) from seawater, may be the important extraneous source. Thus, the Sr isotopes of the saprolites in the upper profile may be mainly influenced by import of extraneous materials, and the Sr isotopic characteristics may not be retained. In contrast, the ε_Nd and ε_Hf of the saprolites drift only 0–2.6 and 0–3.7 away from the parent rocks, respectively. The negative drifts of the ε_Nd and ε_Hf are coupled with Nd and Hf losses in the saprolites; i.e., larger proportions of Nd and Hf loss correspond to lower ε_Nd and ε_Hf. Compared with the relative high Nd and Hf concentrations of the saprolites, the contributions of extraneous Nd and Hf both from wet and dry deposits of aeolian input are negligible. Thus, the ε_Nd and ε_Hf changes in the profile are mainly resulted from consecutive removal of the Nd and Hf. Calculation indicates that the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios in saprolites are all significantly lower than their initial values in the parent rock. Simply removing part of the Nd and Hf by incongruent decomposing some of the minerals may not account for this. Fractionation should be happen, which ¹⁴³Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf may be preferentially removed from the profile relative to ¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁷Hf during intensive chemical weathering, resulting in lower ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios in saprolites relative to the parent rock, even though details for this process is not known. A positive correlation is observed between the ε_Nd and ε_Hf of the saprolites. Interestingly, the saprolites with a net loss of Nd and Hf in the upper profile show good positive correlation, and the regression line parallels the terrestrial array. By contrast, saprolites with a net gain of Nd and Hf in the lower profile generally show higher ε_Hf values at a given ε_Nd value, and the regression line between these ε_Nd and ε_Hf appears to parallel the seawater array. This supports the hypothesis that the contribution of continental Hf from chemical weathering release is the key to the obliquity of the seawater array away from the terrestrial array of the global ε_Nd and ε_Hf correlation. Our results also indicate that caution is needed when using ε_Sr, ε_Nd, and ε_Hf to trace provenances for sediments and soils.  相似文献