北太平洋冬季阻塞性高压对船舶西行航线的影响*          下载免费PDF全文

尹尽勇杜秉玉  李泽椿齐桂英 《应用气象学报》2002,13(6):704-710

通过对近10年北太平洋冬季阻塞性高压的建立、维持及崩溃的天气形势分析，结合船舶气象导航的原理、气象航线的设计以及影响航线选择的因素，指出了有利于北太平洋冬季西行高纬度航线的阻塞高压形式，为船舶西行选择高纬度航线提供了气象理论依据。  相似文献   

Load-Unload Response Ratio and Accelerating Moment/Energy Release Critical Region Scaling and Earthquake Prediction   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

X. C. Yin  P. Mora  K. Peng  Y. C. Wang  D. Weatherley 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2002,159(10):2511-2523

-- The main idea of the Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR) is that when a system is stable, its response to loading corresponds to its response to unloading, whereas when the system is approaching an unstable state, the response to loading and unloading becomes quite different. High LURR values and observations of Accelerating Moment/Energy Release (AMR/AER) prior to large earthquakes have led different research groups to suggest intermediate-term earthquake prediction is possible and imply that the LURR and AMR/AER observations may have a similar physical origin. To study this possibility, we conducted a retrospective examination of several Australian and Chinese earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 7.9, including Australia's deadly Newcastle earthquake and the devastating Tangshan earthquake. Both LURR values and best-fit power-law time-to-failure functions were computed using data within a range of distances from the epicenter. Like the best-fit power-law fits in AMR/AER, the LURR value was optimal using data within a certain epicentral distance implying a critical region for LURR. Furthermore, LURR critical region size scales with mainshock magnitude and is similar to the AMR/AER critical region size. These results suggest a common physical origin for both the AMR/AER and LURR observations. Further research may provide clues that yield an understanding of this mechanism and help lead to a solid foundation for intermediate-term earthquake prediction.  相似文献   

克孜尔水库大坝的地震安全性评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹力峰  唐丽华  吴晓莉  赵纯青  王海涛  王坚  胡军  柏美祥  安景生  袁峡 《华南地震》2002,22(1):28-40

通过对克孜尔水库地震活动和地震地质构造背景，地震危险性，地震动力反应等的分析，评估土坝的抗震性能与安全性，并对大坝及库区周围的地质灾害进行了预测。  相似文献   

Study on Paleoenvironment since Late GlacialEpoch in Lanzhou Area, China     

Yang Guifang Yin Hongfu Li ChanganFaculty of Earth Sciences  China University of Geosciences  Wuhan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2002,(1)

The Hongzuisi Section in Lanzhou area is used to infer the paleoclimate since the late glacial epoch. Through combined analysis of organic carbon isotope and CaCO3 content, paleoenvironment evolution of Hongzuisi Section since the late glacial epoch is discussed. There were changes in both dry-moist and warm-cold. Especially the climate changes can be compared with synchronous sections of other areas, which provides useful information for our future forecast.  相似文献   

Preface     

Yin Hongfu  Tong Jinnan  Monica J.Campi 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2002,13(2)

ＴｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｙｍｐｏｓｉｕｍｏｎｔｈｅＧＳＳＰｏｆｔｈｅＰｅｒｍｉａｎ ＴｒｉａｓｓｉｃＢｏｕｎｄａｒｙａｎｄｔｈｅＰａｌｅｏｚｏｉｃ ＭｅｓｏｚｏｉｃＥｖｅｎｔｓｗａｓｈｅｌｄｉｎＣｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇＣｏｕｎｔｙ ,ＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,ＣｈｉｎａｏｎＡｕｇｕｓｔ 1 0 - 1 3,2 0 0 1 .Ｔｈｅｓｙｍｐｏｓｉｕｍｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄａｎｄ ｐｒｉｎｔｅｄ 47ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔｓ.Ａｂｏｕｔ 60ｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓｆｒｏｍ 1 3ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄｔｈｅｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉ…  相似文献   

干旱对河西走廊植被净初级生产力的影响     

李传华  殷欢欢  朱同斌  周敏  王玉涛  孙皓  曹红娟  韩海燕 《中国沙漠》2021,41(1):145-155

干旱对生态系统碳循环具有重要影响,随着气候变暖,全球干旱事件频率不断上升,研究干旱对植被净初级生产力的影响具有重要意义。提高植被净初级生产力（NPP）的时间分辨率是认识干旱对其影响机制的重要途径。基于5天NDVI遥感数据,以河西走廊为研究区,利用CASA模型估算2010—2015年5天步长尺度的NPP,将5天降水为零定义为干旱基本单元,利用标准分数来探究干旱对植被NPP的影响。结果表明：基于高时间分辨率遥感数据能有效探测干旱对NPP的影响机制,研究期间河西走廊年干旱频次6—44次,干旱对该地NPP有负效应,对5天均值的影响为-0.23 g·m^-2,影响幅度为-1.93%,整体影响较小。干旱对林地NPP影响最大,下降3.70%,草地次之,荒漠最小。随着干旱持续时间的增加,NPP变化趋势呈现为先降低,然后降低趋势增加,最后趋于稳定的过程。干旱对夏季的NPP影响最大,冬季最小,秋季干旱对林地影响最大。  相似文献   

Progress and prospects of applied research on physical geography and the living environment in China over the past 70 years (1949–2019)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Chen  Fahu  Wu  Shaohong  Cui  Peng  Cai  Yunlong  Zhang  Yili  Yin  Yunhe  Liu  Guobin  Ouyang  Zhu  Ma  Wei  Yang  Linsheng  Wu  Duo  Lei  Jiaqiang  Zhang  Guoyou  Zou  Xueyong  Chen  Xiaoqing  Tan  Minghong  Wang  Xunming  Bao  Anming  Cheng  Weixin  Dang  Xiaohu  Wei  Binggan  Wang  Guoliang  Wang  Wuyi  Zhang  Xingquan  Liu  Xiaochen  Li  Shengyu 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(1):3-45

