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171.
Marco Murru Concetta Ferrara Stefania Da Pelo Angelo Ibba 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(2):227-238
The Palaeocene of southern Sardinia includes a continental ferruginous sedimentation, with a high content of Al and Fe, indicative of a subhumid tropical climate. The subsequent microcodium carbonated detrital microcodium levels, containing an abundant quartzose fraction, rather suggest semiarid conditions. In SW Sardinia, the marine deposits, referred to Late Thanetian–Lower Ypresian (=Ilerdian) times, are limestones including larger foraminifers and contain significant amounts of quartz. A lower content of detrital kaolinite points a sediment source from the surrounding areas with a semiarid climate. The occurrence, at the top of this unit, of small trochospiral rotaliids and larger amount of detrital kaolinite suggests a transition to a rainy tropical climate in the adjacent areas. These limestones pass gradually to carbonate sediments characterized by large amounts of detrital kaolinite and intercalated coal layers, with pollen of tropical palms, attributed to the Late Ypresian (=Cuisian)–Early Lutetian and referred to a humid-subhumid tropical climate. 相似文献
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Germn Bayona Mauricio Baquero Catalina Ramírez Manuela Tabares Ana M. Salazar Giovanny Nova Edward Duarte Andrs Pardo Angelo Plata Carlos Jaramillo Guillermo Rodríguez Victor Caballero Agustín Cardona Camilo Montes Sebastin Gmez Marulanda Andrs L. Crdenas‐Rozo 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):809-845
The onset of deformation in the northern Andes is overprinted by subsequent stages of basin deformation, complicating the examination of competing models illustrating potential location of earliest synorogenic basins and uplifts. To establish the width of the earliest northern Andean orogen, we carried out field mapping, palynological dating, sedimentary, stratigraphic and provenance analyses in Campanian to lower Eocene units exposed in the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (Cocuy region) and compare the results with coeval succession in adjacent basins. The onset of deformation is recorded in earliest Maastrichtian time, as terrigenous detritus arrived into the basin marking the end of chemical precipitation and the onset of clastic deposition produced by the uplift of a western source area dominated by shaly Cretaceous rocks. Disconformable contacts within the upper Maastrichtian to middle Palaeocene succession document increasing supply of quartzose sandy detritus from Cretaceous quartzose rocks exposed in eastern source areas. The continued unroofing of both source areas produced a rapid shift in depositional environments from shallow marine in Maastrichtian to fluvial‐lacustrine systems during the Palaeocene‐early Eocene. Supply of immature Jurassic sandstones from nearby western uplifts, together with localized plutonic and volcanic Cretaceous rocks, caused a shift in Palaeocene sandstones composition from quartzarenites to litharenites. Supply of detrital sandy fragments, unstable heavy minerals and Cretaceous to Ordovician detrital zircons, were derived from nearby uplifted blocks and from SW fluvial systems within the synorogenic basin, instead of distal basement rocks. The presence of volcanic rock fragments and 51–59 Ma volcanic zircons constrain magmatism within the basin. The Maastrichtian–Palaeocene sequence studied here documents crustal deformation that correlates with coeval deformation farther south in Ecuador and Peru. Slab flattening of the subducting Caribbean plate produced a wider orogen (>400 km) with a continental magmatic arc and intra‐basinal deformation and magmatism. 相似文献
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177.
Building damage scenarios based on exploitation of Housner intensity derived from finite faults ground motion simulations 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Leonardo Chiauzzi Angelo Masi Marco Mucciarelli Marco Vona Francesca Pacor Giovanna Cultrera Frantisek Gallovič Antonio Emolo 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(2):517-545
In this paper earthquake damage scenarios for residential buildings (about 4200 units) in Potenza (Southern Italy) have been
estimated adopting a novel probabilistic approach that involves complex source models, site effects, building vulnerability
assessment and damage estimation through Damage Probability Matrices. Several causative faults of single seismic events, with
magnitude up to 7, are known to be close to the town. A seismic hazard approach based on finite faults ground motion simulation
techniques has been used to identify the sources producing the maximum expected ground motion at Potenza and to generate a
set of ground motion time histories to be adopted for building damage scenarios. Additionally, site effects, evaluated in
a previous work through amplification factors of Housner intensity, have been combined with the bedrock values provided by
hazard assessment. Furthermore, a new relationship between Housner and EMS-98 macroseismic intensity has been developed. This
relationship has been used to convert the probability mass functions of Housner intensity obtained from synthetic seismograms
amplified by the site effects coefficients into probability mass function of EMS-98 intensity. Finally, the Damage Probability
Matrices have been applied to estimate the damage levels of the residential buildings located in the urban area of Potenza.
The proposed methodology returns the full probabilistic distribution of expected damage, thus avoiding average damage index
or uncertainties expressed in term of dispersion indexes. 相似文献
178.
Mariano Angelo Zanini Lorenzo Hofer Flora Faleschini Carlo Pellegrino 《Natural Hazards》2017,86(3):1247-1273
A tornado with severe intensity hit the municipalities of Pianiga, Dolo and Mira close to Venice, northeast Italy, causing damages on a wide number of residential and industrial buildings and destroying some historical villas. In this study, the authors show the results of the damage assessment survey performed in the first days after the occurrence of the extreme event. Limited literature deals with damage assessment of European building types due to wind actions, and the available one does not consider building vulnerability as key factor in the structural response of existing structures subject to tornado hazard. In this paper, structural damages surveyed in reinforced concrete frame structures and masonry buildings, representative of common Italian building types, are critically discussed. Additionally, this work provides a database of past tornado events in northeast Italy, evidencing how the analyzed area has been found to be quite prone to tornado hazard. 相似文献
179.
Stefania EVANGELISTA Mustafa S.ALTINAKAR Cristiana DI CRISTO Angelo LEOPARDI 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(3):269-284
This paper presents the application of the multi-stage first-order centered scheme GMUSTA to solve a two-phase flow model with four equations for simulating dam-break floods without and with sediment transport.Computation of generalized Riemann invariants can be particularly complex and costly in simulating dam-break floods with sediment transport.GMUSTA numerical scheme,which does not require complete knowledge of the eigenstructure of the hyperbolic mathematical model,offers a suitable and attractive option.The quality of the dam-break flood simulations with GMUSTA scheme is verified by comparing the results against laboratory tests and some experimental data available in the literature,on fixed and mobile bed conditions,with different bed materials and flush or stepped bottoms.The numerical results reproduce quite well the experimental evidence,proving that the model is capable of predicting the temporal evolution of the free-surface and the bed.The GMUSTA scheme,which is not only simple to implement but also both accurate and computationally efficient,is proposed as an appropriate tool for integrating non-equilibrium sediment-transport models. 相似文献
180.
The town of Orvieto, located on the Rock of the same name, is an example of “vulnerable town”; problems of slope instability
connected with the lithological and morphological characteristics of the Rock have been thoroughly examined and discussed
during previous research studies. Hydrogeochemical data about groundwater recharging the springs present in the area were
never taken into account. Pollution of the springs is well known but still occurs for unclear reasons. The aim of this work
is therefore to present the results of a hydrogeological and geochemical investigation of all the springs along the slopes
of Orvieto hill and at the foot of the tuffaceous Rock, to characterize the groundwater flow paths and to suggest a possible
source of contamination. The research study was carried out during three hydrogeochemical surveys in the years 1998–1999,
2003–2004, and 2007–2008. 相似文献