Caledonide development offshore–onshore Svalbard based on ocean bottom seismometer, conventional seismic, and potential field data     

Asbjrn Johan Breivik  Rolf Mjelde  Paul Grogan  Hideki Shimamura  Yoshio Murai  Yuichi Nishimura 《Tectonophysics》2005,401(1-2):79-117

The western Barents Sea and the Svalbard archipelago share a common history of Caledonian basement formation and subsequent sedimentary deposition. Rock formations from the period are accessible to field study on Svalbard, but studies of the near offshore areas rely on seismic data and shallowdrilling. Offshore mapping is reliable down to the Permian sequence, but multichannel reflection seismic data do not give a coherent picture of older stratigraphy. A survey of 10 Ocean Bottom Seismometer profiles was collected around Svalbard in 1998. Results show a highly variable thickness of pre-Permian sedimentary strata, and a heterogeneous crystalline crust tied to candidates for continental sutures or major thrust zones. The data shown in this paper establish that the observed gravity in some parts of the platform can be directly related to velocity variations in the crystalline crust, but not necessarily to basement or Moho depth. The results from three new models are incorporated with a previously published profile, to produce depth-to-basement and -Moho maps south of Svalbard. There is a 14 km deep basement located approximately below the gently structured Upper Paleozoic Sørkapp Basin, bordered by a 7 km deep basement high to the west, and 7–9 km depths to the north. Continental Moho-depth range from 28 to 35 km, the thickest crust is found near the island of Hopen, and in a NNW trending narrow crustal root located between 19°E and 20°E, the latter is interpreted as a relic of westward dipping Caledonian continental collision or major thrusting. There is also a basement high on this trend. Across this zone, there is an eastward increase in the V_P, V_P/V_S ratio, and density, indicating a change towards a more mafic average crustal composition. The northward basement/Moho trend projects onto the Billefjorden Fault Zone (BFZ) on Spitsbergen. The eastern side of the BFZ correlates closely with coincident linear positive gravity and magnetic anomalies on western Ny Friesland, apparently originating from an antiform with high-grade metamorphic Caledonian terrane. A double linear magnetic anomaly appears on the BFZ trend south of Spitsbergen, sub-parallel to and located 10–50 km west of the crustal root. Based on this correlation, it is proposed that the suture or major thrust zone seen south of Svalbard correlates to the BFZ. The preservation of the relationship between the crustal suture, the crustal root, and upper mantle reflectivity, challenges the large-offset, post-collision sinistral transcurrent movement on the BFZ and other trends proposed in the literature. In particular, neither the wide-angle seismic data, nor conventional deep seismic reflection data south of Svalbard show clear signs of major lateral offsets, as seen in similar data around the British Isles.  相似文献   

汉诺坝玄武岩中地幔岩捕掳体REE和Sr,Nd同位素地球化学   总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20  

刘丛强  解广轰 《岩石学报》1996,12(3):382-389

本文报道汉诺坝玄武岩中地幔岩捕掳体的ＲＥＥ丰度和Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素组成。不同岩石类型的ＲＥＥ配分模式和同位素组成反映地幔部分熔融程度和交代作用过程。二辉橄榄岩亏损轻稀土，是原始地幔经不同程度部分熔融的残留体。方辉橄榄岩具Ｕ型ＲＥＥ配分模式，是强烈亏损的地幔岩被熔体非化学平衡交代的结果。二辉岩脉状体富轻、中稀土，它同与脉状体接触的二辉橄榄岩可达化学平衡或近于化学平衡，而二辉岩脉状体的形成与玄武岩岩浆无成因关系。据对二辉岩脉状体和不含脉状体橄榄岩的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素定年，这种脉状体形成于３００Ｍａ左右。  相似文献   

Single-force representation of earthquakes due to landslides or the collapse of caverns   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yoshio Fukao 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,122(1):243-248

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Multiple scattering of SH waves in 2-D elastic media with distributed cracks     

Yoshio Murai  Jun Kawahara  Teruo Yamashita 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,122(3):925-937

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Excess bottom²²²Rn profiles and their implications in the northwestern Pacific Ocean     

Toshitaka Gamo  Yoshio Horibe 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1984,71(2):215-228

