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11.
Prof. Dr. Benno Plöchinger 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1984,73(1):293-304
Zusammenfassung Beiderseits des Salzach-Quertales finden sich zahlreiche Hinweise, daß im Tithon permotriadische Gesteinsmassen mit Hallstätter Fazies aus ihrem triadischen Becken (Vorriff) Sedimentationsraum heraus nordwärts in den Plattformbereich einglitten. Zu diesen synsedimentär in den tithonen Anteil der Oberalmer Schichten (Kimmeridge/Tithon/Berrias), einem Tiefseesediment, eingebrachten Massen können die Schollen der Hallstätter ZoneHallein-Berchtesgaden und östlich von Golling gezählt werden.Der als Turbidit gewertete Barmsteinkalk (submember der Oberalmer Schichten) begleitet die Gleitmassen in der sedimentären Kontaktzone und führt in seiner vielfach grobklastischen Ausbildung triadische Komponenten der Hallstätter und Berchtesgadener Fazies sowie auffallend viel Komponenten aus oberpermischem Haselgebirge und malmischen Flachwasserkalken. Man darf annehmen, daß im triadischen Vorriffbereich ein Salzdiapirismus zur Tiefschwellenbildung und Sedimentation der Hallstätter Fazies Anlaß gab und daß es dann im Tithon sowohl zu Schlamm- und Trübeströmen als auch zu einer Hallstätter Großschollenbeziehungsweise Deckengleitung in das malmische Tiefseebecken kam. Gleichzeitig könnte die Berchtesgadener Decke begonnen haben, von Südrand der Plattform nordwärts zu gleiten.Jüngere, zur Austroalpinen Phase erfolgte Eingleitungen von Hallstätter Schollen, wie sie im Gebiet der Roßfeld- und Weitenaumulde vorliegen, sind durch den unterlagernden Turbidit der olisthostromreichen Oberen Roßfeldschichten (Hauterive) und den Turbidit der Grabenwaldschichten (Unterapt) altersmäßig fixiert.
On both sides of the transverse Salzach valley there are numerous indications, that during Tithonian times Permotriassic rockmasses of Hallstatt facies type slided from their Trissic basin (forereef) area northwards into the platform area. The outliers of the Hallstatt zone in the areas of Hallein-Berchtesgaden and east of Golling can be interpreted as such rock masses which synsedimentarely took place in the Tithonian part of the Oberalm Beds (Kimmeridgian/Tithonian/Berriasian), a deep sea sediment.The Barmstein Limestone (submember of the Oberalm Beds and interpreted as a turbidite) accompanies the sliding masses in the sedimentary contact zone. This frequently coarse clastic Barmstein Limestone contains Triassic components of the Hallstatt and Berchtesgaden Facies as well as obviously much components of the Upper Permian Haselgebirge and Malmian shallowwater limestones. It is therefore allowed to suppose, that in the Triassic forereef area a salt diapirism caused the formation of a submarine rise, the sedimentation of Hallstatt Faciès, and subsequently, during Tithonian times, the occurence of mud-flows, turbidites and slidings of large Hallstatt outliers, respectively the transport of the Hallstatt nappe into the Malmian deep-sea environment. Simultaneously the Berchtesgaden Nappe may have started to slide northwards from the southern edge of the platform.The age of younger sliding occurences of Hallstatt outliers during the Austroalpine Phase can be fixed in the area of the Roßfeld and Weitenau basin by the unterlying turbidite of the olistostrome rich Upper Roßfeld Beds and the turbidite of the Grabenwald Beds (Lower Aptien).
