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排序方式: 共有183条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Nicolas Biver Dominique Bockelée-Morvan Jacques Crovisier Alain Lecacheux Gabriel Paubert Matthew Sumner Åke Hjalmarson Anders Winnberg Aage Sandqvist 《Icarus》2007,187(1):253-271
Comet 9P/Tempel 1 was the target of a multi-wavelength worldwide investigation in 2005. The NASA Deep Impact mission reached the comet on 4.24 July 2005, delivering a 370-kg impactor which hit the comet at 10.3 km s−1. Following this impact, a cloud of gas and dust was excavated from the comet nucleus. The comet was observed in 2005 prior to and after the impact, at 18-cm wavelength with the Nançay radio telescope, in the millimeter range with the IRAM and CSO radio telescopes, and at 557 GHz with the Odin satellite. OH observations at Nançay provided a 4-month monitoring of the outgassing of the comet from March to June, followed by the observation of H2O with Odin from June to August 2005. The peak of outgassing was found to be around between May and July. Observations conducted with the IRAM 30-m radio telescope in May and July 2005 resulted in detections of HCN, CH3OH and H2S with classical abundances relative to water (0.12, 2.7 and 0.5%, respectively). In addition, a variation of the HCN production rate with a period of 1.73±0.10 days was observed in May 2005, consistent with the 1.7-day rotation period of the nucleus. The phase of these variations, as well as those of CN seen in July by Jehin et al. [Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Hutsemékers, D., Cochran, A.L., Arpigny, C., Jackson, W.M., Rauer, H., Schulz, R., Zucconi, J.-M., 2006. Astrophys. J. 641, L145-L148], is consistent with a rotation period of the nucleus of 1.715 days and a strong variation of the outgassing activity by a factor 3 from minimum to maximum. This also implies that the impact took place on the rising phase of the “natural” outgassing which reached its maximum ≈4 h after the impact. Post-impact observations at IRAM and CSO did not reveal a significant change of the outgassing rates and relative abundances, with the exception of CH3OH which may have been more abundant by up to one order of magnitude in the ejecta. Most other variations are linked to the intrinsic variability of the comet. The Odin satellite monitored nearly continuously the H2O line at 557 GHz during the 38 h following the impact on the 4th of July, in addition to weekly monitoring. Once the periodic variations related to the nucleus rotation are removed, a small increase of outgassing related to the impact is present, which corresponds to the release of ≈5000±2000 tons of water. Two other bursts of activity, also observed at other wavelengths, were seen on 23 June and 7 July; they correspond to even larger releases of gas. 相似文献
42.
Focal-ratio degradation (FRD) of light launched into high-numerical aperture (NA) single-annulus all-silica undoped air-clad fibres at an NA of 0.54 is reported. The measured annular light distribution remained Gaussian after 30 m of propagation, but the angular FWHM of the output annulus doubled from 4° after 1 m propagation to 8.5° after 30 m, which is significantly larger than that reported of standard doped-silica fibres (NA < 0.22). No significant diffractive effects were observed. The design of air-clad fibres for broad-band, high-NA astrophotonics applications is discussed. 相似文献
43.
湿碱消解-等离子体发射光谱法测定海洋沉积物中的生物硅 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
利用湿碱式化学提取技术和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,优化样品碱式消解方法,确定仪器最佳工作条件,建立了测定海洋沉积物中不同含量级别生物硅的方法。结果表明,仪器检出限为0.724μmol/L,方法检出限为0.942μmol/L。用于测定硅酸盐-硅溶液成分分析国家一级标准物质(GBW08648和GBW 08649,标准值分别为50.0μmol/L和100.0μmol/L),测定值分别为(49.888±0.275)μmol/L、(99.578±0.651)μmol/L,相对标准偏差为0.443%、0.527%;对于不同生物硅含量级别海洋沉积物样品的平行、独立测量,其相对标准偏差8.9%。方法快速、简便、准确,可满足古海洋学不同时空尺度气候和环境分析的应用。 相似文献
44.
