Management of karst aquifers in Serbia for water supply     

Zoran Stevanović  Igor Jemcov  Saša Milanović 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):743-748

Karst aquifers represent one of the main sources of water supply in Serbia. Wide distributions of karstic areas, abundant reserves, and excellent quality of karst groundwater have been the reasons for its extensive use in water supply systems throughout the country. In Serbia, 70 karstic sources have been tapped for centralized water supply, with the assessed minimal capacity exceeding 4.5 m³/s. Most of the large cities of Eastern and Western Serbia currently use karst groundwater for water supply; however, due to unstable flow regime when only natural springflow is tapped, numerous problems arise during the recession period (summer–autumn). During the last two decades, after favorable conditions had been confirmed through hydrogeological survey and feasibility studies, several newly constructed systems for artificial control of karst aquifers (mostly in Eastern Serbia) resulted in significantly improved water supply.  相似文献   

Architecture and emplacement of the Nebo–Babel gabbronorite-hosted magmatic Ni–Cu–PGE sulphide deposit,West Musgrave,Western Australia     

Zoran Seat  Stephen W. Beresford  Benjamin A. Grguric  Rob S. Waugh  Jon M. A. Hronsky  M. A. Mary Gee  David I. Groves  Charter I. Mathison 《Mineralium Deposita》2007,42(6):551-581

The Nebo–Babel Ni–Cu–platinum-group element (PGE) sulphide deposit in the West Musgrave Block, Western Australia, is the largest nickel sulphide discovery in the last 10 years. The deposit is hosted within a concentrically zoned, olivine-free, tube-like (chonolithic), gabbronorite intrusion associated with the, approximately, 1,078-Ma Giles Complex-layered intrusions in the Warakurna large igneous province. Emplaced into sulphide-free amphibolite facies orthogneiss, the fault-offset Nebo–Babel chonolith extends for 5 km and has a cross-section of 1 × 0.5 km. Igneous mineralogy, fabrics, and textures are well preserved. The lithostratigraphy includes variably textured leucogabbronorites (VLGN) that form an outer shell around mineralised gabbronorite (MGN), with barren gabbronorite (BGN) and oxide–apatite gabbronorite (OAGN) in the middle and lower parts of the chonolith. Mineral and whole-rock geochemistry indicate that the units become progressively evolved in the order: VLGN, MGN, BGN, and OAGN, and that incompatible trace-element concentrations increase downwards within the MGN and BGN. The mineralisation, which is confined to the early, more primitive units (VLGN and MGN), occurs as massive sulphide breccias and stringers and as disseminated gabbronorite-hosted sulphides. The massive sulphides were emplaced late in the intrusive sequence, have different PGE chemistry and Cu tenor to the disseminated sulphides, and have undergone sulphide fractionation. The distribution of disseminated sulphides, which are primary magmatic in origin, is related to chonolith geometry and magma flow regimes, rather than to gravitational settling. Sulfur-bearing country rocks are absent in the Nebo–Babel deposit area, and thus, local crustal S addition was unlikely to have been the major mechanism in achieving sulphide immiscibility. The Nebo–Babel intrusion is part of an originally continuous magma chonolith with multiple and related magma pulses. The parental magma was medium- to low-K tholeiite with 8–9 wt% MgO. The initial magma pulse (VLGN), the most primitive and sulphide saturated, was probably emplaced along a linear weakness in the country rock. After crystallisation of VLGN, marginally more fractionated, sulphide-saturated magma was injected through the thermally insulated core of the conduit, forming the MGN. Successive pulse(s) of more fractionated magma (BGN) were emplaced in the core of the intrusion. After magma flow ceased, closed system crystal fractionation produced consistent mineral and chemical fractionation trends within BGN and OAGN. After crystallisation, the intrusion was overturned and then offset by the Jameson Fault resulting in the apparent ‘reverse’ chemical and mineral trends in Nebo–Babel.  相似文献   