Résumé Des deux côtés de la vallée transversale de Salzach, ou trouve de nombreux indices de ce que, au Tithonique, des masses rocheuses permo-triasiques de facies Hallstatt ont glissé de leur bassin triasique (un rif adventif) vers le Nord dans le domaine de plateforme. Parmi cette contribution synsédimentaire à la fraction tithonique des couches d'Oberalm (Kimmeridgien/Tithonique/Berriasien), un sédiment de mer profonde, on peut figurer les blocaux de la zone de Hallstatt Hallein-Berchtesgaden et à l'Est de Golling.Le Calcaire de Barmstein (un sous-membre des couches de l'Oberalm) considéré comme turbidite, accompagne ces glissements dans la zone de contact sédimentaire et contient, parmi ses constituants grossiers, des constituants, triasiques des facies de Hallstatt et de Berchtesgaden, ainsi que, chose surprenante, de nombreux autres provenant de Haselgebirge du Permien supérieur et de calcaires d'eau peu profonde du Malm. On peut admettre que, dans l'espace du rif adventif triasique, un diapirisme salin occasionna la formation d'un seuil profond et la sédimentation du Faciès de Hallstatt, et qu'alors il en a résulté au Tithonien, l'arrivée dans le bassin profond du Malm, aussi bien des apports de boues et des courants de turbidités, que des glissement de blocaux, voire même la nappe de Hallstatt. Simultanément il se peut que la nappe de Berchtesgaden ait commencé à glisser à partir de la bordure méridionale de la plateforme vers le Nord.Des glissements plus jeunes de blocaux de Hallstatt, survenus lors de la phase austroalpine, comme il en existe dans la région du synclinal de Rossfeld et de Weitenau, sont datés par la turbidite sous-jacente des couches supérieures de Rossfeld, riche en olithostromes (Hauterivien) et par la turbidite des couches de Grabenwald (Aptien inférieur).
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12.
Analysis of recovery efficiency in high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage: a Rayleigh-based method 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gilian Schout Benno Drijver Mariene Gutierrez-Neri Ruud Schotting 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(1):281-291
High-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) is an important technique for energy conservation. A controlling factor for the economic feasibility of HT-ATES is the recovery efficiency. Due to the effects of density-driven flow (free convection), HT-ATES systems applied in permeable aquifers typically have lower recovery efficiencies than conventional (low-temperature) ATES systems. For a reliable estimation of the recovery efficiency it is, therefore, important to take the effect of density-driven flow into account. A numerical evaluation of the prime factors influencing the recovery efficiency of HT-ATES systems is presented. Sensitivity runs evaluating the effects of aquifer properties, as well as operational variables, were performed to deduce the most important factors that control the recovery efficiency. A correlation was found between the dimensionless Rayleigh number (a measure of the relative strength of free convection) and the calculated recovery efficiencies. Based on a modified Rayleigh number, two simple analytical solutions are proposed to calculate the recovery efficiency, each one covering a different range of aquifer thicknesses. The analytical solutions accurately reproduce all numerically modeled scenarios with an average error of less than 3 %. The proposed method can be of practical use when considering or designing an HT-ATES system. 相似文献
13.
Fridolin Weber Peter O. Hess Benno Bodmann José de Freitas Pacheco Dimiter Hadjimichef Marcelo Netz-Marzola Geovane Naysinger Moisés Razeira César A. Zen Vasconcellos 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2024,345(2-3):e230148
This paper focuses on the implications of a commutative formulation that integrates branch-cutting cosmology, the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, and Hořava–Lifshitz quantum gravity. Building on a mini-superspace structure, we explore the impact of an inflaton-type scalar field on the wave function of the Universe. Specifically analyzing the dynamical solutions of branch-cut gravity within a mini-superspace framework, we emphasize the scalar field's influence on the evolution of the evolution of the wave function of the Universe. Our research unveils a helix-like function that characterizes a topologically foliated spacetime structure. The starting point is the Hořava–Lifshitz action, which depends on the scalar curvature of the branched Universe and its derivatives, with running coupling constants denoted as . The corresponding wave equations are derived and are resolved. The commutative quantum gravity approach preserves the diffeomorphism property of General Relativity, maintaining compatibility with the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism. Additionally, we delve into a mini-superspace of variables, incorporating scalar-inflaton fields and exploring inflationary models, particularly chaotic and nonchaotic scenarios. We obtained solutions for the wave equations without recurring to numerical approximations. 相似文献
14.
Fridolin Weber Peter O. Hess Benno Bodmann José de Freitas Pacheco Dimiter Hadjimichef Marcelo Marzola Geovane Naysinger Moisés Razeira César A. Zen Vasconcellos 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2024,345(2-3):e230152
This article focuses on the implications of the recently developed commutative formulation based on branch-cutting cosmology, the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, and Hořava–Lifshitz quantum gravity. Assuming a mini-superspace of variables, we explore the impact of an inflaton-type scalar field on the dynamical equations that describe the trajectories evolution of the scale factor of the Universe, characterized by the dimensionless helix-like function . This scale factor characterizes a Riemannian foliated spacetime that topologically overcomes the big bang and big crunch singularities. Taking the Hořava–Lifshitz action as our starting point, which depends on the scalar curvature of the branched Universe and its derivatives, with running coupling constants denoted as , the commutative quantum gravity approach preserves the diffeomorphism property of General Relativity, maintaining compatibility with the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism. We investigate both chaotic and nonchaotic inflationary scenarios, demonstrating the sensitivity of the branch-cut Universe's dynamics to initial conditions and parameterizations of primordial matter content. The results suggest a continuous connection of Riemann surfaces, overcoming primordial singularities and exhibiting diverse evolutionary behaviors, from big crunch to moderate acceleration. 相似文献
15.
