适宜性评价与模型模拟的三类空间划定研究     

付涛  易宏  吴俐民  李玉龙 《测绘科学》2021,46(6):164-173

为了讨论三类空间的合理划定方法,该文基于国土空间开发适宜性评价与FLUS模型进行三类空间划定研究.以昆明市盘龙区为例,在基于信息熵和优势度对三类空间进行现状评价的基础上,结合生态保护红线、永久基本农田保护红线和FLUS模型最终划定了盘龙区的三类空间.受相关政策影响,三类空间集中连片度很高,盘龙区2015-2019年土地利用有序,但多样性正在减少.在保障生态空间面积不减、粮食生产安全和城镇集约发展的原则下,经三类空间相互协调,划定生态空间610.13 km2,比现状生态空间增加6.45 km2;农业空间188.93 km2,比现状农业空间增加10.50 km2;划定城镇空间69.69 km2,比现状城镇空间减少16.95 km2.通过对盘龙区进行国土空间规划中三类空间的合理划定,为生态保护、农业生产、城镇发展相互协调提供了依据.  相似文献   

InSAR技术支持下的高速铁路沿线沉降监测与预测     

游洪  米鸿燕  李勇发  王志红  刘岚  熊鹏 《测绘科学》2021,46(7):67-75

针对盘营铁路专线、哈大铁路专线沿线沉降监测研究较少,采用InSAR技术获取了研究区地表形变信息,还对其进行了相关分析.用SBAS-InSAR对35景Sentinel-1A SAR数据进行处理,获取VV、VH极化下的年均沉降速率及沉降序列;以年均沉降速率为研究对象,进行沿线沉降特征分析及交叉验证;利用小波变换对沉降序列降噪处理,用改进BP神经网络对降噪后沉降序列预测分析.研究结果表明,研究区内高速铁路沿线共监测出6个明显沉降区域,最大沉降速率达50mm/a;两种极化年均沉降速率具有较高的一致性,降噪处理后的沉降序列更加平滑;改进BP神经网络具有较高的收敛速度,其预测精度有较大提高.  相似文献   

河南省内乡县银洞沟银金多金属矿成矿年龄: 热液锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb测年     

曾威  王佳营  涂家润  李志丹  胡鹏  李光耀  许雅文  叶丽娟 《地质学报》2023,97(6):1972-1986

北秦岭构造带广泛发育与古生代洋壳俯冲和碰撞造山有关的岩浆活动以及与造山过程有关的变质作用,但古生代热液脉型矿床在北秦岭构造带少见报道。银洞沟银金多金属矿为北秦岭构造带东部的一处中型热液脉型矿床,本文通过对该矿床赋矿围岩和含矿石英脉中锆石开展LA- MC- ICP- MS U- Pb测年和锆石成因研究,确定了矿床的形成时代,并探讨了矿床的成矿动力学背景。结果表明赋矿围岩黑云母二长花岗岩的形成时代为431. 4±2. 1 Ma,含矿石英脉中锆石结晶年龄为419. 4±5. 9 Ma,石英脉中锆石的岩相学、锆石中矿物和流体包裹体及锆石微量元素研究表明419. 4 Ma代表矿床的形成时代。结合前人的研究结果,确定银洞沟银金多金属矿为形成于晚志留世的造山型矿床,成矿作用与碰撞期后～420 Ma的变质作用密切相关,成矿流体来源于地层的变质脱水,成矿物质主要来源于秦岭岩群和二郎坪群。  相似文献   

支持综合测绘的监管平台设计与实现     

曾文华  冯一茹  应荷香 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(9):132-136

针对综合测绘改革要求以及测绘行业监管存在的问题,本文通过支持综合测绘的分布式闭环统一技术架构、基于数据仓的数据交换共享、测绘项目全生命周期监管、测绘地理信息信用模型构建等关键技术研究,分析了工程建设项目涉及的测绘内容,测绘地理信息监管涉及的单位、人员、项目和信用之间的内在联系;探讨了综合监管数据汇聚、共享、分析、决策等的方法和技术,以浙江为例提供了测绘地理信息综合监管技术设计方案,为综合测绘改革提供了技术支撑,为测绘地理信息综合监管和"互联网+监管"提供了思路.  相似文献   

基于精灵4 RTK无人机的地理国情监测遥感解译样本采集的应用研究     

魏宝安  袁红  唐基文 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(9):171-172,175

精灵4 RTK无人机搭载的相机配备1英寸2000万像素,支持0—90°俯仰角拍摄,可满足地理国情遥感解译样本拍摄要求.基于精灵4 RTK无人机拍摄遥感解译样本,不但可以解决不可到达区域样本拍摄问题,而且能自定义飞行拍摄模式,实现了遥感解译样本拍摄自动化、智能化,丰富了遥感解译样本数据的获取手段,大大提高了遥感解译样本采集效率.本文基于无人机拍摄技术,结合遥感解译样本数据采集中的应用场景,提出了一种便携、智能的遥感解译样本采集方法,可为地理国情监测遥感解译样本采集提供技术支撑.  相似文献   

油气管道纵断数据自动提取技术研究     

高立  勾昆  袁红 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(z1):213-216

作为管道工程勘测设计中的一项重要工作,纵断面测量内业数据处理具有工作量大、自动化水平低的特点,极大地影响了工作效率.针对此问题,本文设计了油气管道纵断数据提取程序,实现油气管道中线高程点加密、基于机载LiDAR点云数据的纵断数据提取、里程和角度计算等功能,并应用在实际工作当中.该系统具有易操作、高精度、高效率等优势,大幅度提高了油气管道纵断面测量的工作效率.  相似文献   

