A Monte Carlo Simulation of the H+ Polar Wind: Effect of Velocity Distributions with Kappa Suprathermal Tails     

I.A. Barghouthi  V. Pierrard  A.R. Barakat  J. Lemaire 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,277(3):427-436

A Monte Carlo simulation is used to study the effects of Kappa H⁺distributions in the polar wind. We consider the gravity, the polarization electric field, the divergence of geomagnetic field lines and Coulomb collisions of H⁺ in a background of O⁺ ions. The aim is to study the consequences of a velocity distribution function with an enhanced high energy tail instead of a Maxwellian distribution as assumed in earlier Monte Carlo simulations. The transformation of the velocity distribution function of H⁺ ions as a function of the altitude is presented. Effects resulting from the acceleration of the particles by the polarization electric field and from Coulomb collisions depend on the energy of the particles. Coulomb collisions mainly affect low energy particles while high energy particles are more efficiently accelerated by the upward directed ambipolar electric field. The combination of both effects results in double-hump velocity distribution functions developing in the transition region. We study consequences of suprathermal tails distributions on the shape of the double-hump and on the moments of the velocity distribution function. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

NETPATH-WIN: An interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

El-Kadi AI  Plummer LN  Aggarwal P 《Ground water》2011,49(4):593-599

NETPATH‐WIN is an interactive user version of NETPATH, an inverse geochemical modeling code used to find mass‐balance reaction models that are consistent with the observed chemical and isotopic composition of waters from aquatic systems. NETPATH‐WIN was constructed to migrate NETPATH applications into the Microsoft WINDOWS® environment. The new version facilitates model utilization by eliminating difficulties in data preparation and results analysis of the DOS version of NETPATH, while preserving all of the capabilities of the original version. Through example applications, the note describes some of the features of NETPATH‐WIN as applied to adjustment of radiocarbon data for geochemical reactions in groundwater systems.  相似文献   

Distribution and characteristics of PAHs in sediments from the Mediterranean coastal environment of Egypt   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Assem O. Barakat  Alaa Mostafa  Stephen T. Sweet 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(9):1969-1978

To assess the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Mediterranean coastal environment of Egypt, 26 sediment samples from the coastline, harbours, estuaries and coastal lakes were collected and analyzed. The sediment PAH concentrations of thirty-nine 2-6 ring PAHs ranged from 13.5 to 22,600 ng/g. PAH profiles varied according to the nature of the site and its proximity to sources. Industrialized and urbanized region showed high level of PAHs contamination. In general, the contamination levels of PAHs were similar to those observed in contaminated and slightly contaminated sediments of the Mediterranean Sea. Molecular indices based on ratios of selected PAH concentrations were used to differentiate PAHs from pyrogenic and petrogenic and mixed origins. Good correlations were observed between the petrogenic index, MP/P, A-PAHs/P-PAHs and HMW/LMW. Finally, PAH levels in sediments were compared with Sediments Quality Guidelines (ERM-ERL) for evaluation of probable toxic effects on organism.  相似文献   

Taphonomic and diagenetic aspects of the Late Cretaceous Libycoceras ismaeli (Zittel) from Northern Jordan     

Mahmoud A. Galmed  Mohamed F. Aly  Ahmed Smadi  G. Hassan Abu Azzam 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(2):573-583

Taphonomy and diagenesis of the ammonoid Libycoceras ismaeli (Zittel) have been approached in order to interpret the post-mortem depositional history during the Late Cretaceous of Jordan based on the comparative analysis of composition and taphonomy. The Campanian–Maastrichtian Al-Hisa Phosphorite Formation is exposed in northwestern and central Jordan is rich in cephalopods. It consists of alternating thin-bedded limestone, more or less silicified or calcified phosphorite layers, thick- and cross-bedded oyster lumachells, and lenses and layers of minable phosphate. The sphenodiscid ammonite L. ismaeli (Zittel) predominantly occurs in the middle part of this formation. L. ismaeli is associated with different nautiloid and baculitid species. The mode of occurrence of the studied ammonoids suggesting that they are best interpreted to been nektobenthic, not nektoplanktic. Taphonomic and diagenetic studies of transversely sliced specimens were carried out by means of polarizing and scanning electron microscope.  相似文献   

Assessment of persistent organochlorine pollutants in sediments from Lake Manzala, Egypt   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Barakat AO  Mostafa A  Wade TL  Sweet ST  El Sayed NB 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(8):1713-1720

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in surface and core sediment samples collected from Manzala Lake, the largest of the Egyptian coastal lakes. Total concentrations of OCPs and ∑7 PCBs (ICES) in sediments ranged from 0.63 to 31.31 ng/g and 0.26 to 31.27 ng/g, respectively. Geographical distribution indicates that levels of contaminants were significantly higher in areas which are mainly influenced by municipal discharge, indicating significant sources of these compounds in urbanised areas. The composition of DDT and its metabolites suggest old input of DDT. The levels of contaminants in Manzala Lake were similar or lower than those observed in comparable areas worldwide. The profiles of ∑OCPs and ∑PCBs in a core from a site heavily impacted by sewage discharge have highest concentrations in the surface core section indicating recent inputs. Assessment of ecotoxicological risk indicated that sediments in two sites were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.  相似文献   

