A Customization of the Arc Marine Data Model to Support Whale Tracking via Satellite Telemetry     

Brett K Lord-Castillo  Bruce R Mate  Dawn J Wright  Tomas Follett 《Transactions in GIS》2009,13(S1):63-83

The Arc Marine data model is a generalized template to guide the implementation of geographic information systems (GIS) projects in the marine environment. It developed out of a collaborative process involving research and industry shareholders in coastal and marine research. This template models and attempts to standardize common ocean and coastal data types to facilitate data sharing and analytical tool development. In this study, Arc Marine is extended from its core model to fit the research goals of the whale satellite-telemetry-tagging program of the Oregon State University Marine Mammal Institute (MMI). The study sought the best customization of the generic Arc Marine data model to enhance the key advantages of satellite telemetry for mapping the distribution and movement of endangered marine mammal species. It was found that three new groups of object classes were needed (Animal, Telemetry, and Operations). Further customization involved the development of a comprehensive framework for animal tracking with Argos satellite telemetry data. A new multidimensional data cube model was also devised, showing how this extension of Arc Marine serves as an appropriate target schema for the application of on-line analytical processing (OLAP) tools and spatial data mining of satellite telemetry tracking datasets.  相似文献   

Long‐term final void salinity prediction for a post‐mining landscape in the Hunter Valley,New South Wales,Australia     

G. R. Hancock  A. Wright  H. De Silva 《水文研究》2005,19(2):387-401

Opencast mining alters surface and subsurface hydrology of a landscape both during and post‐mining. At mine closure, following opencast mining in mines with low overburden to coal ratios, a void is left in the final landform. This final void is the location of the active mine pit at closure. Voids are generally not infilled within the mines' lifetime, because of the prohibitive cost of earthwork operations, and they become post‐mining water bodies or pit lakes. Water quality is a significant issue for pit lakes. Groundwater within coal seams and associated rocks can be saline, depending on the nature of the strata and groundwater circulation patterns. This groundwater may be preferentially drawn to and collected in the final void. Surface runoff to the void will not only collect salts from rainfall and atmospheric fallout, but also from the ground surface and the weathering of fresh rock. As the void water level rises, its evaporative surface area increases, concentrating salts that are held in solution. This paper presents a study of the long term, water quality trends in a post‐mining final void in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. This process is complex and occurs long term, and modelling offers the only method of evaluating water quality. Using available geochemical, climate and hydrogeological data as inputs into a mass‐balance model, water quality in the final void was found to increase rapidly in salinity through time (2452 to 8909 mg l⁻¹ over 500 years) as evaporation concentrates the salt in the void and regional groundwater containing high loads of salt continues to flow into the void. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

DISCUSSION OF "A Case for State Certification of Water Experts" Editorial by Jay H. Lehr, July-August 1987 issue, v. 25, no. 4, pp. 386–388     

Thomas L. Wright 《Ground water》1988,26(2):228-228

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The energetics and structure of the hydrogarnet defect in grossular: A computer simulation study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kate Wright  R. Freer  C. R. A. Catlow 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1994,20(7):500-503

We have used computer simulation methods to model the structure and energetics of the hydrogarnet defect in grossular. The predicted structure is in good agreement with experimental data. The calculated energy for the reaction of water with grossular to form the hydrogarnet defect is 1.02 Ev (98 kJ mol^-1). This low energy of reaction suggests that such defects will be common in garnets where they could play an important role in effecting processes such as atomic transport.  相似文献   

Dispersal of river sediments in coastal seas: Six contrasting cases   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. D. Wright  C. A. Nittrouer 《Estuaries and Coasts》1995,18(3):494-508

The fate of sediment seaward of river mouths involves at least four stages: supply via plumes; initial deposition; resuspension and transport by marine processes; and long-term net accumulation. The processes that operate at each stage, and relative roles of each stage in governing the long-term accumulation patterns, vary appreciably with river regime and coastal ocean environment. To illustrate the diversity and illuminate the process of dispersal, information is synthesized for six systems: Amazon, Changjiang, Mississippi, Columbia, Purari, and Huanghe. These systems differ markedly in terms of water discharge, sediment discharge, and coastal energy regime and much of the diversity of dispersal patterns is attributed to these differences as well as to the temporal sequencing of river discharge relative to oceanographic transport processes. Although the sediment: water ratio of the discharge of the Mississippi River is 70 times less than that of the Huanghe, both of these systems exhibit rapid deposition and accumulation of sediments near the river mouths. In contrast, sediments dispersed by, the other four systems are transported greater distances from the mouths by oceanographic processes, and are accumulating over relatively wide areas.  相似文献   

