Sediment yield and storage variations in the Négron River catchment (south western Parisian Basin,France) during the Holocene period     

Jean‐Jacques Macaire  Saïda Bellemlih  Christian Di‐Giovanni  Patrick De Luca  Lionel Visset  Jacques Bernard 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2002,27(9):991-1009

In the Négron River catchment area (162 km²), surface‐sediment stores are composed of periglacial calcareous ‘grèze’ (5 × 10⁶ t) and loess (21 × 10⁶ t), and Holocene alluvium (12·6 × 10⁶ t), peat (0·6 × 10⁶ t) and colluvium (18·5 × 10⁶ t). Seventy‐five per cent of the Holocene sediments is stored along the thalwegs. Present net sediment yield, calculated from solid discharge at the Négron outlet, is low (0·6 t km^?2 a^?1) due to the dominance of carbonate rocks in the catchment. Mean sediment yield during the Holocene period is 7·0 t km^?2 a^?1 from alluvium stores and 7·6 t km^?2 a^?1 from colluvium stores. Thus, the gross sediment yield during the Holocene period is about 18·7 t km^?2 a^?1 and the sediment delivery ratio 3 per cent. The yield considerably varies from one sub‐basin to another (3·9 to 24·5 t km^?2 a^?1) according to lithology: about 25 per cent and 50 per cent of initial stores of periglacial grèze and loess respectively were reworked during the Holocene period. Sediment yield has increased by a factor of 6 in the last 1000 years, due to the development of agriculture. The very high rate of sediment storage on the slope during that period (88 per cent of the yield) can be accounted for by the formation of cultivation steps (‘rideaux’). It is predicted that the current destruction of these steps will result in a sediment wave reaching the valley floors in the coming decades. Subboreal and Subatlantic sediments and pollen assemblages in the Taligny marsh, where one‐third of the alluvium is stored, show the predominant influence of human activity during these periods in the Négron catchment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

复杂介质结构中折射界面的哈格多恩原理波前成像   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

徐朝繁  张先康  朱金芳  段永红  田晓峰  潘纪顺 《地震地质》2002,24(4):542-548

在城市活断层探测中 ,浅层结构常常表现为强烈的非均匀性 ,界面横向强烈起伏 ,层内速度变化较大 ,传统的基于平界面均匀层模型的折射资料处理方法不能适用。研究开发能应用于复杂介质结构中折射资料处理的方法就显得十分必要。文中基于惠更斯原理 ,用波前扩张法对波场作正演计算 ,根据哈格多恩折射波前成像原理 ,在lecomte算法和Hole有限差分计算程序的基础上 ,开发出 1种复杂介质结构中折射资料的处理方法与软件 ,并用此方法处理了福州城市活断层折射探测试验中在义序完成的 2条折射剖面资料。结果表明 :探测区浅层为 3层结构 ,分别为盖层、强风化层和基岩。基岩顶界面的埋深约为 5 8～ 5 2m ,盖层P波速度变化较大  相似文献   

断裂构造的遥感研究方法综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

隋志龙  李德威  黄春霞 《地理与地理信息科学》2002,18(3):34-37,44

断裂构造是一种基本的构造型式。断裂构造遥感研究是高新探测技术与地球科学的有机结合 ,是断裂构造常规研究方法的有益补充和向纵深拓展的必然趋势。该文从总体思路、具体内容、操作方法等各个不同角度系统地论述了断裂构造遥感研究的现状和发展趋势 ,并在断裂构造信息提取、光谱特征分析、空间结构分析 (包括分形分析 )等方面提出了一些观点。  相似文献   

长江中下游晚中生代中基性岩的铅同位素特征:富集地幔的证据   总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33  

闫峻  陈江峰  喻钢  钱卉  周泰禧 《高校地质学报》2003,9(2):195-206

长江中下游东段庐枞、怀宁、繁昌、铜陵和宁芜地区的中基性岩属于碱性系列 ,具有高的U ,Th含量和Th/Pb ,U/Pb比值 ,分别平均为 2 .82× 10 -6,9.5 6× 10 -6和 0 .6 35 ,0 .184。样品的初始铅同位素 (130Ma)组成为 :(2 0 6Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=17.6 5～ 18.6 0 ,(2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=15 .4 2～ 15 .5 0 ,(2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=37.6 7～ 38.0 4。形成中基性岩的原始岩浆来源于富集的岩石圈地幔 ,具有EMⅠ和EMⅡ ,且以EMⅡ为主的特征。和长江中下游西段黄石地区以及大别地块西南部玄武岩的比较表明 ,长江中下游地区岩石圈地幔高的Th/Pb和U/Pb比值可能和俯冲板片析出流体的交代有关。晚中生代时期 ,华北板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅠ特征为主 ,华南板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅡ特征为主 ,岩石圈地幔性质的区域性分布与印支期扬子板块深俯冲事件密切相关。虽然中国东部新生代玄武岩因岩石圈大规模减薄表现了亏损特征 ,但残留的富集岩石圈地幔在中国东部新生代玄武岩的Pb同位素中仍有所反映  相似文献   

湘西北慈利大庸地区上震旦统—下寒武统沉积特征及层序地层划分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李忠雄  王剑  段太忠  高永华 《沉积与特提斯地质》2003,23(4):27-33

通过对各类层序界面的识别，以沉积特征、副层序和体系域与结构转换面等层序分析，进行露头层序地层学研究，将湘西北慈利—大庸地区台缘斜坡相区上震旦统—下寒武统划分为11个Ⅲ级层序，其中上震旦统7个、下寒武统4个，主要是Ⅱ型层序。在区域层序地层对比、分析的基础上初步讨论了露头层序地层分析中存在的问题。  相似文献   

