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Anton McLachlan 《Marine environmental research》1982,6(1):37-47
Exposed sandy beaches filter huge volumes of sea water daily as a result of wave and tide action. A regression model is developed which predicts the volume of water filtered daily by a beach as a function of tide range, beach slope and sand particle size. From these parameters estimates are also made of intertidal distance, the degree of expansion of the intertidal above the still water tide range by wave action and the average path length through the sand interstices percolated by filtered sea water. An equation is derived relating the degree of mineralisation of organic matter in the filtered sea water to the distance filtered through the sand and the sand particle size. Employing all this information, a simple model is used to estimate the volumes of sea water filtered and the amounts of inorganic nitrogen regenerated by intertidal sandy beaches over a range of physical conditions. The implications of this nutrient generation for the inshore zone are discussed. 相似文献
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Anita Moldenhauer-Roth Guillaume Piton Sebastian Schwindt Mona Jafarnejad Anton JSchleiss 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(1):136-150
Sediment detention basins are implemented on mountain rivers to trap solid material that may aggravate the flooding of downstream settlements.However,retention structures built in the past may unnecessarily retain sediment during non-hazardous flood events,resulting in high maintenance costs and sediment deficit downstream.In addition,the so-called spontaneous self-flushing of previously retained sediment during floods has occasionally been observed.Recent research suggests to design sediment detention basins for controlling sediment passage with a guiding channel across the deposition area upstream of a hybrid barrier.Such barriers consist of a check dam with a slot orifice and an upstream bar screen with a bottom clearance in order to benefit from a combined mechanical-hydraulic retention control.The present paper enhances this pioneering research with the help of new experimental data,including a wide range of sediment mixtures and large wood,as well as variable barrier heights.Improved design criteria are provided regarding the bar screen and the basin storage capacity.The functionality of the enhanced concept for sediment detention is illustrated by a case study on a physical model:the protection of the Villard-Bonnot village(France)against torrential hazards. 相似文献
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Anton J. J. Van Rompaey Gert Verstraeten Kristof Van Oost Gerard Govers Jean Poesen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(11):1221-1236
In this paper a spatially distributed model for the calculation of sediment delivery to river channels is presented (SEDEM: SEdiment DElivery Model). The model consists of two components: (1) the calculation of a spatial pattern of mean annual soil erosion rates in the catchment using a RUSLE (Revised Soil Erosion Equation) approach; and (2) the routing of the eroded sediment to the river channel network taking into account the transport capacity of each spatial unit. If the amount of routed sediment exceeds the local transport capacity, sediment deposition occurs. An existing dataset on sediment yield for 24 catchments in central Belgium was used to calibrate the transport capacity parameters of the model. A validation of the model results shows that the sediment yield for small and medium sized catchments (10–5000 ha) can be predicted with an average accuracy of 41 per cent. The predicted sediment yield values with SEDEM are significantly more accurate than the predictions using a lumped regression model. Moreover a spatially distributed approach allows simulation of the effect of different land use scenarios and soil conservation techniques. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Polarized FTIR spectra of near endmember forsterite single crystals from Pamir, Tadzikistan show the existence of sharp strongly pleochroic absorption bands in the region of the OH stretching fundamental. Bands centered at 3674/3624, 3647/3598 and 3640/ 3592 cm-1 are attributed to OH dipoles oriented parallel to [100]. An OH band doublet at 3570/3535 cm-1 shows both, a strong absorption parallel to [100] and a strong component parallel to [001]. On the basis of the pleochroic scheme and under the assumption of vacancies on Si- and M-sites it is proposed that O1 is partially replaced by OH defects pointing to the vacant Si-site. O3 is donator oxygen of OH dipoles lying near the O3-O1 tetrahedral edge or roughly pointing to a vacant M2-site. Also O2 can act as donator oxygen of an OH group oriented along the O2-O3 edge of a vacant M1 octahedron. The splitting of the bands is explained by the presence of Fe2+ in cation sites surrounding the OH defects. 相似文献
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Eleven rare earth elements (REE) have been determined in ten USGS and two CCRMP igneous rock standards using high performance ion chromatography. Duplicate analyses of two or more separately prepared aliquots of each sample were undertaken; reproducibility was better than 5% for each of the REE. In most cases, the results compare closely with published REE values for those samples for which the REE are well characterised. Where the results for individual elements are in disagreement with published data, the more erratic patterns yielded by the earlier data when plotted on chondrite-normalised REE diagrams suggest that values determined in this study are of greater accuracy. 相似文献