Drainage basin object-based method for regional-scale landform classification: a case study of loess area in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li-Yang Xiong  A-Xing Zhu  Lei Zhang  Guo-An Tang 《自然地理学》2018,39(6):523-541

Landform classification is one of the most important procedures in recognizing and dividing earth surface landforms. However, topographical homogeneity and differences in regional-scale landforms are often ignored by traditional pixel- and object-based landform classification methods based on digital elevation models (DEMs). In this work, a drainage basin object-based method for classifying regional-scale landforms is proposed. Drainage basins with least critical areas are first delineated from DEMs. Then, terrain derivatives of mean elevation, mean slope, drainage density, drainage depth, and terrain texture are employed to characterize the morphology of the drainage basins. Finally, a decision tree based on the topographical characteristics of the drainage basins is constructed and employed to determine the landform classification law. The experiment is validated in the landform classification of regional-scale loess areas in China. Results show that clear boundaries exist in different landforms at the regional scale. Landform type in a specific region shows significant topographical homogeneity under its specific regional geomorphological process. Classification accuracies are 87.3 and 86.3% for the field investigation and model validation, respectively. Spatial patterns of classified landforms and their proximity to sediment sources and other factors can be regarded as indicators of the evolutionary process of loess landform formation.  相似文献   

Changes in production potentials of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin of China under climate change: A multi-model ensemble approach   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhan Tian  Yinghao Ji  Laixiang Sun  Xinliang Xu  Dongli Fan  Honglin Zhong  Zhuoran Liang  Ficsher Gunther 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(11):1700-1714

Rapeseed is one of the major oil crops in China and it is very sensitive to climate change. The Yangtze River Basin is the main rapeseed production area in China. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of climate change on rapeseed production in the basin is of both scientific and practical importance to Chinese oil industry and food security. In this study, based on climate data from 5 General Circulation Models (GCMs) with 4 representative concentration pathways (RCPs) in 2011–2040 (2020s), 2041–2070 (2050s) and 2071–2100 (2080s), we assessed the changes in rapeseed production potential between the baseline climatology of 1981–2010 and the future climatology of the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. The key modelling tool – the AEZ model – was updated and validated based on the observation records of 10 representative sites in the basin. Our simulations revealed that: (1) the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on rapeseed production increases with time; (2) in the middle of this century (2050s), total rapeseed production would increase significantly; (3) the average production potential increase in the 2050s for the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is 0.939, 1.639 and 0.339 million tons respectively; (4) areas showing most significant increases in production include southern Shaanxi, central and eastern Hubei, northern Hunan, central Anhui and eastern Jiangsu.  相似文献   

Generating urban road intersection models from low-frequency GPS trajectory data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Min Deng  Jincai Huang  Huimin Liu  Luliang Tang  Jianbo Tang 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(12):2337-2361

Detailed real-time road data are an important prerequisite for navigation and intelligent transportation systems. As accident-prone areas, road intersections play a critical role in route guidance and traffic management. Ubiquitous trajectory data have led to a recent surge in road map reconstruction. However, it is still challenging to automatically generate detailed structural models for road intersections, especially from low-frequency trajectory data. We propose a novel three-step approach to extract the structural and semantic information of road intersections from low-frequency trajectories. The spatial coverage of road intersections is first detected based on hotspot analysis and triangulation-based point clustering. Next, an improved hierarchical trajectory clustering algorithm is designed to adaptively extract the turning modes and traffic rules of road intersections. Finally, structural models are generated via K-segment fitting and common subsequence merging. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently handle low-frequency, unstable trajectory data and accurately extract the structural and semantic features of road intersections. Therefore, the proposed method provides a promising solution for enriching and updating routable road data.  相似文献   

Surface-deformation monitoring in the permafrost regions over the Tibetan Plateau,using Sentinel-1 data     

ZhenMing Wu  Lin Zhao  Lin Liu  Rui Zhu  ZeShen Gao  YongPing Qiao  LiMing Tian  HuaYun Zhou  MeiZhen Xie 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(2):114-125