Stream-water samples were collected during a 4-year-period in twosmall streams, one whose catchment was ditched for forestry halfway through the sampling period and another nearby reference stream whose catchment was not ditched during this period. The main aim was to study the impact of forest ditching on stream-water quality. Whereas the artificial drainage did not change the hydrograph pattern, it had a large effect on stream hydrochemistry: the concentrations of suspended material, Mn, Ca, Mg and Al increased, theconcentrations of total organic carbon decreased, and pH increased by approximately one unit, from an average of 4.4 to 5.4. The increase in suspended material, Mn and Al concentrations is explainedby the physical mobilisation of mineral particulates/colloids from mineral soils (till) exposed on the ditch slopes beneath the peat layer, while the increase in Ca and Mg loads is explained by the release of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in exchange reactions in this same soil layer. The increase in pH and decrease in TOC concentrations after ditching are related to changes in hydrological flow paths in the catchments, and most likely to immobilisation of both hydrogen ions and humic substances in the near neutral till horizon exposed beneath the peat layer. Only the aquatic abundance of Fewas not significantly affected by the ditching. 相似文献
45.
论沙粒两种起动关系与沙粒跃移的双重性 总被引:2,自引:8,他引:2
研究沙粒两种起动关系是深入认识沙粒两种起动效能的继续和发展。文章分析了沙粒两种起动的不同性质,首次把流体起动界定为风蚀性起动,把跃移质冲击起动界定为置换性起动。认为流体起动具有主动分异性,而冲击起动只有随机分异性。根据这些特性对沙粒两种起动效能和沙粒连续移动提出了新义。认为沙粒跃移具有双重性,跃移质有其冲击地表的一面,也有其大量耗能的一面。沙粒两种起动具有兴衰与共的不可分割关系。地表风蚀是沙粒两种起动优势互补相互促进的结果;而地表堆积有时是跃移质耗能过多引起两种起动互相制约的结果。通过多方论证,将沙粒两种起动效能之由传统的19:1,初步改为4:1乃至3:1。 相似文献
46.
Water Discharges Determined From Sediment Distributions: A Palaeohydrological Method 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The article presents a simple sediment deposition model, based on current knowledge of the processes of transport and deposition of suspended material. It indicates possibilities of interpreting flow conditions from grain-size distributions at two localities, situated along the water flowline. The model reveals new information on ancient hydrological and sedimentological processes and events. Previously the model has been applied to forecast trap efficiency of reservoirs and predict reservoir sedimentation. In this study the model is used as a palaeohydrological method in studies of annual varves.
In varve geochronology a major attention has been paid to varve correlations and varve thickness variations, whereas other sedimentological data have been more or less disregarded. In this article new information on the spatial distribution of particle sizes demonstrate that further knowledge can be gained by careful studies of the patterns of grain-size distributions.
Annual variations in water discharges during late glacial time were studied in the Indalsälven and Dalälven valleys in Sweden. Water discharges during the deglaciation seem to have been of the same order of magnitude as in present-day rivers during normal years. During some years catastrophic events occurred, resulting in exceptional water discharges. The magnitudes of these discharges were estimated, and drainage directions were established. It appears from the studies that there are promising prospects of finding out both the magnitude and frequency of processes that until now have been described only in qualitative terms. 相似文献
In varve geochronology a major attention has been paid to varve correlations and varve thickness variations, whereas other sedimentological data have been more or less disregarded. In this article new information on the spatial distribution of particle sizes demonstrate that further knowledge can be gained by careful studies of the patterns of grain-size distributions.
Annual variations in water discharges during late glacial time were studied in the Indalsälven and Dalälven valleys in Sweden. Water discharges during the deglaciation seem to have been of the same order of magnitude as in present-day rivers during normal years. During some years catastrophic events occurred, resulting in exceptional water discharges. The magnitudes of these discharges were estimated, and drainage directions were established. It appears from the studies that there are promising prospects of finding out both the magnitude and frequency of processes that until now have been described only in qualitative terms. 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
Zusammenfassung Aus Anschliffbildern von Kohleproben und analogen Erscheinungsformen bei Gesteinsklüften wird zur Frage des mechanischen Charakters der bankrechten Schlechten Stellung genommen.Weiterhin werden verschiedene Entstehungsursachen bankschräger, streichender Trennflächen in Kohle und Nebengestein diskutiert und der Zeitpunkt ihres Aufreißens im Ablauf des Faltungsvorganges festgelegt.
Vertical jointing within the Carboniferous of the Subvariscean Foredeep are analyzed mechanically and, in relation to the general deformation of the belt.
Resumé D'après des sections polies d'échantillons de houille et des formes analogues dans les fissures de roches, les auteurs déterminent le caractère mécanique des cassures orthogonales.Ensuite ils discutend plusieurs causes de formation des plans de séparations obliques dans la houille et les roches encaissantes et fixent le moment de leur formation dans le cours du plissement.
. , .相似文献
50.