Fast iterative solution of large undrained soil‐structure interaction problems     

Kok‐Kwang Phoon  Swee‐Huat Chan  Kim‐Chuan Toh  Fook‐Hou Lee 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2003,27(3):159-181

In view of rapid developments in iterative solvers, it is timely to re‐examine the merits of using mixed formulation for incompressible problems. This paper presents extensive numerical studies to compare the accuracy of undrained solutions resulting from the standard displacement formulation with a penalty term and the two‐field mixed formulation. The standard displacement and two‐field mixed formulations are solved using both direct and iterative approaches to assess if it is cost‐effective to achieve more accurate solutions. Numerical studies of a simple footing problem show that the mixed formulation is able to solve the incompressible problem ‘exactly’, does not create pressure and stress instabilities, and obviate the need for an ad hoc penalty number. In addition, for large‐scale problems where it is not possible to perform direct solutions entirely within available random access memory, it turns out that the larger system of equations from mixed formulation also can be solved much more efficiently than the smaller system of equations arising from standard formulation by using the symmetric quasi‐minimal residual (SQMR) method with the generalized Jacobi (GJ) preconditioner. Iterative solution by SQMR with GJ preconditioning also is more elegant, faster, and more accurate than the popular Uzawa method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A method of colour excess determination for classical cepheids     

Chulhee Kim 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1987,133(1):1-7

By use of the reddening free [m ₁], [c ₁], and indices data inuvby photometric system for three classical cepheids whose reddening values had been determined with the aid of photometry of field stars, three intrinsic relations of [m ₁]–(b–y), [c ₁]–(b–y), and –(b–y) have been established. It was shown that these three relations can be used to determine the colour excesses for other classical cepheids.  相似文献   

Emitting region of sodium lines in solar prominences     

Kap-Sung Kim 《Solar physics》1988,114(1):47-64

We have calculated the emission spectra of hydrogen and sodium atoms in the cool part of prominence models which satisfy simultaneously the constraints of radiative transfer, statistical equilibrium and charge-particle conservations.In the considered range of our model parameters, emission strengths of H and Nai D lines increase with the temperature and the total number density. Low-pressure models raise the ionization rate highly but yield very weak Nai D line intensities, since these model prominences contain small amounts of free electrons and sodium atoms which have a deep relation with the formation of sodium lines. We find that sodium D lines should be emitted in the high pressure region of prominences, and that their intensities are difficult to attain in the cool core of any model prominence with a temperature as low as 4000 K. In order to explain consistently the spectral emissions of H and Nai D lines observed in quiescent prominences, a total number density higher than 4 x 10¹¹ cm^-3 and a temperature over 5000 K are required at least in the cool part of prominences.Contributions from the Kwasan and Hida Observatories, University of Kyoto, No. 282.  相似文献   

Age-metallicity relation for F-stars     

Hong Bae Ann  Yong Hee Kang 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,118(1-2):325-327

We derived the age-metallicity relation for the solar neighbourhood from theuvby, H photometry of F-stars using the evolutionary models of Hejlesen (1980). It is shown that disk formation is divided into two phases according to the fast and slow collapse which accompany the initial rapid enrichment and slow increase of the metallicity of the galactic disk, respectively.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.  相似文献   

Reference models of sunspot chromospheres     

H. S. Yun  H. A. Beebe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,118(1-2):173-175

Recent observational and theoretical studies of the structure of umbral chromosphres have led us to propose new models of the region. We combine space and ground based determinations of the densitytemperature structure of the transition region with existing Caii H, K, and IR triplet spectral data to establish relatively high density, gradient models of the sunspot chromosphere.Avrett in 1981 presented theSunspot Sunspot Model which can be characterized as a physically extended, low density, plateau model. However, in a similar study, the authors (Beebeet al., 1982) pointed out that the relatively high transition region pressures derived from space observations indeed are required to reproduce high resolution Caii spectral features. Studies of the umbral chromosphere as a resonant cavity for slow-mode magneto-acoustic waves producing umbral oscillations (Zhugzhdaet al., 1984) also lead to atmospheres of relatively small physical thickness, thus higher densities.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.  相似文献   

火试金法测定铜精矿中金含量结果的不确定度评定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

江水英  肖化云  吴声东  吴波  秦云和 《岩矿测试》2008,27(4):299-301

对火试金法测定铜精矿中金含量的结果进行不确定度评定。分析了铜精矿样品称量、铜精矿样品的不均匀性和配料处理,以及金粒称量等因素对金含量测量结果不确定度的影响,并得出火试金法测量铜精矿中金含量的扩展不确定度。  相似文献   

Development and application of a GIS-based tool for earthquake-induced hazard prediction     

Chang-Guk Sun  Sung-Ho Chun  Tae-Gyun Ha  Choong-Ki Chung  Dong-Soo Kim   《Computers and Geotechnics》2008,35(3):436-449

An integrated GIS-based tool (GTIS) was constructed to estimate site effects related to the earthquake hazards in the Gyeongju area of Korea. To build the GTIS for the study area, intensive site investigations and geotechnical data collections were performed and a walk-over site survey was additionally carried out to acquire surface geo-knowledge data in accordance with the procedure developed to build the GTIS. For practical applications of the GTIS used to estimate the site effects associated with the amplification of ground motion, seismic microzoning maps of the characteristic site period and the mean shear wave velocity to a depth of 30 m were created and presented as a regional synthetic strategy addressing earthquake-induced hazards. Additionally, based on one-dimensional site response analyses, various seismic microzoning maps for short- and mid-period amplification potentials were created for the study area. Case studies of seismic microzonations in the Gyeongju area verified the usefulness of the GTIS for predicting seismic hazards in the region.  相似文献   