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences.Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development,and China's natural environment is complex and diverse.According to national needs and regional development,physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research,which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development,the protection of macro ecosystems and resources,and sustainable regional development.This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields:regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization;land use and land cover changes;natural hazards and risk reduction;process and prevention of desertification;upgrading of medium-and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region;engineering construction in permafrost areas; geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases;positioning and observation of hysical geographical elements;and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.  相似文献   

Driving factors and spatiotemporal effects of environmental stress in urban agglomeration: Evidence from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhou  Kan  Yin  Yue  Li  Hui  Shen  Yuming 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(1):91-110

Environmental stress is used as an indicator of the overall pressure on regional environmental systems caused by the output of various pollutants as a result of human activities. Based on the pollutant emissions and socioeconomic databases of the counties in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, this paper comprehensively calculates the environmental stress index(ESI) for the urban agglomeration using the entropy weight method(EWM) at the county scale and analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns and the differences among the four types of major functional zones(MFZ) for the period 2012–2016. In addition, the socioeconomic driving forces of environmental stress are quantitatively estimated using the geographically weighted regression(GWR) method based on the STIRPAT model framework. The results show that:(1) The level of environmental stress in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region was significantly alleviated during that time period, with a decrease in ESI of 54.68% by 2016. This decrease was most significant in Beijing, Tangshan, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and other central urban areas, as well as the Binhai New Area. The level of environmental stress in counties decreased gradually from the central urban areas to the suburban areas, and the high-level stress counties were eliminated by 2016.(2) The spatial spillover effect of environmental stress increased further at the county scale from 2012 to 2016, and spatial locking and path dependence emerged in the cities of Tangshan and Tianjin.(3) Urbanized zones(development-optimized and development-prioritized zones) were the major areas bearing environmental pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in that time period. The ESI accounted for 65.98% of the whole region, where there was a need to focus on the prevention and control of environmental pollution.(4) The driving factors of environmental stress at the county scale included population size and the level of economic development. In addition, the technical capacity of environmental waste disposal, the intensity of agricultural production input, the intensity of territorial development, and the level of urbanization also had a certain degree of influence.(5) There was spatial heterogeneity in the effects of the various driving factors on the level of environmental stress. Thus, it was necessary to adopt differentiated environmental governance and reduction countermeasures in respect of emission sources, according to the intensity and spatiotemporal differences in the driving forces in order to improve the accuracy and adaptability of environmental collaborative control in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.  相似文献   

华北克拉通东部早白垩世伸展盆地的发育过程及其对克拉通破坏的指示   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

朱光  胡召齐  陈印  牛漫兰  谢成龙 《地质通报》2008,27(10)

在晚侏罗世华北克拉通东部破坏之初出现了区域性隆起,全区缺失上侏罗统沉积.在早白垩世早期.出现了区域性的伸展活动,断陷盆地形成,克拉通南、北缘伸展活动最强,北部燕山构造带以出现变质核杂岩为特征,南部出现宽裂谷型盆地.早白垩世中期华北克拉通东部普遍出现了火山活动与岩浆侵入.早白垩世晚期克拉通上以出现窄裂谷型盆地为特征.沿北北东走向的郯庐断裂带断陷活动最强.这些断陷盆地的演化过程揭示,经历地表抬升后,克拉通破坏之初的岩石圈热而弱,从而形成变质核杂岩或宽裂谷型盆地.这期间的破坏强度在空间上具有不均匀分布的特征.受控于早期岩石圈地幔的结构.经过早白垩世中期的大量岩浆活动之后,早白垩世晚期克拉通岩石圈温度降低、强度变大.从而利用早期大型断裂构造形成窄裂谷型盆地.这些现象支持华北克拉通东部晚中生代的岩石圈减薄是以逐渐拆沉机制为主.  相似文献   

粉尘颗粒的形成机制与影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

宁波  秦小光  穆燕  殷志强 《第四纪研究》2008,28(5):939-948

通过测定沉积物粒度来获取环境信息已经成为环境变化研究的常规手段之一,多组分分离的方法也逐渐被广泛采用,但对于粒度分布中不同组分的成因存在着不同的看法。Alfaro的碰撞理论认为当母质所遭受的碰撞能量大于母质中集合体的内聚力时,能够产生与之对应的特征组分,即特定的风速能量决定了特定组分的形成。为了对Alfaro碰撞理论进行论证检验,研究选择屏蔽了搬运分选过程、纯经机械碰撞形成的岩石碎屑和粮食表面附着物,进行粒度分析。分析发现:1)不论无机质组成的岩石还是有机质组成的粮食,其颗粒粒径主要受控于母质成分,且粒度分布均具有与种类密切相关的特征。2)虽然少部分物质的粒度分布也存在Alfaro风洞实验中出现的中值粒径较稳定的组分,但其碰撞理论很难解释大量的不相符现象和各种物质种内差异小于种间差异等现象。证明了粉尘颗粒的粒径与其物质成分特点存在密切联系,而与外界碰撞过程没有直接对应关系,能量碰撞作用并不能直接导致粉尘颗粒优势组分的形成。因此,本研究认为形成粉尘不同粒度组分的影响因素是多方面的,其中风力(能量)只是其中之一,起尘区和降尘区的大气动力条件、粉尘在搬运过程中的分选作用以及粉尘的形成母质性质和环境都是影响粉尘粒径多组分特征的重要因素。  相似文献