移植操作胁迫对天鹅湖大叶藻存活、生长及光合色素含量的影响     

田璐  张沛东  张凌宇  曾星  张秀梅 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(8):25-31

2009年4月利用植株枚订移植法在山东荣成天鹅湖海域开展大叶藻植株移植,于5~10月监测移植大叶藻植株的存活率,并逐月采集自然和移植大叶藻植株,比较了植株生长、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量的变化,分析了移植操作胁迫对大叶藻存活、生长、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量的影响。结果显示,移植后1~2个月,移植植株的平均成活率较高,至移植后4个月,平均成活率降至57.8%,之后保持稳定。移植后6个月内,叶长移植植株均极显著低于自然植株;根长和茎节长在移植后1个月时移植植株显著低于自然植株,移植2个月后与自然植株无明显差异,甚至显著高于自然植株;叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量在移植后1个月时移植植株显著低于自然植株,移植2个月后则与天然植株无明显不同,甚至显著高于自然植株,但10月份移植植株的叶绿素含量明显下降。结果表明,移植操作对大叶藻植株的地上部分产生了严重的胁迫作用和较长的胁迫时间,而移植植株的地下部分及叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素在经过短期胁迫后,能够通过自身的补偿机制分别实现快速生长和显著增加,从而利于植株的扎根、固着和提高植株的光合作用能力。  相似文献   

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张华  蒋海昆  姚宏  周斌  郭培兰  阎春恒  文翔 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(4):88-91

2013-06~07??????????3?????????????С??????????п???????У???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(ETAS???)??????????????????????崥???????????????й???????????????????  相似文献   

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田英国  郝金明  刘伟平  于合理  王鸿  杨剑伟 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(1):157-160

???????GNSS??????????????????????????????????????????????α?????????????????????????????????ò????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч???????α????????????????????????????з??????????????ù?????????????? ??I_i-1????I_i?????????????в?????????????????????????????÷???????Ч???  相似文献   

Sedimentary evolution of the Holocene subaqueous clinoform off the southern Shandong Peninsula in the Western South Yellow Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiandong Qiu  Jian Liu  Yoshiki Saito  Zigeng Yang  Baojing Yue  Hong Wang  Xianghuai Kong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):747-760

Based on the stratigraphic sequence formed since the last glaciation and revealed by 3000 km long high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and the core QDZ03 acquired recently off the southern Shandong Peninsula, we addressed the sedimentary characteristics of a Holocene subaqueous clinoform in this paper. Integrated analyses were made on the core QDZ03, including sedimentary facies, sediment grain sizes, clay minerals, geochemistry, micro paleontology, and AMS 14 C dating. The result indicates that there exists a Holocene subaqueous clinoform, whose bottom boundary generally lies at 15–40 m below the present sea level with its depth contours roughly parallel to the coast and getting deeper seawards. The maximum thickness of the clinoform is up to 22.5 m on the coast side, and the thickness contours generally spread in a banded way along the coastline and becomes thinner towards the sea. At the mouths of some bays along the coast, the clinoform stretches in the shape of a fan and its thickness is evidently larger than that of the surrounding sediments. This clinoform came into being in the early Holocene(about 11.2 cal kyr BP) and can be divided into the lower and upper depositional units(DU 2 and DU 1, respectively). The unit DU 2, being usually less than 3 m in thickness and formed under a low sedimentation rate, is located between the bottom boundary and the Holocene maximum flooding surface(MFS), and represents the sediment of a post-glacial transgressive systems tract; whereas the unit DU 1, the main body of the clinoform, sits on the MFS, belonging to the sediment of a highstand systems tract from middle Holocene(about 7–6 cal kyr BP) to the present. The provenance of the clinoform differs from that of the typical sediments of the Yellow River and can be considered as the results of the joint contribution from both the Yellow River and the proximal coastal sediments of the Shandong Peninsula, as evidenced by the sediment geochemistry of the core. As is controlled mainly by coactions of multiple factors such as the Holocene sea-level changes, sediment supplies and coastal dynamic conditions, the development of the clinoform is genetically related with the synchronous clinoform or subaqueous deltas around the northeastern Shandong Peninsula and in the northern South Yellow Sea in the spatial distribution and sediment provenance, as previously reported, with all of them being formed from the initial stage of the Holocene up to the present.  相似文献   

基于地基GPS遥感的大连地区大气水汽总量变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄艇  黄振  朱晶  梁宏  张建国 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(2):45-50

基于大连地区地基GPS综合观测网遥感反演了大气水汽总量（PWV）,分析了大连地区PWV空间变化、逐月变化和日变化特征以及PWV变化与降水的关系,并利用大连本站2005-2011年的探空资料拟合了大连地区地面温度和大气加权平均温度的关系。结果表明：大连本站的PWV与探空积分的水汽含量相关系数达到0.988,均方根误差为2.5 mm。大连地区PWV南北分布比较均匀;PWV最大的月份为7-8月,最大月平均值约40 mm,PWV最小的月份为1月,最小月平均值小于4 mm;大连地区PWV春季和冬季日变化幅度约0.5 mm,夏季和秋季日变化幅度约1.3 mm。夏季和秋季的PWV日变化呈单峰型,春季和冬季的PWV日变化呈多峰型; 在降水发生前8 h 大气水汽总量有明显增加过程,对降水的发生有指示作用。  相似文献   

