A cornucopia of presolar and early solar system materials at the micrometer size range in primitive chondrite matrix     

Philip A. Bland  Frank J. Stadermann  Christine Floss  Detlef Rost  Edward P. Vicenzi  Anton T. Kearsley  Gretchen K. Benedix 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(7-8):1417-1427

Abstract— We have used a variety of complementary microanalytical techniques to constrain the mineralogy, trace‐element distributions, and oxygen‐isotopic compositions in a 50 × 50 μm area of Acfer 094 matrix. The results reveal the exceptional mineralogical and compositional heterogeneity of this material at the sub‐μm level. We observe μm‐scale and sub‐μm grains with elemental associations suggesting feldspar, metal with widely varying Ni contents, and a Cr‐Fe alloy (in addition to forsterite, pyroxene, sulfide, ferrihydrite, and amorphous groundmass previously described). A new class of μm‐scale CAI (μCAI) is also observed, which show sub‐μm compositional zoning, and a range of oxygen isotopic compositions. Unlike the larger CAIs in Acfer 094, which are uniformly ¹⁶O‐enriched, two of the three μCAIs we analyzed are isotopically normal. We also observed a Li‐rich hotspot that detailed analysis by ToF‐SIMS suggests may be a LiCr‐oxide grain. Within the resolution of the NanoSIMS, this grain has isotopically normal Li. Finally, in our 50 × 50 μm area, we positively identified a presolar grain that is the most ¹⁸O‐rich silicate found so far in meteorites. The grain may originate from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, or more likely, a supernova. In line with previous TEM studies (Greshake 1997), we find no evidence for clastic material (e.g., fragmental chondrules) in the matrix of Acfer 094: although the matrix is volatile‐depleted, this depletion does not appear to result from dilution of a primordial starting material with (depleted) chondrule fragments. Assuming that matrix experienced the depletion event, our data on the detailed mineralogy of Acfer 094 are currently equivocal in constraining the nature of that event. We observe carrier phases for several elements consistent with conditions approaching equilibrium condensation; however, the presence of an amorphous groundmass is suggestive of more rapid cooling.  相似文献   

Systematic study of hydrogen incorporation into Fe-free wadsleyite     

Konstantin D. Litasov  Anton Shatskiy  Eiji Ohtani  Tomoo Katsura 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2011,38(1):75-84

The H₂O content of wadsleyite were measured in a wide pressure (13–20 GPa) and temperature range (1,200–1,900°C) using FTIR method. We confirmed significant decrease of the H₂O content of wadsleyite with increasing temperature and reported first systematic data for temperature interval of 1,400–1,900°C. Wadsleyite contains 0.37–0.55 wt% H₂O at 1,600°C, which may be close to its water storage capacity along average mantle geotherm in the transition zone. Accordingly, water storage capacity of the average mantle in the transition zone may be estimated as 0.2–0.3 wt% H₂O. The H₂O contents of wadsleyite at 1,800–1,900°C are 0.22–0.39 wt%, indicating that it can store significant amount of water even under the hot mantle environments. Temperature dependence of the H₂O content of wadsleyite can be described by exponential equation C_{\textH2 \textO} = 6 3 7.0 7 \texte ^{- 0.00 4 8T} , C_{{{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}}} = 6 3 7.0 7 {\text{e}}^{ - 0.00 4 8T} , where T is in °C. This equation is valid for temperature range 1,200–2,100°C with the coefficient of determination R ² = 0.954. Temperature dependence of H₂O partition coefficient between wadsleyite and forsterite (D _wd/fo) is complex. According to our data apparent D_wd/fo decreases with increasing temperature from D _wd/fo = 4–5 at 1,200°C, reaches a minimum of D _wd/fo = 2.0 at 1,400–1,500°C, and then again increases to D _wd/fo = 4–6 at 1,700–1,900°C.  相似文献   

