Geological structure and kinematics of normal faults in the Otway Basin,Australia, based on quantitative analysis of 3‐D seismic reflection data          下载免费PDF全文

Jennifer Ziesch  Chiara M. Aruffo  David C. Tanner  Thies Beilecke  Tess Dance  Andreas Henk  Bastian Weber  Eric Tenthorey  Andrea Lippmann  Charlotte M. Krawczyk 《Basin Research》2017,29(2):129-148

The Otway Basin in the south of Victoria, Australia underwent three phases of deformation during breakup of the southern Australian margin. We assess the geometry and kinematics of faulting in the basin by analysing a 3‐D reflection seismic volume. Eight stratigraphic horizons and 24 SW‐dipping normal faults as well as subordinate antithetic faults were interpreted. This resulted in a high‐resolution geological 3‐D model (ca. 8 km × 7 km × 4 km depth) that we present as a supplementary 3‐D PDF (Data S1). We identified hard‐ and soft‐linking fault connections over the entire area, such as antithetic faults and relay ramps, respectively. Most major faults were continuously active from Early to Late Cretaceous, with two faults in the northern part of the study area active until at least the Oligocene. Allan maps of faults show tectonic activity continuously waned over this time period. Isopach maps of stratigraphic volumes quantify the amount of syn‐sedimentary movement that is characteristic of passive margins, such as the Otway Basin. We show that the faults possess strong corrugations (with amplitudes above the seismic resolution), which we illustrated by novel techniques, such as cylindricity and curvature. We argue that the corrugations are produced by sutures between sub‐vertical fault segments and this morphology was maintained during fault growth. Thus, they can be used to indicate the kinematics vector of the fault movement. This evidences, together with left‐stepping relay ramps, that 40% of the faults had a small component (up to 25°) of dextral oblique slip as well as normal (dip‐slip) movement.  相似文献   

CGSG系列标准物质元素分馏效应及主量微量元素单元内均匀性探究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

吴石头  王亚平  詹秀春  Andreas Kronz  Klaus Simon  许春雪  田欢 《岩矿测试》2016,35(6):612-620

探究CGSG系列标准物质(CGSG-1、CGSG-2、CGSG-4、CGSG-5)的元素分馏效应及均匀性问题有助于开展其质量评估和应用推广。本文采用电子探针(EMPA)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)研究了CGSG标准物质中的元素分馏效应、主量和微量元素单元内均匀性,并报道了主量和微量元素分析数据。结果表明,在50μm激光束斑下,CGSG系列标准物质的元素分馏效应可忽略不计。EMPA均匀性指数结果显示,CGSG标准物质主量元素的单元内均匀性满足要求;以MPI-DING标准物质为参照,LA-ICP-MS测试CGSG标准物质中的大多数微量元素的单元内均匀性良好。与已报道的数据相比,本文报道的EMPA主量元素数据偏差在2%以内;LA-ICP-MS主量元素数据偏差在5%以内,微量元素数据基本匹配,少数元素由于分析不确定度较大等原因,如Cr、Ge、Cd、As、Tl等与已报道数据偏差较大。总体上,本文报道的分析数据可为CGSG定值数据库提供进一步的补充。  相似文献   

Identification and assessment of groundwater flow and storage components of the relict Schöneben Rock Glacier,Niedere Tauern Range,Eastern Alps (Austria)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gerfried Winkler  Thomas Wagner  Marcus Pauritsch  Steffen Birk  Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer  Ralf Benischke  Albrecht Leis  Rainer Morawetz  Marcellus G. Schreilechner  Stefan Hergarten 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(4):937-953

More than 2,600 relict rock glaciers are known in the Austrian Alps but the knowledge of their hydraulic properties is severely limited. The relict Schöneben Rock Glacier (Niedere Tauern Range, Austria), with an extension of 0.17 km², was investigated based on spring data (2006–2014) and seismic refraction survey. Spring-discharge hydrographs and natural and artificial tracer data suggest a heterogeneous aquifer with a layered internal structure for the relict rock glacier. The discharge behavior exhibits a fast and a delayed flow component. The spring discharge responds to recharge events within a few hours but a mean residence time of several months can also be observed. The internal structure of the rock glacier (up to several tens of meters thick) consists of: an upper blocky layer with a few meters of thickness, which lacks fine-grained sediments; a main middle layer with coarse and finer-grained sediments, allowing for fast flow; and an approximately 10-m-thick basal till layer as the main aquifer body responsible for the base flow. The base-flow component is controlled by (fine) sandy to silty sediments with low hydraulic conductivity and high storage capacity, exhibiting a difference in hydraulic conductivity to the upper layer of about three orders of magnitude. The high storage capacity of relict rock glaciers has an impact on water resources management in alpine catchments and potentially regulates the risk of natural hazards such as floods and related debris flows. Thus, the results highlight the importance of such aquifer systems in alpine catchments.  相似文献   