利用火箭技术进行云催化的自动化系统     

李斌 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2007,1(1):57-59

介绍了一个用多普勒或非多普勒雷达装备的新的自动化防雹雷达中心。该系统实现了从雷达采集云信息到发射装有催化剂火箭这一整个过程的自动化,从而提高了雷达中心的效能。系统包括雷达视频信号的数字化处理系统、天线控制子系统和专家信息系统。自动化防雹系统的应用范围广泛,例如:防雹作业,气象研究,降水测量和短期预报等。  相似文献   

Microwave Mode Coupling Above Active Regions as a Coronal Density Diagnostic     

Lee  Jeongwoo  White  Stephen M.  Kundu  M. R.  Mikić  Zoran  McClymont  A. N. 《Solar physics》1998,180(1-2):193-211

It is well recognized that the phenomenon of depolarization (the conversion of polarized radio emission into unpolarized emission) of microwaves over solar active regions can be used to infer the coronal electron density once the coronal magnetic field is known. In this paper we explore this technique using an active region for which we have excellent radio data showing depolarization at two frequencies, and for which we have an excellent magnetic field model which has been tested against observations. We show that this technique for obtaining coronal densities is very sensitive to a number of factors. When Cohen's (1960) theory where depolarization is due to magnetic field rotation alone is used, the result is particularly sensitive to the location of the surface on which the magnetic field is orthogonal to the line of sight. Depending on whether we take into account the presence of electric currents in the photosphere or not, their extrapolation into the corona can result in very different heights being deduced for the location of the depolarization strip, and this changes the density which is then deduced from the depolarization condition. Such extreme sensitivity to the magnetic field model requires that field extrapolations be able to accurately predict the polarity of magnetic fields up to coronal heights as high as 10⁵ km in order to exploit depolarization as a density diagnostic.  相似文献   

Severe flooding along the eastern Adriatic coast: the case of 1 December 2008     

Iva Međugorac  Miroslava Pasarić  Mirko Orlić 《Ocean Dynamics》2015,65(6):817-830

  相似文献   

Adsorption Study of Arsenic Removal by Novel Hybrid Copper Impregnated Tufa Adsorbents in a Batch System          下载免费PDF全文

Zoran J. Bajić  Zlate S. Veličković  Veljko R. Djokić  Aleksandra A. Perić‐Grujić  Ovidiu Ersen  Petar S. Uskoković  Aleksandar D. Marinković 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(11):1477-1488

  相似文献   

The dangerous border of the 5:2 mean motion resonance     

Zoran Kne?evi?  Andrea Milani  Paolo Farinella 《Planetary and Space Science》1997,45(12):1581-1585

After discovering that asteroid (2953) Vysheslavia, a Koronis family member, has a typical dynamical lifetime of the order of 10 Myr only against “falling” into the 5:2 Kirkwood gap and ending up in a hyperbolic orbit (Milani and Farinella, 1995. Icarus 114, 209–212), we decided to repeat the same study for two other asteroids, 1991 UA₂ and 1993 FR₅₈, lying also very close to the outer edge of the same resonance. The orbital elements of these bodies were not yet accurate enough and we appealed to observers, both professional and amateur, to obtain more astrometric data. Eight groups in three different countries carried out observations, and as a result the Minor Planet Center could derive updated, accurate orbits for both objects. Here we report on the preliminary results of our study. Whereas the long-term behavior of 1991 UA₂ looks fairly regular and stable, 1993 FR₅₈ exhibits a typical “stable chaos” behavior; nevertheless, it does not end up in the resonance within a time span of 50 Myr. On the other hand, its fictitious clones, placed just 3–4 × 10⁻³ AU closer to the resonance, undergo large irregular semimajor axis changes, fall into the resonance and escape on a timescale <1 Myr.  相似文献   

Secular variations of major planets' orbital elements     

Zoran Knežević 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1986,38(2):123-138

