石羊河下游沙漠化的自然因素和人为因素及其位移   总被引：32，自引：5，他引：27  

常兆丰  韩福贵  仲生年  赵明  梁泰 《干旱区地理》2005,28(2):150-155

石羊河流域下游自汉代以来逐渐沙漠化,生态环境退化。其自然因素主要有：地形特征构筑了封闭的内陆河流域;水蚀是内陆河流域沙漠化的开始,上游集流区为中、下游提供了丰富的沙源;水资源的减少使得中、下游大面积湖积沙沙漠化。人为因素主要有：农业开发是引起水资源减少的关键,巩固边塞是引起河西走廊农业开发和耕地面积扩大的主要原因;战争对石羊河流域生态退化的影响不可忽视。石羊河下游民勤县在自汉代以来沙漠化和生态环境退化的漫长历史过程中,人为因素不断增强。20世纪中期以来,尤其是1958年红崖山水库建成以来,沙漠化过程中的人为因素占据了主导地位。  相似文献   

Tracing carbon transfer and assimilation by invertebrates and fish across a tropical mangrove ecosystem using stable isotopes          下载免费PDF全文

Nguyen Tai Tue  Tran Dang Quy  Mai Trong Nhuan  Luu Viet Dung  Nguyen Dinh Thai 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(5)

Mangroves are highly productive ecosystems that exhibit a diverse range of habitats, including tidal creeks and flats, forest gaps and interior forest with varying understory light intensity, tidal dynamics, geomorphological settings, and overall biological production. Within mangrove ecosystems, invertebrates and fish feed on heterogeneous food sources, the occurrence of which is unevenly distributed across the system. This provides a basis for testing models of carbon transfer across mangrove ecosystems. We hypothesized that the carbon transfer and assimilation by fish and invertebrates will vary across the different mangrove habitats and that such variations can be predicted by their stable isotope compositions. We analysed δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N signatures of consumers and their potential organic carbon sources across a tropical mangrove ecosystem in Vietnam. The δ¹³C values of crabs and snails significantly decreased from the tidal flat to interior forest, indicating that variations in carbon transfer and assimilation occurred at small scales <30 m. Reduced variation in δ¹³C of suspension‐feeding bivalves suggested that tidal water was a vector for large‐scale transport of carbon across the mangrove ecosystem. An analysis of co‐variance using habitat as a fixed factor and feeding habit and movement capacity of consumers as co‐variates indicated that habitat and feeding types were major features that affected the δ¹³C values of invertebrates and fish. The findings demonstrate that carbon transfer and assimilation across mangrove ecosystems occur as a diverse combination of small (<30 m) and large (>30 m) scale processes.  相似文献   

Quantitative characteristics of microorganisms in permafrost at different depths and their relation to soil physicochemical properties     

Wei Zhang  XiaoPei Dong  GuangXiu Liu  GaoSen Zhang  XiuKun Wu  XiSheng Tai  HaoZhi Long  BaoGui Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(2):0127-0131

Microorganisms in permafrost can live in cold environments due to coadapted physicochemical processes in this environment. In this paper, the relation between microbial number and soil physicochemical properties at the headwaters area of the Urumqi River is analyzed by using fluorescence microscopy counting and oligo-culture techniques. In total, 20 samples from a 200-cm permafrost core were used as study materials. The study reveals that the number of culturable bacteria has a significantly positive correlation with soil water content, total carbon and total nitrogen concentrations, and a significantly negative correlation with soil pH value. In addition, the ratio of culturable bacteria to total cell number decreases with depths. The results demonstrate that the number of culturable bacteria in permafrost is closely correlated with soil physicochemical properties and depositional age.  相似文献   

Livelihood differentiation between two villages in Yesanpo Tourism District in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tai Huang  Jian-chao Xi  Quan-sheng Ge 《山地科学学报》2017,14(11):2359-2372

The rapidly developing rural tourism industry in China has deeply influenced the livelihoods of rural households. This study compares the impact of rural tourism development in poor areas on the farmers’ livelihoods, based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework proposed by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development. Gougezhuang, a tourist village, and Jiaojiekou, a non-tourist village, both located in Yesanpo Tourism District in the state-level povertystricken Laishui County, Hebei Province, were selected as case studies. The livelihood models of the two villages show great differentiation after 20 years of tourism development. Gougezhuang Village has been driven by the tourism industry and farmers are employed locally, enjoying a relatively higher-income life, with a developmental livelihood model. In contrast, farmers in Jiaojiekou Village earn their living mainly by leaving home to work in the city. They have a low income, with a survival livelihood model, supported by part-time business. Considering that the two villages are adjacent and have similar development backgrounds, the analysis results indicate that rural tourism has an apparent locationspecific effect on poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development, but the development of rural tourism is limited regarding large-scale poverty alleviation efforts in poor areas. To implement a propoor- tourism strategy and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to implement comprehensive management measures to change the local conditions of rural settlements and make full use of the spillover effect of tourist consumption.  相似文献   

