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141.
Landslides are very common in high-altitude Himalayan terrains. Major roads in the Himalayas are frequently blocked due to
heavy landslides and remain closed for long periods of time. Permanent mitigatory solutions to these landslides are required
to keep the highways open. Lanta Khola, located 71.2 km north of Gangtok (capital of the Indian state of Sikkim), is one of
the oldest landslides on the North Sikkim Highway and is active since 1975. The rock types on either side of the landslide
are different (augen gneiss in the east and metapelitic schist in the west), and it is believed that the Main Central Thrust
passes through the slide zone. Since the slide is invariably activated in the aftermath of heavy rainfall, it is important
to identify the subsurface structures that channel water below the landslide surface in order to understand the triggers of
slide activity. This can only be accomplished by geophysical survey; however, an appropriate geophysical technique that can
be applied in such terrains must be identified. Very low-frequency (VLF) electromagnetic survey was performed over the Lanta
Khola landside in order to delineate subsurface structures. Although a very limited number of VLF transmitters are available
worldwide, it was possible to pick up VLF signals from a number of VLF stations even in this high-altitude mountainous terrain.
VLF measurements along five profiles perpendicular to the geological strike were recorded, and a high conducting zone was
delineated from the VLF observations. This conducting zone correlates with the low resistive zone identified from gradient
resistivity profiling. The anomalies confirm that there is a water-saturated zone (soggy zone) even in the subsurface of the
slide parallel to the geological gneiss–schist contact within the Lanta Khola slide. This indicates that the conductive feature
correlates with a weak water-saturated debris layer that lies along the slide and is parallel to the geological contact. Resistive
structures on either side of the landslide zone can thus be correlated with the stable ground. It is necessary to drain out
water from the soggy zone to minimize slide activity since this zone appears to penetrate into the body of the slide. 相似文献
142.
M. Venkataramana K. Sengupta G. S. Bhat S. Ameenulla J. V. S. Raju 《Journal of Earth System Science》2000,109(2):239-247
This paper describes measurement of air-sea parameters and estimation of sensible and latent heat fluxes by the “Inertial-Dissipation”
technique over south Bay of Bengal. The data were collected on ORV Sagar Kanya during BOBMEX-Pilot cruise during the period
23rd October 1998 to 12th November 1998 over south Bay of Bengal. The fluxes are estimated using the data collected through
fast response sensors namely Gill anemometer, Sonic anemometer and IR Hygrometer. In this paper the analyses carried out for
two days, one relatively cloud free day on November 3rd and the other cloudy with rain on November 1st, are presented. Sea
surface and air temperatures are higher on November 3rd than on November 1st. Sensible heat flux for both the days does not
show any significant variation over the period of estimation, whereas latent heat flux is more for November 3rd than November
1st. An attempt is made to explain the variation of latent heat flux with a parameter called thermal stability on the vapor
transfer from the water surface, which depends on wind speed and air to sea surface temperature difference. 相似文献
143.
Chandreyee Maitra 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2017,38(3):50
With forty years since the discovery of the first cyclotron line in Her X-1, there have been remarkable advancements in the field related to the study of the physics of accreting neutron stars – cyclotron lines have been a major torchbearer in this regard, from being the only direct estimator of the magnetic field strength, a tracer of accretion geometry and an indicator of the emission beam in these systems. The main flurry of activities have centred around studying the harmonic separations, luminosity dependence, pulse phase dependence and more recently, the shapes of the line and the trend for long-term evolution in the line energy. This article visits the important results related to cyclotron lines since its discovery and reviews their significance. An emphasis is laid on pulse phase resolved spectroscopy and the important clues a joint timing and spectral study in this context can provide, to build a complete picture for the physics of accretion and hence X-ray emission in accreting neutron stars. 相似文献