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(D-In SAR) has been widely used to measure surface deformation over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the accuracy and applicability of the D-In SAR method are not well estimated due to the lack of in-situ validation. In this paper, we mapped the seasonal and long-term displacement of Tanggula(TGL) and Liangdaohe(LDH) permafrost regions with a stack of Sentinel-1 acquisitions using the Small Baseline Subset In SAR(SBAS-In SAR) method. In the TGL region, with its dry soils and sparse vegetation, the In SAR-derived surface-deformation trend was consistent with ground-based leveling results; long-term changes of the active layer showed a settlement rate of around 1 to 3 mm/a due to the melting of ground ice, indicating a degrading permafrost in this area. Around half of the deformation was picked up on monitoring, in contrast with in-situ measurements in LDH, implying that the D-In SAR method remarkably underestimated the surface-deformation. This phenomenon may be induced by the large soil-water content, high vegetation coverage, or a combination of these two factors in this region. This study demonstrates that surface deformation could be mapped accurately for a specific region with Sentinel-1 C-band data, such as in the TGL region.Moreover, although the D-In SAR technology provides an efficient solution for broad surface-deformation monitoring in permafrost regions, it shows a poor performance in the region with high soil-water content and dense vegetation coverage.  相似文献   

Climate change impacts on regional rice production in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zunfu Lv  Yan Zhu  Xiaojun Liu  Hongbao Ye  Yongchao Tian  Feifei Li 《Climatic change》2018,147(3-4):523-537

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is an important contributor to China’s food security. Climate change, and its impact on rice production, presents challenges in meeting China’s future rice production requirements. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of how rice yield responds to climate change under different scenarios and assessed the associated simulation uncertainties of various regional-scale climate models. Simulation was performed based on a regional calibrated crop model (CERES-Rice) and spatially matched climatic (from 17 global climate models), soil, management, and cultivar parameters. Grain-filling periods for early rice were shortened by 2–7 days in three time slices (2030s, 2050s, and 2070s), whereas grain-filling periods for late rice were shortened by 10–19 days in three time slices. Most of the negative effects of climate change were predicted to affect single-crop rice in central China. Average yields of single-crop rice treated with CO₂ fertiliser in central China were predicted to be reduced by 10, 11, and 11% during the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s, respectively, compared to the 2000s, if planting dates remained unchanged. If planting dates were optimised, single-crop rice yields were predicted to increase by 3, 7, and 11% during the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s, respectively. In response to climate changes, early and single-crop rice should be planted earlier, and late rice planting should be delayed. The predicted net effect would be to prolong the grain-filling period and optimise rice yield.  相似文献   

Changes in record-breaking temperature events in China and projections for the future     

Deng  Hanqing  Liu  Chun  Lu  Yanyu  He  Dongyan  Tian  Hong 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):307-318

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - As global warming intensifies, more record-breaking (RB) temperature events are reported in many places around the world where temperatures are higher than...  相似文献   

江西省早稻雨洗花灾害指标构建与灾损评估   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

田俊  霍治国 《应用气象学报》2018,29(6):657-666

构建早稻雨洗花灾害指标及适于早稻产量估算的灾损评估模型,对开展早稻雨洗花灾害监测、损失评估、灾害保险等具有重要意义。该文以江西省早稻为研究对象,利用1981-2015年14个水稻气象观测站逐日气象资料和农业气象观测资料,筛选出基于早稻抽穗扬花期间过程降水量、最大降水量、降水日数及实际产量的雨洗花灾害样本78个,在此基础上,利用相关分析、正态分布以及主成分回归法,建立了雨洗花灾害指标和灾损评估模型,并对其进行验证。结果表明:抽穗扬花期降水对雨洗花灾害形成有显著影响,其主要影响时段为抽穗扬花普遍期前后5 d内,关键时段为抽穗扬花普遍期前后3 d内。日降水量40 mm可作为早稻抽穗扬花期雨洗花灾害临界指标。以该指标为基础,统计日降水量不低于40 mm的降水日数及其对应的累积降水量,当累积降水量为40~170 mm时,为轻度雨洗花灾害,早稻一般减产小于15%,平均减产10%;当累积降水量不小于170 mm时,为重度雨洗花灾害,早稻一般减产不低于15%,平均减产22%。指标验证结果与历史实际灾害发生情况有较好的一致性。雨洗花灾损评估模型检验结果表明:雨洗花年模拟产量与实际产量吻合度较高,平均相对模拟误差为4.3%,78.0%的资料相对误差在5%以内,可利用该模型对雨洗花年的早稻减产率进行模拟和预测。  相似文献   