顾及局部统计特征的均值滤波方法及其应用     

汪诗奇  王莹  杨宏  石晨辰  肖胜昌 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(2):51-54

针对Caris软件自动滤波结果中仍存在较多异常数据点、手工剔除需要耗费较长时间的问题,提出了一种基于局部统计特征的均值滤波方法。先利用局部统计特征剔除局部异常点,再结合均值滤波方法估计格网点水深值。实验结果表明,方法处理结果与手工编辑结果水深差值中误差仅为0.121 m,而处理时长极大缩短,对工作效率的提升很大。  相似文献   

Cluster analysis on the bulk elemental compositions of Antarctic stony meteorites          下载免费PDF全文

Hideaki Miyamoto  Takafumi Niihara  Takeshi Kuritani  Peng K. Hong  James M. Dohm  Seiji Sugita 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2016,51(5):906-919

Remote sensing observations by recent successful missions to small bodies have revealed the difficulty in classifying the materials which cover their surfaces into a conventional classification of meteorites. Although reflectance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for this purpose, it is influenced by many factors, such as space weathering, lighting conditions, and surface physical conditions (e.g., particle size and style of mixing). Thus, complementary information, such as elemental compositions, which can be obtained by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and gamma‐ray spectrometers (GRS), have been considered very important. However, classifying planetary materials solely based on elemental compositions has not been investigated extensively. In this study, we perform principal component and cluster analyses on 12 major and minor elements of the bulk compositions of 500 meteorites reported in the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), Japan database. Our unique approach, which includes using hierarchical cluster analysis, indicates that meteorites can be classified into about 10 groups purely by their bulk elemental compositions. We suggest that Si, Fe, Mg, Ca, and Na are the optimal set of elements, as this set has been used successfully to classify meteorites of the NIPR database with more than 94% accuracy. Principal components analysis indicates that elemental compositions of meteorites form eight clusters in the three‐dimensional space of the components. The three major principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) are interpreted as (1) degree of differentiations of the source body (i.e., primitive versus differentiated), (2) degree of thermal effects, and (3) degree of chemical fractionation, respectively.  相似文献   

Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Lower Permian P1f source rocks in the Fengcheng area,northwest margin,Junggar Basin,NW China: implications for tight oil accumulation potential assessment     

Tao Hu  Xiongqi Pang  Sa Yu  Xulong Wang  Hong Pang  Jigang Guo  Fujie Jiang  Weibing Shen  Qifeng Wang  Jing Xu 《Geological Journal》2016,51(6):880-900

Combined with the actual geological settings, tight oil is the oil that occurs in shale or tight reservoirs, which has permeability less than 1 mD and is interbedded with or close to shale, including tight dolomitic oil and shale oil. The Fengcheng area (FA), at the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin, northwest China, has made significant progress in the tight oil exploration of the Fengcheng (P₁f) Formation recently, which indicates that the tight oil resources have good exploration prospects. Whereas the lack of recognition of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Permian P₁f source rocks results in the misunderstanding of tight oil resource potential. Based on the comprehensive analysis of geological and geochemical characteristics of wells, seismic inversion, sedimentary facies, tectonic burial depth, etc., the characteristics of P₁f source rocks were investigated, and the horizontal distributions of the following aspects were predicted: the thickness of source rocks, abundance and type of organic matter. And on this basis, an improved hydrocarbon generation potential methodology together with basin simulation techniques was applied to unravel the petroleum generation and expulsion characteristics of P₁f source rocks in FA. Results show that the P₁f source rocks distribute widely (up to 2039 km²), are thick (up to 260 m), have high total organic content (TOC, ranging from 0.15 to 4 wt%), are dominated by type II kerogen and have entered into low mature–mature stage. The modeling results indicate that the source rocks reached hydrocarbon generation threshold and hydrocarbon expulsion threshold at 0.5% Ro and 0.85% Ro and the comprehensive hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency was about 46%. The amount of generation and expulsion from the P₁f source rocks was 31.85 × 10⁸ and 15.31 × 10⁸ t, respectively, with a residual amount of 16.54 × 10⁸ t within the source rocks. Volumetrically, the geological resource of shale oil is up to 15.65 × 10⁸ t. Small differences between the amounts calculated by the volumetric method compared with that by hydrocarbon generation potential methodology may be due to other oil accumulations present within interbedded sands associated with the oil shales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A New Scheme for Predicting Leaf Onset in Summer-Green Vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere          下载免费PDF全文

TIAN Dong-Xiao  ZENG Xiao-Dong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2015,8(5)

A modified thermal time model(MTM) was developed to reproduce the leaf onset for summer-green vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere. The model adopts the basic concept of a thermal time model(TM) in that leaf onset is primarily triggered by growing degree days(GDD). Based on global phenology data derived from satellite observations, a new parameterization for the critical model parameter Tb(i.e., baseline temperature for GDD calculation) has been introduced, and the spatial distribution of Tb was calculated. Simulations of leaf onset during 1982–2000 in the range 30–90°N showed a significant improvement of MTM over the standard TM model with constant Tb. The mean error and mean absolute error of the climatological simulation were 1.11 and 6.8 days, respectively, and 90% of the model error(5th and 95 th percentiles) was between-12.4 and 13.7 days.  相似文献