Thrust tectonics and paleogene syntectonic sedimentation in the Empordà area,southeastern Pyrenees     

Jordi Pujadas  Josep Maria Casas  Josep Anton Muñoz  Francese Sabat 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3):195-206

Abstract

The structure of the southern Pyrenees, east of the Albanyà fault (Empordà area), consists of several Alpine thrust sheets. From bottom upwards three main structural units can be distinguished : the Roc de Frausa, the Biure-Bac Grillera and the Figueres units. The former involves basement and Paleogene cover rocks. This unit is deformed by E-W trending kilometric-scale folds, its north dipping floor thrust represents the sole thrust in this area. The middle unit is formed by an incomplete Mesozoic succession overlain by Garumnian and Eocene sediments. Mesozoic rocks internal structure consists of an imbricate stack. The floor thrust dips to the south and climbs up section southwards. The upper unit exibits the most complete Mesozoic sequence. Its floor thrust is subhorizontal. The lower and middle units thrust in a piggy-back sequence. The upper unit was emplaced out of sequence.

Lower Eocene sedimentation in the Biure-Bac Grillera unit was controlled by emergent imbricate thrusts and synchronic extensional faults. One of these faults (La Salut fault) represents the boundary between a platform domain in the footwall and a subsident trough in the hangingwall. Southward thrust propagation produces the inversion of these faults and the development of cleavage-related folds in their hangingwalls (buttressing effect). This inversion is also recorded by syntectonic deposits, which have been grouped in four depositional sequences. The lower sequences represent the filling on the hangingwall trough and the upper sequences the spreading of clastics to the south once the extensional movement ends.  相似文献   

A new early Holocene shoreline displacement record for Blekinge,southern Sweden,and implications for underwater archaeology     

Anton Hansson  Dan Hammarlund  Giacomo Landeschi  Arne Sjstrm  Bjrn Nilsson 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(1):57-71

We present evidence of a submerged early Holocene landscape off the Blekinge coastline in the Baltic Sea, dating to the Yoldia Sea and Initial Littorina Sea Stages when the water level was lower than at present. ¹⁴C dated wood remains obtained by surveillance diving and new archaeological findings in combination with bathymetric analyses and interpolations between other sites across the Baltic Sea were used for refinement of the shoreline displacement history of the region. The new results reveal a Yoldia Sea lowstand level at 20 m b.s.l., a subsequent Ancylus Lake highstand at 3 m a.s.l., and then a period of relatively stable water level at about 4 m b.s.l. during the Initial Littorina Sea Stage, several metres lower than previously concluded. The refined shoreline displacement record was used for palaeo‐reconstructions of the study area during four key periods, the Yoldia Sea lowstand phase, the Ancylus Lake transgression phase, the Ancylus Lake highstand phase and the Initial Littorina Sea lowstand phase, using elevation data and map algebra functions. A flow accumulation algorithm was used for reconstruction of the now submerged prehistoric river network in order to identify areas of high archaeological potential. Our revised shoreline displacement record, and especially its lowstand period during the Initial Littorina Sea Stage around 9500–8500 cal. a BP, raises future demands not only for specific archaeological shallow‐water surveys down to 4 m b.s.l. in the area, but also for a renewed cultural heritage management strategy. The results of this study fill an important gap in the early Holocene part of the shoreline displacement history of Blekinge, contributing to its completion since the deglaciation, which is unique for the Baltic Sea.  相似文献   

Alumovesuvianite,Ca19Al(Al,Mg)12Si18O69(OH)9, a new vesuvianite-group member from the Jeffrey mine,asbestos, Estrie region,Québec,Canada     

Panikorovskii  Taras L.  Chukanov  Nikita V.  Aksenov  Sergey M.  Mazur  Anton S.  Avdontseva  Evgenia Yu  Shilovskikh  Vladimir V.  Krivovichev  Sergey V. 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,111(6):833-842