一次台风暴雨过程的水汽特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

洪展 《气象研究与应用》2014,35(4):16-18

对2014年7月18-19日桂东南受1409号台风＂威马逊＂影响,出现一次降雨强度大、影响范围广、降雨时间长的暴雨过程进行水汽特征分析,得出和验证了有利于出现强降水的大尺度环流背景下,充分的水汽供应是暴雨形成的基本条件之一,水汽通量场反映了水汽源源不断向桂东南输送,水汽通量散度进一步反映有大量的水汽往桂东南输送。  相似文献   

Preliminary Assessment of the Common Land Model Coupled with the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model          下载免费PDF全文

ZHU Jia-Wen  ZENG Xiao-Dong  LI Fang  SONG Xiang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):505-509

The Common Land Model（CoLM） was coupled with the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model（IAPDGVM）, and the performance of this combined CoLMIAP model was evaluated. Offline simulations using both the original Common Land Model（CoLM-LPJ） and CoLM-IAP were conducted. The CoLM-IAP coupled model showed a significant improvement over CoLMLPJ, as the deciduous tree distribution decreased over temperate and boreal regions, while the distribution of evergreen trees increased over the tropics. Some biases in CoLM-LPJ were preserved, including the overestimation of evergreen trees in tropical savanna, the underestimation of boreal evergreen trees, and the absence of boreal shrubs. However, most of these biases did not exist in a further coupled simulation of IAP-DGVM with the Community Land Model（CLM）, for which the parameters of IAP-DGVM were optimized. This implies that further improvement is needed to deal with the differences between CoLM and CLM in parameterizations of landbased physical and biochemical processes.  相似文献   

Assimilating the LAI Data to the VEGAS Model Using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter: An Observing System Simulation Experiment          下载免费PDF全文

JIA Bing-Hao  Ning ZENG  XIE Zheng-Hui 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(4):314-319

Information on the spatial and temporal pat- terns of surface carbon flux is crucial to understanding of source/sink mechanisms and projection of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate. This study presents the construction and implementation of a terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation system based on a dynamic vegetation and terrestrial carbon model Vegetation-Global-Atmosphere-Soil （VEGAS） with an advanced assimilation algorithm, the local ensemble transform Kalman filter （LETKF, hereafter LETKF-VEGAS）. An observing system simulation experiment （OSSE） framework was designed to evaluate the reliability of this system, and numerical experiments conducted by the OSSE using leaf area index （LAI） observations suggest that the LETKF -VEGAS can improve the estimations of leaf carbon pool and LAI significantly, with reduced root mean square errors and increased correlation coefficients with true values, as compared to a control run without assimilation. Furthermore, the LETKF-VEGAS has the potential to provide more accurate estimations of the net primary productivity （NPP） and carbon flux to atmosphere （CFta）.  相似文献   

Stochastic representation of dynamic model tendency : Formulation and preliminary results     

Myung-Seo Koo  Song-You Hong 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2014,50(4):497-506

Stochastic representation of forecast uncertainties has been taken into account to improve dynamical seasonal prediction. In this study, perturbing the dynamic tendency by a random number is introduced to account for inherent uncertainties associated with computational representations of the underlying partial differential equations that govern the atmospheric motion. Compared to the traditional approach to perturb the physical tendency, the sensitivity of fluctuations in forecast variables to the magnitude of random forcing is found to be greater in the case of perturbing the dynamical tendency. Realizing that the major advantage of stochastic tendency in traditional approaches lies in the increase in ensemble spread, our approach manifests a greater potential in the field of dynamical ensemble prediction. An evaluation of a simulated climate for a boreal summer demonstrates a significant enhancement in forecast skill in terms of the large-scale features and precipitation, when both the dynamical and physical tendencies are simultaneously perturbed. This finding implies that model uncertainties could be addressed in terms of not only the physical parameterization but also the dynamical portion that used to be regarded as deterministically solved.  相似文献   

Comparison of the Influence of Interannual Vegetation Variability between Offline and Online Simulations          下载免费PDF全文

ZHU Jia-Wen  ZENG Xiao-Dong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):453-457

This study investigates the influence of interannual vegetation variability. Two sets of offline and online simulations were performed using the Community Earth System Model. The interannual Global LAnd Surface Satellite （GLASS） leaf area index （LAI） dataset from 1985 to 2000 and its associated climatological LAI were used to replace the default climatological LAI data in version 4 of the Community Land Model （CLM4）. The re- sults showed that on a global scale, canopy transpiration and evaporation, as well as total evapotranspiration in offline simulations were significantly positively corre- lated with LAI, whereas ground evaporation and ground temperature showed significant negative correlation with LAI. However, the correlations in online simulations were reduced markedly because of interactive feedbacks between albedo, changed climatic factors and atmospheric variability. In the offline simulations, the fluctuations of differences in interannual variability of evapotranspiration and ground temperature focused on vegetation growing regions and the magnitudes were smaller. Those in online simulations spread over more regions and the magnitudes were larger. These results highlight the influence of interannual vegetation variability, particularly in online simulations, an effect that deserves consideration and attention when investigating the uncertainty of climate change.  相似文献