长江源各拉丹冬地区三叠纪结扎群沉积特征及层序地层研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

牛志军  姚华舟  段其发  白云山  王建雄  卜建军  曾波夫 《华南地质与矿产》2003,(4):66-72

三叠纪结扎群分布于长江源各拉丹冬地区南北两侧，根据基本层序、沉积环境和层序界面特征，结扎群至少可划分出四个三级层序。沉积古地理格局显示出南浅北深的特点。南部靠近羌塘盆地中央隆起带，陆源物质供应丰富。北部雀莫错一带因远离中央隆起，陆源物质供应相对较少，以泥岩、灰岩为主，生物化石丰富，沉积环境以陆棚为主，在相对稳定的沉积水体中以双壳类、菊石类等生物群得以快速发展。  相似文献   

重油凝胶色谱制备样品中痕量镍的分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

朱玉霞许世科  陆婉珍 《岩矿测试》2003,22(2):129-133

研究表明微波密闭消解法对重油凝肢色谱制各样品的前处理，不造成易挥发有机金属化合物的损失，对样品无污染。采用消解前定容，配合石墨炉二次进样富集样品，可以测定样品中低至10^—9级的镍。方法应用于镍在渣油中随相对分子质量分布分析中，标准样品对照数据吻合好，相对标准偏差(RSD，n＝11)为8％。  相似文献   

相山铀矿田成矿机理研究   总被引：44，自引：2，他引：44  

范洪海  凌洪飞  王德滋  刘昌实  沈渭洲  姜耀辉 《铀矿地质》2003,19(4):208-213

本文重点研究了相山铀矿田的成矿时代及成矿环境 ,并剖析了典型矿床在垂向上物质成份的变化规律。研究结果表明 :相山矿田主要经历了两期铀矿化作用 ,第一期为铀 赤铁矿化阶段 ,成矿年龄为 1 1 5± 0 6Ma ;第二期为铀 萤石 水云母化阶段 ,成矿年龄为 99± 6Ma。两期成矿作用分别形成于不同的地质环境 ,第一期成矿作用主要与大规模火山塌陷及次火山岩侵位有关 ,第二期成矿作用则主要与因太平洋板块的松弛作用而形成的区域性伸展、裂解及中基性脉岩的活动有关。相山矿田的热液蚀变类型不仅在平面上存在东碱、西酸的演化趋势 ,而且在垂向上还存在上酸、下碱的演化规律。通过对相山矿田成矿机理的深入探讨 ,认为相山矿田是成矿元素多阶段富集、成矿热液多期叠加以及多种地质因素共同作用的产物。  相似文献   

New unspiked K–Ar ages of volcanic rocks of the central and western sector of the Aeolian Islands: reconstruction of the volcanic stages     

Rosanna De Rosa  Herv Guillou  Roberto Mazzuoli  Guido Ventura 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,120(3-4):161-178

A geochronological study of the Filicudi, Salina, Lipari and Vulcano Islands (Aeolian Archipelago) using the unspiked potassium–argon technique provides new age data which, combined with stratigraphic correlation, better constrain the temporal evolution of volcanism. The unspiked K–Ar age of the oldest exposed lavas on Filicudi, 219±5 ka, is significantly younger than the previous estimation of 1.02 Ma. In the general context of Aeolian volcanism, this new date suggests that the volcanism of the western sector of the Aeolian Archipelago is younger than previously thought. Geochronological data point out on the rapid transition from calc–alkaline to potassic volcanism. The distribution of the K–Ar ages within the Salina–Lipari–Vulcano group shows that the volcanism started on Lipari and propagated over time northward on Salina and southward on Vulcano. Geochronological and geophysical data suggest that the onset of volcanism in the central sector of the Aeolian Arc may be due to a mantle upwelling structure located below Lipari. A change in the style of the eruptions occurred in the Salina–Lipari–Vulcano system at about 100 ka from the present. Low-energy magmatic eruptions occurred between 188 and about 100 ka. From about 100 ka to the present, higher-energy eruptions and low-energy events due to magma–water interaction also occurred. This change in the style of activity, together with the appearance of evolved products (i.e. rhyolites) during the last 50 ka, is consistent with the formation of magmatic reservoirs located at shallower depth with respect to those of the 188–100-ka period. The new geochronological data and available petrological models reveal that a change in the deep source of the primary magmas occurred in a relatively short time interval.  相似文献   

Physical model for dynamic analysis of structures with FPS isolators     

Jos L. Almazn  Juan C. De la Llera 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(8):1157-1184

This article presents a physical model for frictional pendulum isolators (FPS) that is ready to be implemented in most commercial software. The model is capable of accounting for effects such as large deformations, sticking, and uplift and impact by sensing the normal loads in the isolators through a gap element. Sticking has been incorporated into the model by extending the Park–Wen hysteretic model to the case of large deformations. The proposed model has been tested against a theoretically ‘exact’ formulation leading to essentially identical results. To facilitate its use, the physical FPS model has been cast into a typical non‐linear structural element format, i.e. with deformation as input and restoring force as output. Examples of a building and a bridge have been chosen to show the potential of the element and to provide further insight into the earthquake response of structures with FPS isolators; in particular, in aspects such as the orientation in placement of the isolator, sticking, P? Δ, and other large deformation effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献