Life Histories and Breeding Patterns of Three Intertidal Sand Beach Isopods     

AN M. C. DE Ruyck    Theodore E.  Donn Jr Anton  McLachlan 《Marine Ecology》1991,12(2):105-121

Abstract. Three-weekly transects were done over a 14-month period at Sundays River Beach, a high energy beach in Algoa Bay, South Africa, to determine the life histories, breeding patterns, and fecundities of three intertidal cirolanid isopods. Eurydice longicornis. Pontogeloides latipes , and Excirolana naialensis. E. longicornis exhibits an annual, multivoltine life history with a more extended breeding period than the other two species. P. latipes and E. natalensis both have biennial. univoltine life histories with lower fecundities than E. longicornis.  相似文献   

Effects of crude oil on the supralittoral meiofauna of a sandy beach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anton McLachlan  Beryl Harty 《Marine environmental research》1982,7(1):71-79

The supralittoral zone of an open sandy beach was dosed with crude oil and changes in the meiofauna monitored. Treatments included weathered and fresh oil on the surface, fresh oil mixed with dispersant on the surface and weathered oil at the water table, all in layers 0·8 cm thick. In all cases the meiofauna was reduced 1 month after dosing but numbers had returned to normal by 5 months except in the site dosed with fresh oil mixed with dispersant. Oil on the surface had greater effects than oil at the water table; fresh oil had a greater effect than weathered oil and fresh oil with dispersant was more toxic than fresh oil alone. Nematodes were least sensitive to the oil and oligochaetes more sensitive, their numbers being correlated with oil concentrations and depth in the substrate. It is concluded that, under all but the heaviest conditions of pollution in their environment, recovery from oil contamination should occur within 5 months in the meiofauna.  相似文献   

Crystal chemistry and thin film epitaxy of sulfides and Bi-Sb-sulfosalts and their geological application     

Prof. Dr. K. Bente  Prof. Dr. R. Anton 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,53(4):209-228

Summary Metal substitution studies of the stability, structure and chemical bonding of sulfides and sulfosalts lead to significant results, which can be applied to natural parageneses and crystal chemical systematics. Comparison of experiments on stable and metastable phases with thin films provides data, which exceed known geometrical criteria of the sulfosalt systematics. Synthetic and natural phases have been studied with respect to their substitution, bonding chemistry and temperature dependent metal distribution as well as to the structure and orientation of thin films.

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Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung der Stabilität, Struktur und chemischen Bindung von Sulfosalzen führt zu aussagekräftigen auf natürliche Paragenesen sowie auf die Systematik dieser Verbindungen anwendbaren Resultaten, wenn systematische Substitutionsexperimente angesetzt werden. Diese liefern im Vergleich von stabilen und metastabilen Phasen sowie durch Vergleich mit dünnen Schichten Ergebnisse, die wesentlich über bekannte strukturgeometrische Ansätze zur Sulfosalzsystematik hinausgehen. Es werden synthetische und natürliche Verbindungen bezüglich ihrer Substitution, Bindungschemie und temperaturabhängigen Metallordnung sowie die Orientierung und Struktur von dünnen Schichten diskutiert.

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With 13 Figures

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In memoriam Prof. Dr. V. Kupcik ( 1990)  相似文献   

Thermoelastic properties of chromium oxide Cr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> (eskolaite) at high pressures and temperatures     

Anna M. Dymshits  Peter I. Dorogokupets  Igor S. Sharygin  Konstantin D. Litasov  Anton Shatskiy  Sergey V. Rashchenko  Eiji Ohtani  Akio Suzuki  Yuji Higo 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2016,43(6):447-458

A new synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of chromium oxide Cr₂O₃ (eskolaite) with the corundum-type structure has been carried out in a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus to pressure of 15 GPa and temperatures of 1873 K. Fitting the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (EoS) with the present data up to 15 GPa yielded: bulk modulus (K _0,T0), 206 ± 4 GPa; its pressure derivative K′_0,T , 4.4 ± 0.8; (?K _0,T /?T) = ?0.037 ± 0.006 GPa K^?1; a = 2.98 ± 0.14 × 10^?5 K^?1 and b = 0.47 ± 0.28 × 10^?8 K^?2, where α _0,T  = a + bT is the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient. The thermal expansion of Cr₂O₃ was additionally measured at the high-temperature powder diffraction experiment at ambient pressure and α _0,T0 was determined to be 2.95 × 10^?5 K^?1. The results indicate that coefficient of the thermal expansion calculated from the EoS appeared to be high-precision because it is consistent with the data obtained at 1 atm. However, our results contradict α ₀ value suggested by Rigby et al. (Brit Ceram Trans J 45:137–148, 1946) widely used in many physical and geological databases. Fitting the Mie–Grüneisen–Debye EoS with the present ambient and high-pressure data yielded the following parameters: K _0,T0 = 205 ± 3 GPa, K′_0,T  = 4.0, Grüneisen parameter (γ ₀) = 1.42 ± 0.80, q = 1.82 ± 0.56. The thermoelastic parameters indicate that Cr₂O₃ undergoes near isotropic compression at room and high temperatures up to 15 GPa. Cr₂O₃ is shown to be stable in this pressure range and adopts the corundum-type structure. Using obtained thermoelastic parameters, we calculated the reaction boundary of knorringite formation from enstatite and eskolaite. The Clapeyron slope (with \({\text{d}}P/{\text{d}}T = - 0.014\) GPa/K) was found to be consistent with experimental data.  相似文献   