Peter O. Hess Fridolin Weber Benno Bodmann José de Freitas Pacheco Dimiter Hadjimichef Marcelo Netz-Marzola Geovane Naysinger Moisés Razeira César A. Zen Vasconcellos 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2024,345(2-3):e230162
This article focuses on the implications of a noncommutative formulation of branch-cut quantum gravity. Based on a mini-superspace structure that obeys the noncommutative Poisson algebra, combined with the Wheeler–DeWitt equation and Hořava–Lifshitz quantum gravity, we explore the impact of a scalar field of the inflaton-type in the evolution of the Universe's wave function. Taking as a starting point the Hořava–Lifshitz action, which depends on the scalar curvature of the branched Universe and its derivatives, the corresponding wave equations are derived and solved. The noncommutative quantum gravity approach adopted preserves the diffeomorphism property of General Relativity, maintaining compatibility with the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner Formalism. In this work we delve deeper into a mini-superspace of noncommutative variables, incorporating scalar inflaton fields and exploring inflationary models, particularly chaotic and nonchaotic scenarios. We obtained solutions to the wave equations without resorting to numerical approximations. The results indicate that the noncommutative algebraic space captures low and high spacetime scales, driving the exponential acceleration of the Universe. 相似文献
16.
Kristina Sundbäck Per Nilsson Claes Nilsson Benno Jönsson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1996,43(6):689-706
The microscopic community of a microtidal sandy sediment on the Swedish west coast was studiedin situat two depths (0·5 and 4 m) on four occasions (January, April, August and October). Biomass of microalgae, bacteria, ciliates and meiofauna, as well as primary and bacterial productivity, were quantified. Meiofaunal grazing on algae and bacteria was measured simultaneously by radiolabelling intact sediment cores. Autotrophic biomass dominated the microbial community at both depths and on all sampling occasions, accounting for 47–87% of the microbial biomass. Meiofauna contributed 10–47%, while bacteria and ciliates together made up less than 6%. The microflora was dominated by attached (epipsammic) diatoms, but occasional ‘ blooms ’ of motile species occurred. Vital cells of planktonic diatoms contributed to benthic algal biomass in spring. Primary productivity exceeded bacterial productivity in April and August at both depths, while the balance was reversed in October and January. Meiofauna grazed between 2 and 12% of the algal biomass per day, and between 0·3 and 37% of the bacterial biomass. Almost an order of magnitude more algal (17–138 mg C m−2) than bacterial (0·1–33 mg C m−2) carbon was grazed daily. At the shallow site, primary productivity always exceeded grazing rates on algae, whereas at the deeper site, grazing exceeded primary productivity in October and January. Bacterial productivity exceeded grazing at both depths on all four occasions. Thus, meiofaunal grazing seasonally controlled microalgal, but not bacterial, biomass. These results suggest that, during summer, only a minor fraction (<10%) of the daily microbenthic primary production appears to enter the ‘ small food web ’ through meiofauna. During spring and autumn, however, a much larger fraction (≈30–60%) of primary production may pass through meiofauna. During winter, meiofaunal grazing is a less important link in the shallow zone, but at sublittoral depths, algal productivity may be limiting, and meiofauna depend on other food sources, such as bacteria and detritus. 相似文献
17.
S.J. Benno Brenninkmeyer 《Marine Geology》1976,20(2):117-128
A new instrument — an almometer — has been developed which measures, instantaneously and continuously, changes in the vertical density distribution of sediment. The almometer consists of two acrylic cylinders, one contains a fluorescent lamp, the other 64 photo-electric cells placed at 1 - or 2-cm intervals. These two tubes are anchored perpendicular to the bottom 30 cm apart.The amount of sediment that can be measured ranges from 10 to 500 g of sediment per liter of water. Calibration shows that differences in sediment size or mineralogy have little effect on the concentration resistance relationship if the size mean is within the sand range and the sediment is not monomineralic. 相似文献