全文获取类型
收费全文 | 584篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 20篇 |
大气科学 | 20篇 |
地球物理 | 147篇 |
地质学 | 175篇 |
海洋学 | 70篇 |
天文学 | 95篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 74篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 32篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 30篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1948年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有602条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Future use of tritium in mapping pre-bomb groundwater volumes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The tritium input to groundwater, represented as volume-weighted mean tritium concentrations in precipitation, has been close to constant in Tucson and Albuquerque since 1992, and the decrease in tritium concentrations at the tail end of the bomb tritium pulse has ceased. To determine the future usefulness of tritium measurements in southwestern North America, volume-weighted mean tritium levels in seasonal aggregate precipitation samples have been gathered from 26 sites. The averages range from 2 to 9 tritium units (TU). Tritium concentrations increase with site latitude, and possibly with distance from the coast and with site altitude, reflecting local ratios of combination of low-tritium moisture advected from the oceans with high-tritium moisture originating near the tropopause. Tritium used alone as a tool for mapping aquifer volumes containing only pre-bomb recharge to groundwater will become ambiguous when the tritium in precipitation at the end of the bomb tritium pulse decays to levels close to the analytical detection limit. At such a time, tritium in precipitation from the last one to two decades of the bomb pulse will become indistinguishable from pre-bomb recharge. The threshold of ambiguity has already arrived in coastal areas with a mean of 2 TU in precipitation and will follow in the next three decades throughout the study region. Where the mean tritium level is near 5 TU, the threshold will occur between 2025 and 2030, given a detection limit of 0.6 TU. Similar thresholds of ambiguity, with different local timing possible, apply globally. 相似文献
102.
103.
Mineral potential within the Greater Nahanni Ecosystem (GNE) was modelled in a Geographic Information System (GIS) for four
different deposit types: (1) SEDEX (stratiform shale-hosted sedimentary exhalative Zn–Pb–Ag), (2) ‘Carbonate-Fault’ (carbonate-hosted
zinc–lead–silver associated with major faults), (3) ‘Intrusion-Related’ (includes skarn, rare metals and gemstones) and (4)
Carlin-Type gold as lode and/or derived placer deposits. This mineral potential modelling study integrates data collected
during the Nahanni Mineral and Energy Resource Assessment (MERA) undertaken from 2003 to 2007. The results have contributed
to the process of determining the geographic boundaries of the proposed expansion of the Nahanni National Park Reserve. Four
mineral potential maps were produced (one for each deposit type) using a knowledge-driven approach. A weighting scheme based
on integrated mineral deposit and regional geological knowledge was derived for the various evidence maps for each deposit
model using expert opinion. The four potential maps were then combined into a final potential map using a maximum operator.
Plots showing the efficiency of the models (mineral potential maps) for predicting the known occurrences of the four deposit
types show that partial data sets provide reasonable predictions of the remaining known mineral prospects, occurrences and
deposits. Hydrocarbon potential from Nahanni MERA 1 was added to the final potential map to ensure that both mineral and energy
potential data were incorporated into the park configuration modelling. 相似文献
104.
The geomorphic function and characteristics of large woody debris in low gradient rivers, coastal Maine, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F.J. Magilligan K.H. Nislow G.B. Fisher J. Wright G. Mackey M. Laser 《Geomorphology》2008,97(3-4):467-482
The role, function, and importance of large woody debris (LWD) in rivers depend strongly on environmental context and land use history. The coastal watersheds of central and northern Maine, northeastern U.S., are characterized by low gradients, moderate topography, and minimal influence of mass wasting processes, along with a history of intensive commercial timber harvest. In spite of the ecological importance of these rivers, which contain the last wild populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the U.S., we know little about LWD distribution, dynamics, and function in these systems. We conducted a cross-basin analysis in seven coastal Maine watersheds, documenting the size, frequency, volume, position, and orientation of LWD, as well as the association between LWD, pool formation, and sediment storage. In conjunction with these LWD surveys, we conducted extensive riparian vegetation surveys. We observed very low LWD frequencies and volumes across the 60 km of rivers surveyed. Frequency of LWD ≥ 20 cm diameter ranged from 15–50 pieces km− 1 and wood volumes were commonly < 10–20 m3 km− 1. Moreover, most of this wood was located in the immediate low-flow channel zone, was oriented parallel to flow, and failed to span the stream channel. As a result, pool formation associated with LWD is generally lacking and < 20% of the wood was associated with sediment storage. Low LWD volumes are consistent with the relatively young riparian stands we observed, with the large majority of trees < 20 cm DBH. These results strongly reflect the legacy of intensive timber harvest and land clearing and suggest that the frequency and distribution of LWD may be considerably less than presettlement and/or future desired conditions. 相似文献
105.
106.
The Hawaii bibliographic database has been created to contain all of the literature, from 1779 to the present, pertinent
to the volcanological history of the Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain. References are entered in a PC- and Macintosh-compatible
EndNote Plus bibliographic database with keywords and abstracts or (if no abstract) with annotations as to content. Keywords
emphasize location, discipline, process, identification of new chemical data or age determinations, and type of publication.