Mineralogy and Petrology - Alumovesuvianite (IMA 2016–014), ideally Ca19Al(Al,Mg)12Si18O69(OH)9, is a new vesuvianite-group member found in the rodingite zone at the contact of a gabbroid...  相似文献   

微波消解法测定生物燃料样品中铝钙铬钾镁锰磷锌     

奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(5):文后I

生物燃料来源于可再生的有机材料。绝大多数的生物质材料是植物产品或废物,如粮食、油料作物、木头、木板、树皮或碎屑。这些生物质材料由于可以作为替代能源而变得越来越重要,所以人们迫切需要一个能准确测定生物燃料中的主次量元素的分析方法。生物燃料中Al、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe和P等主要灰分形成元素,与生物质热工艺转化过程中的灰融、沉积形成和腐蚀等问题有关。而As、Cd、Co、Cu、Cr、Hg、Mo、Mn、Ni、Pb、V、Zn等次量元素由于大气排放问题也十分重要。虽然现在也有一些方法来分析固体燃料中的主量和次量元素;但是测量的精度仍不理想。其中的一个关键问题是这些生物质燃料中的灰分形成元素具有非常复杂  相似文献   

Calcium Isotopes (δ^44/40Ca) in MPI-DING Reference Glasses, USGS Rock Powders and Various Rocks: Evidence for Ca Isotope Fractionation in Terrestrial Silicates     

Marghaleray Amini  Anton Eisenhauer  Florian Böhm  Chris Holmden  Katharina Kreissig  Folkmar Hauff  Klaus Peter Jochum 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2009,33(2):231-247

We report δ^44/40Ca_{(SRM 915a)} values for eight fused MPI‐DING glasses and the respective original powders, six USGS igneous rock reference materials, the U‐Th disequilibria reference material TML, IAEA‐CO1 (Carrara marble) and several igneous rocks (komatiites and carbonatites). Sample selection was guided by three considerations: (1) to address the need for information values on reference materials that are widely available in support of interlaboratory comparison studies; (2) support the development of in situ laser ablation and ion microprobe techniques, which require isotopically homogenous reference samples for ablation; and (3) provide Ca isotope values on a wider range of igneous and metamorphic rock types than is currently available in the scientific literature. Calcium isotope ratios were measured by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry in two laboratories (IFM‐GEOMAR and Saskatchewan Isotope Laboratory) using ⁴³Ca/⁴⁸Ca‐ and ⁴²Ca/⁴³Ca‐double spike techniques and reported relative to the calcium carbonate reference material NIST SRM 915a. The measurement uncertainty in both laboratories was better than 0.2‰ at the 95% confidence level. The impact of different preparation methods on the δ^44/40Ca_{(SRM 915a)} values was found to be negligible. Except for ML3‐B, the original powders and the respective MPI‐DING glasses showed identical δ^44/40Ca_{(SRM 915a)} values; therefore, possible variations in the Ca isotope compositions resulting from the fusion process are excluded. Individual analyses of different glass fragments indicated that the glasses are well homogenised on the mm scale with respect to Ca. The range of δ^44/40Ca_{(SRM 915a)} values in the igneous rocks studied was larger than previously observed, mostly owing to the inclusion of ultramafic rocks from ophiolite sections. In particular, the dunite DTS‐1 (1.49 ± 0.06‰) and the peridotite PCC‐1 (1.14 ± 0.07‰) are enriched in ⁴⁴Ca relative to volcanic rocks (0.8 ± 0.1‰). The Carrara marble (1.32 ± 0.06‰) was also found to be enriched in ⁴⁴Ca relative to the values of assumed precursor carbonates (< 0.8‰). These findings suggest that the isotopes of Ca are susceptible to fractionation at high temperatures by, as yet, unidentified igneous and metamorphic processes.  相似文献   