赣东北地区重要火成岩的40Ar／39Ar年龄   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

赵崇贺 《地球科学》1997,22(3):257-260

在赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带发现含晚古生代放射虫硅夺，测定了该带内的和带外几个关键地点的火山岩和辉长岩的＾４０Ａｒ／＾３０Ａｒ同位素地南年龄，获得了以下结果：火山岩的坪年龄为４３４．９－４８６．７Ｍａ，辉长岩的坪年龄为２３２．５－２６６．３Ｍａ，因此可以肯定赣东北地区有早生代晚期的火山活动，证实了上述火成冉不是中、新元古代的产物，它们中的一部分与晚古生代硅质岩都是蛇绿岩套的成员，属该区晚古生代洋壳的组成部  相似文献   

关于华南大地构造问题的再认识   总被引：29，自引：3，他引：29  

赵崇贺 《现代地质》1996,10(4):512-517

自８０年代以来，华南大地构造格局问题的讨论是我国地学的热点之一。有关华南陆块地质构造演化及形成时代存在多家之说，其中“江南古陆”是否存在与原“板溪群”时代的归属是争论的焦点。许多学者从不同的角度提出了各种观点和构造演化模式。从近几年来在皖南、赣东北地区的一系列新发现，可以得出如下看法：（１）“板溪群”不是一个前震旦纪的变质地层单位；（２）“江南古陆”是不存在的；（３）华南不存在加里东后地台，而存在晚古生代洋盆，它可能是东特提斯洋的一部分；（４）印支运动在赣东北地区有重要的表现，晚古生代浅变质岩和蛇绿混杂岩是它的岩石记录  相似文献   

海底取样器工作机理分析及选用原则——海底取样技术专题之二          下载免费PDF全文

鄢泰宁  昌志军  补家武 《探矿工程》2001,(3):19-22

分析了海底取样过程的“桩效应”问题，阐述了振动取样器贯入沉积物的原理，归纳了取样器的选用原则，并就完海底取样技术提出了建议。  相似文献   

中国8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会将于2001年6月25～27日在兰州召开     

董泰 《国际地震动态》2001,(4):38

由中国地震学会和甘肃省地震局联合举办的“中国 8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会”将于 2 0 0 1年 6月 2 5～ 2 7日在兰州市召开。会议活动安排有 1大会报告 ;2专题报告 ;3学术论文报告分组讨论会 ;4会后考察。会后考察为2个路线。 1线 :兰州—海原—古浪—敦煌 (6月2 8日～ 7月 3日 ) ;2线 :兰州—天水 (6月 2 8日～ 7月 1日 )。欲参会者请与中国地震学会有关专业委员会联系中国8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会将于2001年6月25～27日在兰州召开@董泰  相似文献   

新太古-古元古代华北陆块构造演化的研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

翟明国  郭敬辉  赵太平 《华北地质》2001,24(1):17-27

在过去的二十年里 ,华北克拉通早期陆块形成和演化的研究进展是中国固体地球科学研究领域最为显著的成果之一。第一个十年代表性的工作包括深变质变形的层状岩系与块状岩系的识别与成因研究、高级区与绿岩带的划分、构造样式与变形序列研究、变质历史与变质动力学、年代学与地质事件的研究等。第二个十年的研究重点是如何认识和理解早期大陆地壳的性质和它们的形成与演化过程。代表性的进展包括均匀域与地质体的划分、古老微陆块的识别、残留洋壳与早期陆壳的形成、下地壳组成和性质、大陆拼贴机制、古地幔柱构造与前Rodinia超大陆旋回等。其中高压麻粒岩地体和退变质榴辉岩的发现 ,是华北早前寒武纪研究中最重要的进展 ,它为早期大陆的拼合机制、地壳的深部结构和古老下地壳与现代的对比等多个领域打开了新的研究思路。对新太古 -早元古代的重大地质事件的厘定已表明 ,华北主要的地壳生长期是在 2 9～ 2 7亿年 ,但 2 5和 18亿两期事件是重大的事件 ,虽然对其性质尚存争议 ,但越来越多的证据把它们与超大陆和地幔柱构造相联系。  相似文献   

The Use of a Standpipe to Evaluate Ground Water Samplers     

Doreen Y. Tai  Kenneth S. Turner  Lisa A. Garcia 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1991,11(1):125-132

A standpipe system was developed for testing the reliability of ground water samplers. The unit consists of a stainless steel pipe 5 inches (13 centimeters) in diameter and 100 feet (30.5 meters) in height. It has 14 sampling ports from which control samples can be withdrawn at the same time and position as the samples are collected by a sampler lowered to that position. Test solutions were made in two mixing tanks, totaling 260 gallons (980 liters), by diluting the concentrate of five volatile chlorohydrocarbons in water at two levels of concentration: 10-to-30 and 100-to-200 parts per billion (micrograms per liter).
A gas chromatograph interfaced with a purge-and-trap system was used to perform the analyses. Comparisons of the control samples with the sampler-collected samples have indicated that the three non-pumping samplers had recoveries in the range of 92.4 to 103.5 percent and the three pumping samplers had recoveries ranging from 97.7 to 101.5 percent.  相似文献