Calcite and dolomite in intrusive carbonatites. I. Textural variations     

Anton R. Chakhmouradian  Ekaterina P. Reguir  Anatoly N. Zaitsev 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,110(2-3):333-360

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The Calcium Isotope Composition (δ44/40Ca) of NIST SRM 915b and NIST SRM 1486     

Alexander Heuser  Anton Eisenhauer 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2008,32(3):311-315

The calcium isotopic composition of NIST SRM 915b and 1486 provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was analysed. The δ^44/40Ca values of the two reference materials relative to NIST SRM 915a were: NIST SRM 915b =+0.72 ± 0.04‰ and NIST SRM 1486 =?1.01 ± 0.02‰. NIST SRM 1486 did not require any chemical separation prior to measurement.  相似文献   

Extension and inversion structures in the Tethys–Atlantic linkage zone,Algarve Basin,Portugal     

Adrià Ramos  Oscar Fernández  Pedro Terrinha  Josep Anton Muñoz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,105(5):1663-1679

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Design of Pressure Relief Valves for Protection of Steel-Lined Pressure Shafts and Tunnels Against Buckling During Emptying   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Anton J. Schleiss  Pedro A. Manso 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(1):11-20

Using high-strength steels for pressure shafts and tunnel liners and taking into account significant rock mass participation allows the design of comparatively thin steel liners in hydropower projects. Nevertheless, during emptying of waterways, these steel linings may be endangered by buckling. Compared with traditional measures such as increased steel liner thickness and stiffeners, pressure relief valves are a very economical solution for protection of steel liners against critical external pressure and therefore buckling during emptying. A calculation procedure has been developed for the design of the required number and arrangement of pressure relief valves, and this has been used successfully in practice. Systematic model tests enabled the assumptions of the design method to be verified.  相似文献   

Investigation of iron sulfide impact crater residues: A combined analysis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy     

Penelope J. WOZNIAKIEWICZ  Hope A. ISHII  Anton T. KEARSLEY  Mark J. BURCHELL  Philip A. BLAND  John P. BRADLEY  Zurong DAI  Nick TESLICH  Gareth S. COLLINS  Mike J. COLE  Sara S. RUSSELL 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2011,46(7):1007-1024

Abstract– Samples returned from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust mission provided an unequaled opportunity to compare previously available extraterrestrial samples against those from a known comet. Iron sulfides are a major constituent of cometary grains commonly identified within cometary interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and Wild 2 samples. Chemical analyses indicate Wild 2 sulfides are fundamentally different from those in IDPs. However, as Wild 2 dust was collected via impact into capture media at approximately 6.1 km s^?1, it is unclear whether this is due to variation in preaccretional/parent body processes experienced by these materials or due to heating and alteration during collection. We investigated alteration in pyrrhotite and pentlandite impacted into Stardust flight spare Al foils under encounter conditions by comparing scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM, TEM) analyses of preimpact and postimpact samples and calculating estimates of various impact parameters. SEM is the primary method of analysis during initial in situ examination of Stardust foils, and therefore, we also sought to evaluate the data obtained by SEM using insights provided by TEM. We find iron sulfides experience heating, melting, separation, and loss of S, and mixing with molten Al. These results are consistent with estimated peak pressures and temperatures experienced (approximately 85 GPa, approximately 2600 K) and relative melting temperatures. Unambiguous identification of preserved iron sulfides may be possible by TEM through the location of Al‐free regions. In most cases, the Ni:Fe ratio is preserved in both SEM and TEM analyses and may therefore also be used to predict original chemistry and estimate mineralogy.  相似文献   

Documentary proxies and interdisciplinary research on historic geomorphologic hazards: a discussion of the current state from a central European perspective     

Pavel Raška  Vilém Zábranský  Jakub Dubišar  Antonín Kadlec  Alena Hrbáčová  Tomáš Strnad 《Natural Hazards》2014,70(1):705-732

During the last two decades, documentary data (written and iconographic sources) have been increasingly employed in geomorphologic research aiming at reconstruction of territorial distribution, temporal occurrence and social and economic impacts of various geomorphologic hazards. The goal of this paper is to broaden the previous discussion (Glade et al. The use of historical data in natural hazard assessments. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2001) of the methodological constraints on the use of documentary data for geomorphologic hazard research. Using the interdisciplinary approach of geomorphology, historiography and medial studies, we firstly summarise the major finding of papers that have employed various types of documentary data sources to study geomorphologic hazards in different regions. In the second section, we present case studies from the Czech Republic resulting from the ongoing research project that is devoted to the assessment of the potential of documentary data to reconstruct past occurrences of and mitigation strategies for geomorphologic hazards. Finally, we discuss three main methodological issues emerging from our research: (a) problems emerging from the positivist approach to documentary data sources and the necessity for critical analyses of documentary data sources based on modern historiographic approaches, (b) constraints arising from the combination of documentary data from different spatiotemporal scales and (c) lacks in the use of documentary data to study local-based adaptation strategies to cope with geomorphologic hazards.  相似文献