Dynamics of estuarine residual circulation in a narrow channel including tidal-nonlinear effects     

Yoshiaki Shiraki  Tetsuo Yanagi 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(3):413-425

Numerical modeling of a semienclosed narrow channel demonstrates the dynamical dependency of an estuarine residual circulation (ERC) on tidal amplitudes. The ERC is defined by tidally-averaged current field. The tidally-averaged fields show that the ERC-strength variation is classified into highly stratified, partially stratified and weakly stratified ranges, respectively. The ERC becomes weaker as the tidal amplitude (and hence vertical mixing) increases in the highly and weakly stratified ranges. However, the ERC becomes stronger oppositely in the partially stratified range. The nonlinear forces induced by tides significantly affect the ERC as well as the pressure gradient force due to the freshwater flux and the vertical stress divergence (vertical eddy viscous force). In particular, the tidal stress and tidally-oscillating component of vertical stress divergence are quite important in ERC dynamics. The latter causes the enhancement of ERC in proportion to the vertical mixing in the partially stratified range.  相似文献   

Field data support of three-seconds power law andgu *σ−4-spectral form for growing wind waves     

Sanshiro Kawai  Kozo Okada  Yoshiaki Toba 《Journal of Oceanography》1977,33(3):137-150

Observational data on air-sea boundary processes at the Shirahama Oceanographic Tower Station, Kyoto University, obtained in November, 1969, was analyzed and presented as an example representing the structure of growing wind-wave field. The condition was an ideal onshore wind, and the data contained continuous records of the wind speed at four heights, the wind direction, the air and water temperatures, the tides, and the growing wind waves, for more than six hours. The main results are as follows. Firstly, in both of the wind speed and the sea surface wind stress, rather conspicuous variations of about six-minute period were appreciable. Secondly, the three-seconds power law and its lemma expressed byH ^*=BT ^*3/2 and=2BT ^*–1/2, respectively, are very well supported by the data, whereH ^*(gH/u _* ²) andT ^*(gT/u _*) are the dimensionless significant wave height and period, respectively, the wave steepness,u _* the friction velocity of air,g the acceleration of gravity, andB=0.062 is a universal constant. Thirdly, the spectral form for the high-frequency side of the spectral maximum is well expressed by the form of()= _sgu_*^–4, where is the angular frequency and() the spectral density. The value of _s is determined as 0.062±0.010 from the observational data. There is a conspicuous discrepancy between the spectral shape of wind waves obtained in wind-wave tunnels and those in the sea, the former containing well-defined higher harmonics of the spectral peak, and consequently there is an apparent difference in the values of _s also. However, it is shown that the discrepancy of _s may be eliminated by evaluating properly the energy level of the spectral form containing higher harmonics.  相似文献   

促根剂及水分胁迫对Cd污染异质土壤中小麦吸收、转运Cd的影响     

雷小琴  王萌  郑涵  李杉杉  陈世宝 《地学前缘》2019,26(6):95-102

为了研究促根剂与水分胁迫诱导小麦根伸长及其降低小麦对异质土壤中Cd吸收转运的影响,本研究制备了不同浓度Cd污染土壤,利用根箱法设置了3种不同土层(0~6 cm、7~12 cm及13~18 cm)下的Cd污染异质土壤,研究了3种添加比例(0.1%、0.2%和0.4%)下促根剂与3种水分胁迫诱导(60%、50%和40% MWHC)下小麦根伸长对降低小麦Cd吸收、转运的影响。结果表明：不同促根剂与水分胁迫诱导处理可以明显促进小麦根系生长,表现为小麦根系总长与根表面积的显著增加,其中促根剂促使下层(13~18 cm)土壤中小麦根系总长增加了63.2%~205.9%,水分胁迫诱导增加了69.1%~91.2%。不同促根剂处理可以不同程度增加小麦分蘖数,从而增加了小麦籽粒生物量(小麦籽粒生物量增加5.6%~50.3%);与对照相比,除了40% MWHC水分处理(WS3)外,不同促根剂与水分胁迫处理可以显著降低(P<0.05)Cd污染异质土壤中小麦茎叶与籽粒中Cd的浓度,降低范围分别为24.0%~41.5%和23.0%~42.7%,其中以添加0.4%促根剂处理效果最佳,不同处理对降低小麦籽粒Cd含量效果顺序为RA3≈RA2>WS2≈RA1≈WS1>WS3。基于上述结果,RA2和WS2在Cd异质污染农田修复中具有较大的应用价值。  相似文献   

New polar ring galaxies in rich clusters of galaxies     

Taniguchi  Yoshiaki  Shibata  Katsunori  Wakamatsu  Ken-Ichi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,118(1-2):529-530

Four polar ring galaxies discovered in rich clusters of galaxies are presented. Brief comments on their structural properties are given.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.  相似文献   

Characterization of the Mefjell plutonic complex from the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica: Implications for the petrogenesis of Pan-African plutonic rocks of East Gondwanaland     

Zilong  Li  Yoshiaki  Tainosho  Jun-Ichi  Kimura  Kazuyuki  Shiraishi 《Island Arc》2005,14(4):636-652

Abstract The Mefjell plutonic complex consists of 500–550‐Ma Pan‐African plutonic rocks, which intrude into the Precambrian crystalline basement in the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica, and forms part of the Sør Rondane Suture Zone. The complex comprises syenitic and granitic (mostly monzogranitic) rocks, and is characterized by the presence of iron‐rich hydrous mafic minerals and primary ilmenite, both of which imply its formation at high temperature and under low oxygen fugacity conditions. The syenitic rocks are metaluminous, and are high in alkalis, K₂O/Na₂O, Al₂O₃, FeO_t/(FeO_t + MgO) (0.88–0.98), K/Rb (800–1000), Ga (18–28 p.p.m.), Zr (up to 2100 p.p.m.) and Ba. They also have a low Mg? (Mg/[Mg + Fe²⁺]), Rb, Sr, Nb, Y and F, low to moderate light rare earth element (LREE)/heavy rare earth element (HREE) ratios and positive Eu anomalies in their rare earth element (REE) patterns. The granitic rocks are metaluminous to peraluminous, and have a high Rb content, high Sr/Ba and LREE/HREE ratios, low K/Rb and negative Eu anomalies. Most of the syenitic and granitic rocks have Y/Nb ratios greater than 1.2, and are depleted in Nb, Ti and Sr on the primitive mantle‐normalized spider diagrams, indicating a crustal origin with subduction zone signatures. We interpret both the syenitic and granitic rocks to be derived from an iron‐rich lower crustal source by dehydration melting induced by the heat of mantle‐derived basaltic intrusion, after which they then underwent limited fractional crystallization. The Mefjell plutonic complex has a high Zr content and tectonic discrimination diagram signatures indicative of normal A‐type granitic rocks. Both rock suites may have been generated under the same postorogenic tectonic setting. The Mefjell syenitic rocks are chemically comparable to charnockites in the Gjelsvikjella and western Mühlig‐Hofmannfjella areas of East Antarctica, whereas the granitic rocks are comparable to aluminous A‐type granitic rocks in South India, which were emplaced during formation and evolution of the Gondwanaland supercontinent.  相似文献