Vertical profiles of excess bottom²²²Rn and potential temperature were measured at 23 stations in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The Rn profiles were classified into the following three types: quasi-exponential (type E), benthic boundary layer (type B), and horizontally disturbed (type H). The ratio among types E, B and H was approximately 2 : 3 : 1.An apparent vertical eddy diffusivity (K) was calculated by applying a one-dimensional diffusion model to the Rn profiles of types E and B. Type E had K values ranging from 15 to 180 cm² s^?1 (average: 70 cm² s^?1). As to type B, K values for the benthic boundary layer (4.5–260 cm² s^?1, average: 120 cm² s^?1) were always more than an order of magnitude larger than those for the upper layer (0.2–35 cm² s^?1, average: 7 cm² s^?1), indicating more active vertical mixing in the benthic boundary layer than in the upper layer.Rn profiles were measured in regions where the bottom topography is known. It was verified that the occurrence of type H related closely with local bottom topographic features accompanied by lateral transient supply of Rn-rich or Rn-poor water.A couple of Rn profiles at the same location, measured at time intervals of several years, were compared with each other for three locations. The general characteristics of Rn profiles were shown to remain unaltered with time, while the fine structure of Rn profiles may have short-term variations caused by local bottom topography and fluctuations of bottom current as indicated in type H.  相似文献   

Rare earth element geochemistry: Edited by P. Hcnderson,Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984, 51 Op., U.S. $84.75     

Akimasa Masuda 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1984,48(11):2399-2400

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Comments on Rochester's comments     

Yoshio Kubo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1981,24(3):235-235

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Gravelly spit deposits in a transgressive systems tract: the Pleistocene Higashikanbe Gravel, central Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshihisa Hiroki  & Fujio Masuda 《Sedimentology》2000,47(1):135-149

The Pleistocene Higashikanbe Gravel, which crops out along the Pacific coast of the Atsumi Peninsula, central Japan, consists of well‐sorted, pebble‐ to cobble‐size gravel beds with minor sand beds. The gravel includes large‐scale foreset beds (5–10 m high) and overlying subhorizontal beds (0·5–3 m thick), showing foreset and topset structure, from which the gravel has previously been interpreted as deposits of a Gilbert‐type delta. However, (1) the gravel beds lack evidence of fluvial activity, such as channels in the subhorizontal beds; (2) the foresets incline palaeolandwards; (3) the gravels fill a fluvially incised valley; and (4) the gravels overlie low‐energy deposits of a restricted environment, such as a bay or an estuary. The foresets generally dip towards the inferred palaeoshoreline, indicating landward accretion of gravel. Reconstruction of the palaeogeography of the peninsula indicates that the Higashikanbe Gravel was deposited as a spit similar to that developed at the western tip of the present Atsumi Peninsula, rather than as a delta. According to the new interpretation, the large‐scale foreset beds are deposits on the slopes of spit platforms and accreted in part to the sides of small islets that are fragments of the submerging spit during relative sea‐level rise. The subhorizontal beds include nearshore deposits on the spit platform topsets and deposits of gravel shoals or bars, which are reworked sediments of the spit beach gravels during a transgression. The lack of spit beach facies in the subhorizontal beds results from truncation by shoreface erosion. Dome structure, which is a cross‐sectional profile of a recurved gravel spit at its extreme point, and sandy tidal channel deposits deposited between the small islets were also identified in the Higashikanbe Gravel. The Higashikanbe Gravel fills a fluvially incised valley and occupies a significant part of a transgressive systems tract, suggesting that gravelly spits are likely to be well developed during transgressions. The large‐scale foreset beds and subhorizontal beds of gravelly spits in transgressive systems tracts contrast with the foreset and topset beds of deltas, characteristic of highstand, lowstand and shelf‐margin systems tracts.  相似文献   

Volcanic events associated with an enigmatic submarine earthquake     

Hiroko Sugioka  Yoshio Fukao  Toshihiko Kanazawa  & Kenji Kanjo 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,142(2):361-370

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Spatiotemporal changes in meiofaunal composition on soft substrates in the semi-enclosed inner section of the northern Yatsushiro Sea     

Motohiro Shimanaga  Akiyo Maenaka  Toshiharu Misonou  Tatsuya Masuda  Yasuhisa Henmi 《Journal of Oceanography》2015,71(2):177-186

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