He–Ar and Nd–Sr isotopic compositions of late Pleistocene felsic plutonic back arc basin rocks from Ulleungdo volcanic island, South Korea: Implications for the genesis of young plutonic rocks in a back arc basin     

Kyu Han Kim  Keisuke Nagao  Hirochika Sumino  Tsuyoshi Tanaka  Takamasa Hayashi  Toshio Nakamura  Jong Ik Lee 《Chemical Geology》2008,253(3-4):180-195

We report analyses of noble gases and Nd–Sr isotopes in mineral separates and whole rocks of late Pleistocene (< 0.2 Ma) monzonites from Ulleungdo, South Korea, a volcanic island within the back arc basin of the Japan island arc. A Rb–Sr mineral isochron age for the monzonites is 0.12 ± 0.01 Ma. K–Ar biotite ages from the same samples gave relatively concordant ages of 0.19 ± 0.01and 0.22 ± 0.01 Ma. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar yields a similar age of 0.29 ± 0.09 Ma. Geochemical characteristics of the felsic plutonic rocks, which are silica oversaturated alkali felsic rocks (av., 12.5 wt% in K₂O + Na₂O), are similar to those of 30 alkali volcanics from Ulleungdo in terms of concentrations of major, trace and REE elements. The initial Nd–Sr isotopic ratios of the monzonites (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70454–0.71264, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512528–0.512577) are comparable with those of the alkali volcanics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70466–0.70892, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512521–0.512615) erupted in Stage 3 of Ulleungdo volcanism (0.24–0.47 Ma). The high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of the monzonites imply that seawater and crustally contaminated pre-existing trachytes may have been melted or assimilated during differentiation of the alkali basaltic magma.A mantle helium component (³He/⁴He ratio of up to 6.5 RA) associated with excess argon was found in the monzonites. Feldspar and biotite have preferentially lost helium during slow cooling at depth and/or during their transportation to the surface in a hot host magma. The source magma noble gas isotopic features are well preserved in fluid inclusions in hornblende, and indicate that the magma may be directly derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle metasomatized by an ancient subduction process, or may have formed as a mixture of MORB-like mantle and crustal components. The radiometric ages, geochemical and Nd–Sr isotopic signatures of the Ulleungdo monzonites as well as the presence of mantle-derived helium and argon, suggests that these felsic plutonic rocks evolved from alkali basaltic magma that formed by partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the back arc basin located along the active continental margin of the southeastern part of the Eurasian plate.  相似文献   

祁连山不同植被类型对积雪消融的影响   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

车宗玺  金铭  张学龙  张虎  牛云  董晓丽 《冰川冻土》2008,30(3):392-397

为研究祁连山植被对积雪消融的影响, 利用人工调查积雪深度逐日变化量和积雪盖度变化, 并结合空气雪面感热通量(SH)观测, 对祁连山水源林生态站排露沟流域海拔2 600～2 700 m青海云杉林、灌丛林、林缘、阳坡草地在2003-2007年的积雪消融进行了研究, 每年的观测从10月降雪开始到翌年5月积雪消融完结束, 共获取数据134 400个. 结果表明: 当SH<0时, 积雪消融停止;当SH>0时, 积雪消融开始;植被可以减缓积雪消融速率, 有植被的地方消融速率减慢, 反之则加快;不同植被消融速率大小顺序为草地>林缘>灌木林>乔木林;同一植被、不同坡向消融速率不同, 半阳坡云杉林＞半阴坡云杉林＞阴坡云杉林. 积雪含水率随气温升高而增大, 1月融化积雪占整个积雪的5%, 2月增大到28%, 大量积雪在3月消融, 占55%. 从坡位看, 下坡消融速率最大;在一个垂直带上, 低海拔消融速率大于高海拔. 温度是影响积雪消融的主要因子, 积雪消融速率随温度升高而增大, 反之则减小.  相似文献   

河南省洛宁县寨凹钼矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

邓小华陈衍景  姚军明李文博李 诺王 运糜 梅张 颖 《中国地质》2008,35(6):1250-1266

寨凹钼矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的熊耳地体．矿床定位受马超营断裂带的次级断裂控制,矿体呈脉状贼存于太华超群石板沟组黑云角闪斜长片麻岩中。成矿过程包括3个阶段：石英-辉钼矿阶段（I）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ）、石英-碳酸盐阶段（Ⅲ）,其中,I阶段为主成矿阶段。寨凹钼矿床可见2类流体包裹体,即水溶液型和含子晶包裹体;激光拉曼指示包裹体成分主要为H2O。从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度从I阶段100～260℃,经Ⅱ阶段110～160℃．变化为Ⅲ阶段120—180℃．矿床总体属于低温热液矿床：流体包裹体盐度从I阶段的2～25wt％NaCl．eqv演化至Ⅱ阶段的6—30wt％NaCl．eqv．然后降为Ⅲ阶段的7～25wt％NaCl．eqv。I阶段均一温度范围宽广、流体包裹体盐度由双峰式演化为单峰式以及包裹体温度-盐度双变图的负相关性指示了流体混合是主要的成矿机制。寨凹钼矿流体包裹体以高密度、高盐度的低温低压流体为特征,是含CaCl,流体参与成矿的结果,热的岩浆流体与冷的含CaCl,的卤水的混合．导致了辉钼矿的沉淀。寨凹钼矿床地质和流体包裹体特征与侵入岩相关的成矿系统一致．指示其成因类型为与侵入岩有关的钼矿床．  相似文献