基于全视野数字图像的能见度估算方法          下载免费PDF全文

陆天舒  杨俊  邓敏  杜传耀 《应用气象学报》2018,29(6):701-709

基于全视野数字图像的能见度估算方法是将全视野图像大气透射率与大气能见度通过曲线拟合方法建立联系,得到估算模型进行能见度估算。首先通过历史全视野图像和对应时刻的大气能见度建立样本数据集,再利用暗原色先验理论获取全视野图像大气透射率,通过多项式拟合方法建立离散样本数据集中大气透射率与对应时刻大气能见度的关系,即全视野图像能见度估算模型,最终将所需估算时刻的数字图像输入估算模型进行能见度估算,得到大气能见度数值。结果表明:建立的基于全视野数字图像能见度估算模型在环境光照均匀时大气能见度估算值与能见度实测值有较好的一致性,可作为前向散射仪的补充观测方法,弥补其采样存在的局限性。  相似文献   

L波段探空仪湿度资料偏差订正及同化试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郝民  龚建东  田伟红  万晓敏 《应用气象学报》2018,29(5):559-570

L波段探空仪观测资料是基础资料之一,无论在天气预报还是在数值天气预报中都起着重要作用,其资料质量直接影响数值模式同化分析及降水预报准确性。通过对我国3种常用的L波段探空仪观测湿度的偏差特性比较,研发适合该仪器的偏差订正方案,并在GRAPES同化系统中加以试验应用。结果表明:L波段探空仪湿度观测资料与ECMWF再分析湿度场比较有偏干现象。多种偏差订正方案订正结果显示:湿度偏差值比订正前减小,特别是在500 hPa以上层次减小明显。在GRAPES分析同化系统中使用Vomel偏差订正方案,分析偏差减小5%;预报模式个例和连续试验中湿度观测订正后预报降水更接近实况,预报降水检验评分显著提高,故该订正方案在实际应用中表现出积极的正效果。  相似文献   

Effectiveness of pilot carbon emissions trading systems in China     

Zhe Deng  Dongya Li  Tao Pang 《Climate Policy》2018,18(8):992-1011

China is in the process of establishing a national emissions trading system (ETS). Evaluating the implementation effectiveness of the seven pilot ETSs in China is critical for designing this national system. This study administered a questionnaire survey to assess the behaviour of enterprises covered by the seven ETS pilots from the perspective of: the strictness of compliance measures; rules for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV); the mitigation pressure felt by enterprises; and actual mitigation and trading activities. The results show that the pilot MRV and compliance rules have not yet been fully implemented. The main factors involved are the lack of compulsory force of the regulations and the lack of policy awareness within the affected enterprises. Most enterprises have a shortage of free allowances and thus believe that the ETSs have increased their production costs. Most enterprises have already established mitigation targets. Some of the covered enterprises are aware of their own internal emission reduction costs and most of these have used this as an important reference in trading. Many enterprises have accounted for carbon prices in their long-term investment. The proportion of enterprises that have participated in trading is fairly high; however, reluctance to sell is quite pervasive in the market, and enterprises are mostly motivated to trade simply in order to achieve compliance. Few enterprises are willing to manage their allowances in a market-oriented manner. Different free allowance allocation methods directly affect the pathways enterprises take to control emissions.

Key policy insights

• In the national ETS, the compulsory force of ETS provisions should be strengthened.

• A reasonable level of free allowance shortage should be ensured to promote emission reduction by enterprises.

• Sufficient information should be provided to guide enterprises in their allowance management to activate the market.

• To promote the implementation of mitigation technologies by enterprises, actual output-based allocation methods should be used.

• The government should use market adjustment mechanisms, such as a price floor and ceiling, to ensure that carbon prices are reasonable and stable, so as to guide long-term low carbon investment.

  相似文献