The secular variations of the orbital elements of principal planets are calculated by means of classical Lagrange's method. The terms of the second order with respect to mass, introduced by Hill (1897) and Brouwer and van Woerkom (1950), have been taken into account as well. The best contemporary values of planetary masses and mean elements (Bretagnon, 1982) served as the starting data set for this calculation. Considerable differences with respect to previous solutions of the same type (Brouwer and van Woerkom, 1950: Sharaf and Boudnikova, 1967) were found in the coefficientsA ₅₅,A ₅₆, andA ₆₆ of the system of equations of variation of elements and in the roots (frequencies)r ₅ andr ₆. Results are compared with some higher order/higher degree solutions and their accuracy discussed. It is confirmed that the solutions like that of Brouwer and van Woerkom, although not being completely inferior to all higher order/higher degree ones, can be considered as the first approximation only. Hence, they should be replaced by more accurate ones (Duriez, 1979: Bretagnon, 1984: Laskar, 1984) in the future applications.  相似文献   

Capturing the multifaceted phenomena of socioeconomic vulnerability     

Linda Sorg  Neiler Medina  Daniel Feldmeyer  Arlex Sanchez  Zoran Vojinovic  Jörn Birkmann  Alessandra Marchese 《Natural Hazards》2018,92(1):257-282

Vulnerability and disaster risk assessment has been evaluated from different perspectives with focus on global or national scale. There is a lack of methodologies on city scale, which are able to capture inner-city disparities with regard to socioeconomic aspects. Therefore, the main objective was to develop a transparent and comprehensive indicator-based approach which is flexible in terms of data availability and is not tied to a specific case study side. This research proposes two flexible methodological approaches on how to perform socioeconomic vulnerability assessment. Susceptibility, Coping and Adaptation are the main elements of a modular hierarchical structure to capture the societal sphere of vulnerability. The first method is completely based on official census data at block scale. The second method is an expansion and includes data derived from a field survey to add components of risk perception. The proposed methodologies were developed and applied in the city of Genoa (Italy). The results are displayed spatially explicit on maps. Furthermore statistical analysis, to reveal the driving forces which influence vulnerability, was performed. The census-based approach revealed that vulnerability is forced along the river by the inherent susceptibility, as well as the lack of adaptation. The two approaches can be used effectively in gaining different insights. The flexibility of the framework proved to be suitable to the objective of the research. However, the values computed in this research do not claim completeness, and the aim was to provide useful information for stakeholders in decision making process to reduce vulnerability and risk.  相似文献   

Historical tsunamis in the Adriatic Sea     

M. Pasari?  B. Brizuela  L. Graziani  A. Maramai  M. Orli? 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(2):281-316

Tsunami activity in the Adriatic Sea from the sixteenth century until the present has been analysed with the ultimate goal to improve the European tsunami catalogue and provide data for a new geo-database of tsunami events in the European-Mediterranean region. The study encompasses twenty-seven events, nine on the western and eighteen on the eastern coast of the Adriatic, with special attention being devoted to contemporary sources and to local journals and newspapers. For all the analysed events, the path of information from coeval sources, through the nineteenth century and up to modern tsunami catalogues, has been constructed. Tsunamis on the western coast have already been studied, but to obtain a coherent picture of tsunamigenic activity in the Adriatic Sea, they have been included in this work. Furthermore, the study was extended to see whether they had propagated to the opposite coast. Most of the events on the eastern coast have now been systematically analysed for the first time. The search of bibliographical sources revealed three new reports on tsunamis on the eastern coast that had not been previously recorded in international publications. The study established that, out of the eighteen eastern Adriatic events, twelve can be considered false, while six were true tsunamis. In the last 600 years, fifteen true tsunami events occurred in the Adriatic. One was very strong, six were strong or rather strong, and eight were light tsunamis. As a final result of this analysis, carried out according to standardised criteria, fifteen Adriatic tsunami events will be inserted in the TRANSFER (Tsunami Risk ANd Strategies For the European Region) database for the European-Mediterranean region.  相似文献