The database is updated approximately three times a year and is available to upload from an ftp site. The bibliography contained
8460 references at the time this paper was submitted for publication. Use of the database greatly enhances the power and completeness
of library searches for anyone interested in Hawaiian volcanism.
Received: 1 June 1997 / Accepted: 17 September 1997 相似文献
107.
Piotr A. Przybylski James G. Ogg Andrzej Wierzbowski Angela L. Coe Mark W. Hounslow John K. Wright François Atrops Erik Settles 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2010,289(1-2):256-272
A magnetic polarity pattern for Boreal and Sub-Boreal ammonite zones of the Upper Oxfordian to Lower Kimmeridgian was established and confirmed in four British sections, including the proposed Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) on the Isle of Skye (Scotland) to define the base of the international Kimmeridgian Stage. A coeval pattern for Sub-Mediterranean ammonite zones was compiled from seven sections in Poland, one German section and multi-section composites from France and Spain. The mean paleopole for the European Craton (excluding Spain) at the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian boundary is 74.2°N, 181.3°E (Α95 = 3.8°). The common magnetic polarity scale enables inter-correlation of ammonite subzones among these three faunal provinces and to the marine magnetic-anomaly M-Sequence. The proposed GSSP at the base of the Pictonia baylei Zone is near the base of an extended interval dominated by reversed polarity, which is interpreted to be Chron M26r. This GSSP level projects to the lower to middle part of the Epipeltoceras bimammatum Subzone, which is the middle subzone of this E. bimammatum Zone in the Sub-Mediterranean standard zonation. In contrast, the traditional placement of the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian boundary in that Sub-Mediterranean standard zonation (base of Sutneria platynota Zone) is at the base of Chron M25r, or nearly 1 million years younger. 相似文献
108.
Some previous studies demonstrated that model bias has a strong impact on the quality of long-term prognostic model simulations
of the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean. Relatively strong bias of water mass characteristics is observed in both eddy-permitting
and eddy-resolving simulations, suggesting that an increase of model resolution does not reduce significantly the model bias.
This study is an attempt to quantify the impact of model bias on the simulated water mass and circulation characteristics
in an eddy-permitting model of the sub-polar ocean. This is done through comparison of eddy-permitting prognostic model simulations
with the results from two other runs in which the bias is constrained by using spectral nudging. In the first run, the temperature
and salinity are nudged towards climatology in the whole column. In the second run, the spectral nudging is applied in the
surface 30 m layer and at depths below 560 m only. The biases of the model characteristics of the unconstrained run are similar
to those reported in previous eddy-permitting and eddy-resolving studies. The salinity in the surface and intermediate waters
of the Labrador Sea waters increases with respect to the climatology, which reduces the stability of the water column. The
deep convection in the unconstrained run is artificially intensified and the transport in the sub-polar gyre stronger than
in the observations. In particular, the transport of relatively salty and warm Irminger waters into the Labrador Sea is unrealistically
high. While the water mass temperature and salinity in the run with spectral nudging in the whole column are closest to the
observations, the depth of the winter convection is underestimated in the model. The water mass characteristics and water
transport in the run with spectral nudging in the surface and deep layers only are close to observations and at the same time
represent well the deep convection in terms of its intensity and position. The source of the bias in the prognostic model
run is discussed. 相似文献
109.
Richard Wright Mark Ellis Steven R. Holloway Sandy Wong 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):173-182
The growing ethnic and racial diversity of the United States is evident at all spatial scales. One of the striking features of this new mixture of peoples, however, is that this new diversity often occurs in tandem with racial concentration. This article surveys these new geographies from four points of view: the nation as a whole, states, large metropolitan areas, and neighborhoods. The analysis at each scale relies on a new taxonomy of racial composition that simultaneously appraises both diversity and the lack thereof (Holloway, Wright, and Ellis 2012). Urban analysis often posits neighborhood racial segregation and diversity as either endpoints on a continuum of racial dominance or mirror images of one another. We disturb that perspective and stress that segregation and diversity must be jointly understood—they are necessarily related, although not as inevitable binary opposites. Using census data from 1990, 2000, and 2010, the research points to how patterns of racial diversity and dominance interact across varying spatial scales. This investigation helps answer some basic questions about the changing geographies of racialized groups, setting the stage for the following articles that explore the relationship between geography and the participation of underrepresented groups in higher education. 相似文献
110.
S. Caquard G. Brauen B. Wright P. Jasen 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11-12):1219-1245
In this paper we draw on the analysis of sound in film theory in order to explore the potential that sound offers cybercartography. We first argue that the theoretical body developed in film studies is highly relevant to the study of sound/image relationships in mapmaking. We then build on this argument to develop experimental animated and interactive sound maps for the Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica that further explore the potential of sound for integrating emotional, cultural and political dimensions in cartography. These maps have been designed to recreate cinematic soundscapes, to provide contrapuntal perspectives on the cartographic image and to generate an aural identity of the atlas. As part of this experimental mapping, an innovative sound infrastructure is being developed to allow complex sound designs to be transmitted over the Internet as part of atlas content. Through this infrastructure the user can select as well as contribute his own sounds. The overall cartographic message is becoming less predictable, thus opening new perspectives on the way we design, interact with, and modify sounded maps over the Internet. 相似文献