A new lithostratigraphic scheme for the Schinznach Formation (upper part of the Muschelkalk Group of northern Switzerland)     

Johannes S. Pietsch  Andreas Wetzel  Peter Jordan 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2016,109(2):285-307

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The middle to late Triassic Bänkerjoch and Klettgau formations of northern Switzerland     

Peter Jordan  Johannes S. Pietsch  Hansruedi Bläsi  Heinz Furrer  Nicole Kündig  Nathan Looser  Andreas Wetzel  Gaudenz Deplazes 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2016,109(2):257-284

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Surface passivation model explains pyrite oxidation kinetics in column experiments with up to 11 bars <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>(O<Subscript>2</Subscript>)     

Marton Berta  Frank Dethlefsen  Markus Ebert  Karsten Gundske  Andreas Dahmke 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(16):1175

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Holocene ice dynamics and bottom-water formation associated with Cape Darnley polynya activity recorded in Burton Basin,East Antarctica     

Andreas Borchers  Elisabeth Dietze  Gerhard Kuhn  Oliver Esper  Ines Voigt  Kai Hartmann  Bernhard Diekmann 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2016,37(1):49-70

A multi-proxy study including sedimentological, mineralogical, biogeochemical and micropaleontological methods was conducted on sediment core PS69/849-2 retrieved from Burton Basin, MacRobertson Shelf, East Antarctica. The goal of this study was to depict the deglacial and Holocene environmental history of the MacRobertson Land–Prydz Bay region. A special focus was put on the timing of ice-sheet retreat and the variability of bottom-water formation due to sea ice formation through the Holocene. Results from site PS69/849-2 provide the first paleo-environmental record of Holocene variations in bottom-water production probably associated to the Cape Darnley polynya, which is the second largest polynya in the Antarctic. Methods included end-member modeling of laser-derived high-resolution grain size data to reconstruct the depositional regimes and bottom-water activity. The provenance of current-derived and ice-transported material was reconstructed using clay-mineral and heavy-mineral analysis. Conclusions on biogenic production were drawn by determination of biogenic opal and total organic carbon. It was found that the ice shelf front started to retreat from the site around 12.8 ka BP. This coincides with results from other records in Prydz Bay and suggests warming during the early Holocene optimum next to global sea level rise as the main trigger. Ice-rafted debris was then supplied to the site until 5.5 cal. ka BP, when Holocene global sea level rise stabilized and glacial isostatic rebound on MacRobertson Land commenced. Throughout the Holocene, three episodes of enhanced bottom-water activity probably due to elevated brine rejection in Cape Darnley polynya occured between 11.5 and 9 cal. ka BP, 5.6 and 4.5 cal. ka BP and since 1.5 cal. ka BP. These periods are related to shifts from warmer to cooler conditions at the end of Holocene warm periods, in particular the early Holocene optimum, the mid-Holocene warm period and at the beginning of the neoglacial. In contrast, between 7.7 and 6.7 cal. ka BP, brine rejection shut down, maybe owed to warm conditions and pronounced open-water intervals.  相似文献   

Phase relations of phlogopite and pyroxene with magnesite from 4 to 8 GPa: KCMAS–H2O and KCMAS–H2O–CO2     

Andreas Enggist  Robert W. Luth 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,171(11):88

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A Two-Day Case Study: Comparison of Turbulence Data from an Unmanned Aircraft System with a Model Chain for Complex Terrain     

zum Berge  Kjell  Schoen  Martin  Mauz  Moritz  Platis  Andreas  van Kesteren  Bram  Leukauf  Daniel  El Bahlouli  Asmae  Letzgus  Patrick  Knaus  Hermann  Bange  Jens 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2021,180(1):53-78

The airborne measurement platform MASC-3 (Multi-Purpose Airborne Sensor Carrier) is used for measurements over a forested escarpment in the Swabian Alps to evaluate the wind field. Data from flight legs between 20 and 200 m above the ground on two consecutive days with uphill (westerly) flow in September 2018 are analyzed. In the lowest 140 m above the ground a speed-up is found with increased turbulence and changes in wind direction directly over the escarpment, whereas in the lowest 20 to 50 m above the ground a deceleration of the flow is measured. Additionally, simulation results from a numerical model chain based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and an OpenFOAM (Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation) model, developed for complex terrain, are compared to the data captured by MASC-3. The models and measurements compare well for the mean wind speed and inclination angle.

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Correction to: Characterization,modeling, and remediation of karst in a changing environment     

Zexuan Xu  Nicolas Massei  Ingrid Padilla  Andreas Hartmann  Bill Hu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(15):560

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