Transpressive Structures in the Ghadir Shear Belt,Eastern Desert,Egypt: Evidence for Partitioning of Oblique Convergence in the Arabian‐Nubian Shield during Gondwana Agglutination     

Mohamed ABD EL-WAHED  Samir KAMH  Mahmoud ASHMAWY  Aly SHEBL 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(6):1614-1646

Transpressional deformation has played an important role in the late Neoproterozoic evolution of the ArabianNubian Shield including the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The Ghadir Shear Belt is a 35 km-long, NW-oriented brittleductile shear zone that underwent overall sinistral transpression during the Late Neoproterozoic. Within this shear belt, strain is highly partitioned into shortening, oblique, extensional and strike-slip structures at multiple scales. Moreover, strain partitioning is heterogeneous along-strike giving rise to three distinct structural domains. In the East Ghadir and Ambaut shear belts, the strain is pure-shear dominated whereas the narrow sectors parallel to the shear walls in the West Ghadir Shear Zone are simple-shear dominated. These domains are comparable to splay-dominated and thrust-dominated strike-slip shear zones. The kinematic transition along the Ghadir shear belt is consistent with separate strike-slip and thrustsense shear zones. The earlier fabric(S1), is locally recognized in low strain areas and SW-ward thrusts. S2 is associated with a shallowly plunging stretching lineation(L2), and defines ～NW-SE major upright macroscopic folds in the East Ghadir shear belt. F2 folds are superimposed by ～NNW–SSE tight-minor and major F3 folds that are kinematically compatible with sinistral transpressional deformation along the West Ghadir Shear Zone and may represent strain partitioning during deformation. F2 and F3 folds are superimposed by ENE–WSW gentle F4 folds in the Ambaut shear belt. The sub-parallelism of F3 and F4 fold axes with the shear zones may have resulted from strain partitioning associated with simple shear deformation along narrow mylonite zones and pure shear-dominant deformation in fold zones. Dextral ENEstriking shear zones were subsequently active at ca. 595 Ma, coeval with sinistral shearing along NW-to NNW-striking shear zones. The occurrence of upright folds and folds with vertical axes suggests that transpression plays a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the Ghadir shear belt. Oblique convergence may have been provoked by the buckling of the Hafafit gneiss-cored domes and relative rotations between its segments. Upright folds, fold with vertical axes and sinistral strike-slip shear zones developed in response to strain partitioning. The West Ghadir Shear Zone contains thrusts and strikeslip shear zones that resulted from lateral escape tectonics associated with lateral imbrication and transpression in response to oblique squeezing of the Arabian-Nubian Shield during agglutination of East and West Gondwana.  相似文献   

Applicability of Sharp-Interface Models for NAPL Transport: 1. Infiltration     

Aly I. El-Kadi 《Ground water》1992,30(6):849-856

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The effect of intrinsic model noise upon resistivity inversion     

Richard Barakat  Charles H. Stoyer 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,119(4):841-853

Model uncertainty is introduced into direct-current resistivity data by adding random changes to layer thicknesses in a ten-layer model. The resulting information is then aliased by generating a sounding curve which contains less information than the ten resistivities and nine thicknesses. These sounding curves are then inverted via the Backus-Gilbert algorithm using singular value decomposition to obtain solutions in terms of simpler two-or three-layer models. Quantitative results confirm what has been known qualitatively for many years as the principle of equivalence. An interesting result is that the geometric average of a given suite of noisy models is virtually identical to the best-fit model for the average of the noisy curves. The results show that the inversion of resistivity data by nonlinear least-squares parameter fitting is stable in the sense that noise in the data inverts to the same magnitude of noise in the model.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Molecular Paleosalinity Indicators: Chromans, Tocopherols and C20 Isoprenoid Thiophenes in Miocene Lake Sediments (Nördlinger Ries, Southern Germany)     

Assem O. Barakat  Jürgen Rullkötter 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1997,3(2):169-190

Distributions of alkylated chromans and C20 isoprenoid thiophenes were investigated in four organic-matter- and sulfur-rich black shales of Miocene age deposited in the ancient crater lake of the Nördlinger Ries (southern Germany), a meteorite impact crater. Paleosalinity parameters based on these compound classes generally confirm sedimentological evidence of increased salinity over certain periods of the lake's history, but the data from both groups of compounds are not consistent. Diagenetically related molecular constituents were therefore studied to estimate the sensitivity of these parameters. The influence of thiolanes on the isoprenoid thiophene parameter was found to be low, whereas too little is known at present about the origin and diagenetic fate of alkylated chromans to conclude definitely that an alkylated chroman paleosalinity parameter can reliably be applied to a wide range of depositional settings.  相似文献   

Book review     

Emile A. Okal  Jeremy Bloxham  Barry Parsons  Leszek Czechowski  L. Czechowski  S. J. Gibowicz  Ursula B. Marvin  Richard Barakat  Jan Błęcki  Roberto Legnani  Stephen Warren 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,127(1):161-180

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