岩溶表层带基流分割及其变化特征——以Velika Pasica溶洞为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘伟  周宏  周翠英  彭稳  BRANCELJ Anton 《水文地质工程地质》2017,(5):40-40

以表层带岩溶洞穴Velika Pasica溶洞内两个滴水点为研究对象,利用数字滤波法、最小平滑值法,以及两者结合的最小平滑值滤波法,对岩溶表层带水流进行基流分割分析。结果表明:对于特殊的岩溶表层带含水层,递归数字滤波法在滤波参数值（α）为0.925和0.95时,经过正反正三次滤波处理后得到比较好的基流分割效果;经过最小平滑值法处理后再进行一次数字滤波处理,得到结果与在α=0.95时经过三次滤波得到的结果相近。表层带基流分割处理的研究为其调蓄机制的研究提供科学依据。  相似文献   

岩溶表层带水生动物微分布规律及水文环境影响——以Velika Pasica溶洞为例     

刘伟  周宏  柯怡兵  袁爱华  周翠英  BRANCELJ Anton 《中国岩溶》2017,36(4):563-571

文章以斯洛文尼亚Velika Pasica溶洞为例,对洞内4个常流型滴点进行了近7年（2006-2013年）的监测,包括各滴点的水文特征,岩溶表层带水生甲壳类的微分布特征等;利用多元分析方法中的聚类分析和典范对应分析（CCA）讨论了岩溶表层带甲壳类微分布与水文因子之间的关系。研究发现:（1）4个滴点的水文变化特征表现出很大的差异性;通过聚类分析,12种甲壳类分为4个类型,与4个滴点有很好的对应关系;（2）排序分析发现,主要水文影响因子为最大排泄量（Max）、总排泄量（Q）和滴水温度（Temp）,其中前两者与第一轴保持良好的正相关,Temp与第一轴负相关;（3）物种的分类与排序分析结果很吻合,在主要的7种甲壳类中,Pseudocandona albicans和Speocyclops infernus主要集中分布在VP1处,与Q成很好的正相关;VP2处的主要物种是Morariopsis dumonti和Bryocamptus typhlops,与Max 和Q成负相关;Byocamptus pyrenaicus和Elaphoidella millennii主要分布在VP3处,趋于较适中的水文环境;Moraria varica为VP4特有的物种,与滴水温度表现出较强的相关性;（4）CCA排序轴的特征根值之和占了总特征根的33.8%,可解释一部分重要的物种分布特征,未能被解释的部分可能归结于未被选取的因子如水化学或者随机过程等。因此,不同环境因子影响着各滴点处特定的物种微分布,同时不同的物种分布具有对相应环境特征的潜在的指示作用。   相似文献   

The Mg-carbonate-Fe interaction:Implication for the fate of subducted carbonates and formation of diamond in the lower mantle     

Naira S.Martirosyan  Konstantin D.Litasov  Sergey S.Lobanov  Alexander F.Goncharov  Anton Shatskiy  Hiroaki Ohfuji  Vitali Prakapenka 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(4):1449-1458

The fate of subducted carbonates in the lower mantle and at the core-mantle boundary was modelled via experiments in the MgCO3-Fe^0 system at 70-150 GPa and 800-2600 Kin a laser-heated diamond anvil cell.Using in situ synchrotro n X-ray diffraction and ex situ transmission electron microscopy we show that the reduction of Mg-carbonate can be exemplified by:6 MgCO3+19 Fe=8 FeO+10(Mg0.6Fe^0.4)O+Fe7 C3+3 C.The presented results suggest that the interaction of carbonates with Fe^0 or Fe^0-bearing rocks can produce Fe-carbide and diamond,which can accumulate in the D"region,depending on its carbon to Fe ratio.Due to the sluggish kinetics of the transformation,diamond can remain metastable at the core-mantle boundary(CMB)unless it is in a direct contact with Fe-metal.In addition,it can be remobilized by redox melting accompanying the generation of mantle plumes.  相似文献