(White) papering over the regional problem: unemployment in Geelong and the federal government response     

Louise Johnson  Steve Wright 《The Australian geographer》1994,25(2):121-125

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Evaporation from the understorey in the Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Don ex Sm.) forest, southwestern Australia     

E.A.N. Greenwood  L. Klein  J.D. Beresford  G.D. Watson  K.D. Wright 《Journal of Hydrology》1985,80(3-4):337-349

Annual evaporation from groundflora, litter and soil of the jarrah forest was estimated from measurements of daily evaporation by ventilated chambers on several days over two separate 12-month periods. In the first year, when sampling ranged over 0.1 ha of forest, annual evaporation during daylight hours was estimated as 410 mm (0.32 rainfall). In the second year, sampling was more frequent, on a larger scale, and included the night hours. Annual evaporation was estimated at 360 mm (0.36 rainfall).

Similarly, in the second year, annual evaporation from two trees of the dominant middle storey species, Banksia grandis, was estimated at 7500 and 18,9001 respectively. The leaf area of these two trees was 9.6 and 22.4 m², respectively, so that annual evaporation, when expressed as mm³ per mm² leaf area, was similar for both trees (mean = 820 ± 30 mm). Applying that value to all Banksia trees in a hectare of forest, and using a measured estimate of leaf area index of 0.19, the estimated annual evaporation from the Banksia component was 155 mm (0.16 rainfall). For the upland part of the forest sampled, the combined annual evaporation from the lower and middle storeys accounted for about half (0.51) of the annual rainfall.

We conclude that reduced evaporation from the upper storey following clearing or thinning may be strongly counteracted by increased evaporation from the understorey due to increased availability of energy and water.  相似文献   

Notes on late Cenomanian and Turonianammonites from Touraine,Western France     

W.J. Kennedy  F. Amédro  G. Badillet  J.M. Hancock  C.W. Wright 《Cretaceous Research》1984,5(1):29-45

Recent collecting in the type area of the Turonian stage and adjacent parts of Touraine in western France provides new geographic and stratigraphic records as well as additional systematic information on species of the ammonite genera Puzosia, Watinoceras, Metoicoceras, Mammites, Prohauericeras, Collignoniceras, Lecointriceras, Subprionocyclus and Sciponoceras.  相似文献   

Late glacial and late Holocene moraines in the Cerros Cuchpanga, central Peru     

H. E. Wright  Jr. 《Quaternary Research》1984,21(3)

Small ice fields on the western cordillera northeast of Lima were expanded to three times their present size in the recent past, and the regional snow line was probably about 100 m lower than it is today. Outwash from the expanded glaciers formed deltas of silt in valley-bottom lakes. When the ice lobes retreated, the reduced outwash was trapped behind recessional moraines, and the clear meltwater infiltrated into the limestone bedrock and emerged at the heads of the deltas in spring pools. The delta surfaces then became covered with peat, and radiocarbon dates for the base of the peat (1100 ± 70 and 430 ± 70 yr B.P. for two different deltas) indicate that the maximum ice advance was older than those dates and, thus, older than the Little Ice Age of many north-temperate regions. Much older moraines date from expansion of the same local summit glaciers to even lower levels in the main valleys, which had previously been inundated by the cordilleran ice field. The cordilleran deglaciation and this expansion of local glaciers probably occurred between 12,000 and 10,000 yr ago, on the basis of slightly contradictory radiocarbon dates.  相似文献   

A direct measurement of the distribution in depth of 26Al in the Estacado meteorite     

J.C. Barton  A.H. Watson  A.G. Wright 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(10):1963-1967

The two-dimensional distribution of ²⁶Al across a slice of the Estacado meteorite was measured using non-destructive γ-γ coincidence counting. The maximum activity was found to be 60 ± 2 dpm kg^?1 and the variation across the slice rather small. The intensity and distribution are in moderate agreement with existing theoretical models if the pre-atmospheric shape of the meteorite had been a sphere of radius 0.35 ± 0.05 m, but it was more likely to have been slightly non-spherical.  相似文献